Language Language DevelopmentDevelopmentBirth to Age 2Birth to Age 2
Aimee Cohen &
Sandy Sunnongmuang
Dr. Bartel 322
What is Language?What is Language? A rule-governed symbol system for
communicating meaning through a shared code of arbitrary symbols
A codeA code
1.1. ReadingReading
2.2. WritingWriting
3.3. SpeakingSpeaking
4.4. Some gesture systemsSome gesture systems
What makes up this What makes up this language code?language code?
* Rules* Rules CreatingCreating1.1. SoundsSounds
2.2. LettersLetters
3.3. Body movementsBody movements ModifyingModifying1.1. Girl + -s = girls, walk + -ed = walked,Girl + -s = girls, walk + -ed = walked,
2.2. teach + -er = teacher, quick + -ly = quickly,teach + -er = teacher, quick + -ly = quickly,
3.3. Dis- + obey = disobeyDis- + obey = disobey
What makes up this What makes up this language code?language code?
CombiningCombining MeaningMeaning ConversationConversation1.1. Telling a storyTelling a story
2.2. Using different forms of language for different Using different forms of language for different listenerslisteners
3.3. PurposesPurposes
4.4. SituationsSituations
Understanding of Understanding of LanguageLanguage
Most human characteristicMost human characteristic Many ways to expressMany ways to express
SpeakingSpeaking Using sign languageUsing sign language WritingWriting Using computerized Using computerized
communication devicescommunication devices
How is Language How is Language Learned?Learned?
Gradually through interactionGradually through interaction
Symbolization of thoughtSymbolization of thought
Speech-language pathologistsSpeech-language pathologistsAKA speech therapistsAKA speech therapists
The professionalsThe professionals Assess speech & language developmentAssess speech & language development
Treat language & speech disordersTreat language & speech disorders
Also help w/ swallowing disordersAlso help w/ swallowing disorders
Semantic DevelopmentSemantic Development
Semantics; study of meaning of words Semantic Component Theory
All words have fundamental features “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously”
NOT green & colorless Selection restrictions
Syntactic DevelopmentSyntactic Development
Syntax;Syntax; study of rules that study of rules that govern how words are put govern how words are put together to make together to make sentencessentences
Phonological Phonological DevelopmentDevelopment
Phonology; study of sound system (phonemes) Rules Phoneme Vowels; unobstructed flow of air Consonants; obstructed flow of air
Morphological DevelopmentMorphological Development
Morphology; study of words & how formed
Rules Morphemes1. Free (cat, farm, blue, berry)2. Bound ( -s, -er, -ed)
Pragmatic Pragmatic Development/SkillsDevelopment/Skills
Develop in early weeks of lifeDevelop in early weeks of life1.1. KnowingKnowing2.2. ParticipateParticipate3.3. Notice & RespondNotice & Respond4.4. AwarenessAwareness5.5. InitiatingInitiating6.6. MaintainMaintain7.7. Appropriate eye-contactAppropriate eye-contact8.8. DistinguishDistinguish
Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
BirthBirth Learning starts at birthLearning starts at birth Awareness of soundsAwareness of sounds CryingCrying Become “still”Become “still”
Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
0-3 months0-3 months Turn to youTurn to you Smile at youSmile at you ””Recognize” familiar voiceRecognize” familiar voice Notice unfamiliar voicesNotice unfamiliar voices Comforting tonesComforting tones
Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
4-6 months4-6 months Respond to “no”Respond to “no” Changes in tones of voiceChanges in tones of voice Toys, music, rhythmsToys, music, rhythms Household soundsHousehold sounds
Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
7-12 months7-12 months listens when spoken tolistens when spoken to responds to nameresponds to name discovers fun of simple gamesdiscovers fun of simple games recognizes names of familiar objectsrecognizes names of familiar objects responds to questions and requestsresponds to questions and requests
Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
1-2 years1-2 years points to thingspoints to things can follow simple commandscan follow simple commands understands simple questionsunderstands simple questions likes listening to simple storieslikes listening to simple stories enjoys songs and rhymesenjoys songs and rhymes wants repetition of songs and rhymeswants repetition of songs and rhymes
Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
BirthBirth make sounds when in painmake sounds when in pain make sounds when in pleasuremake sounds when in pleasure
Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
0-3 months0-3 months smiles when you come into viewsmiles when you come into view repeats the soundsrepeats the sounds ””coos and goos” a lot when coos and goos” a lot when
contentcontent cries “differentiate”cries “differentiate”
Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
4-6 months4-6 months gurgling sounds or “vocal play”gurgling sounds or “vocal play” babbling beginsbabbling begins ””speech-like” babblingspeech-like” babbling uses sound to tell you thingsuses sound to tell you things
Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
7-12 months7-12 months babbling changesbabbling changes uses sounds other than cryinguses sounds other than crying first words will be spokenfirst words will be spoken
Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones
1-2 years1-2 years accumulating accumulating
wordswords asks 2-word asks 2-word
questionsquestions makes 2-word makes 2-word
combinationscombinations words become words become
clearerclearer
By Age 1: Activities to By Age 1: Activities to Encourage you Child’s Encourage you Child’s
LanguageLanguage Respond to your childRespond to your child Talk to your child Talk to your child Colorful books Colorful books Nursery rhymes and songsNursery rhymes and songs Teach your child namesTeach your child names Visit new placesVisit new places Play simple gamesPlay simple games
Between Ages 1 & 2: Between Ages 1 & 2: Activities to Encourage you Activities to Encourage you
Child’s LanguageChild’s Language Reward and encourageReward and encourage Talk about what you are doingTalk about what you are doing Talk simply, clearly, and slowlyTalk simply, clearly, and slowly Talk about new situationsTalk about new situations Make eye contactMake eye contact DescribingDescribing Children’s records & tapesChildren’s records & tapes Give your child praiseGive your child praise
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