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ByKHAZI MUSHTAQ MOHAMMED SIDDIQUI
Under
LANDING GEAR SHOCK ABSOBER MODELINGBY
USING "AMESim" SOFTWARE
VIJAYA VITTALA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Hennu! B#$u %&! BENGALURU'((
Internal guideD) KRISHNA LOK
SINGHSr. Scientist,
Structural Division,N.A.L, old airpo
rt road,Bengaluru.
Internal guideD) KRISHNAMURTHY)N
Associate Professor,Dept of Mechanical ngg,
!!I" college,Bengaluru.
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#ontents
A$out organi%ation
A$out Structural "echnologies Depart&ent 'S""D(
"as)s prefor&ed.
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A*%u+ %#ni,+i%n
*istory
"he story of #SI+NAL $egan on -une , /0/, 1hen theNational Aeronautical +esearch La$oratory 'NA+L( 1as set up inDelhi, 1ith Dr.P Nila)antan as its 2rst Director. Barely nine&onths later, in March /34, it &ade its hu&$le $eginning $ysetting up its o5ce in the sta$les of the Mysore Mahara6a7sPalace on the -aya&ahal +oad and the Palace +oad as NationalAeronautical La$oratory.
Later it 1as rena&ed as National Aerospace La$oratories 'NAL(in April //8 to re9ect its gro1ing involve&ent in the Indianspace progra&.
#SI+NAL today is spread across t1o ca&puses, 2ve )ilo&etersapart. ach ca&pus has an area of a$out 44 acres. Both theseca&puses are interconnected 1ith highspeed co&puternet1or)s for e:change of scholarly co&&unication. Physicalconnectivity $et1een the
ca&puses is operated via shuttle $us operations.
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National Aerospace La$oratories 'NAL(, a constituentof the #ouncil of Scienti2c and Industrial +esearch'#SI+(, India, is the only civilian aerospace +;Dla$oratory in India. #SI+NAL is a hightech oriented
institution focusing on advanced topics in aerospaceand related disciplines and has a &andate todevelop aerospace technologies 1ith strong sciencecontent, design and $uild s&all and &ediu&si%ecivil aircraft and support all national aerospaceprogra&s.
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O#ni,+i%n C-+
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Mi..i%n.
Develop&ent of national strengths in aerospacesciences and technologies
Advanced technology solutions to national
aerospace progra&s #ivil aeronautics develop&ent '//
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R/D A0+i1i+ie.
"he research and develop&ent activities of #SI+ includes
various 2elds such as Aerospace ngineering.
Structural ngineering.
=cean Sciences.
Life Sciences.
Metallurgy.
#he&icals.
Mining.
>ood.
Petroleu&. #ivil aircraft design ; develop&ent
MA! design ; develop&ent
#o&putational 9uid dyna&ics
:peri&ental aerodyna&ics
•>light &echanics ; controls• "ur$o &achinery andco&$ustion•Structural design, analysis andtesting•Metrological &odeling•Parallel processing co&puters•Meteorological &odeling•?ind energy
•#o&posites•Structural dyna&ics ; integrity•Aerospace &aterials•Aerospace electronics andsyste&s
•lectro&agnetic
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Mi$e.+%ne. HANSA Ai02+
"he &aiden 9ight of #SI+NAL@s light trainer
aircraft, no1 called *ANSA, too) place on Nove&$er //8. "he aircraft is an a$initiot1oseat, all co&posite aircraft
SARAS
SA+AS had its &aiden 9ight on / May 44
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Mi$e.+%ne. NM3
NM0 is the country@s 2rst pu$licprivate
partnership 'PPP( for develop&ent of civiltransport aircraft in colla$oration 1ith MFsMahindra Aerospace Pvt Ltd 'MAPL(. =nthe st of Septe&$er 4, a &ilestone
event for India@s 2rst pu$licprivatepartnership in aircraft develop&ent, and a$old drea& $eca&e realityG #NM0designed ; developed 6ointly $y #SI+NAL; Mahindra Aerospace successfullyundertoo) its 2rst 9ight in Australia.
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A0-ie1emen+.
Developed 2rst Indian tractor Swaraj in /3. >irst to introduce DNA 2ngerprinting in India.
Designed India7s 2rst ever parallel processingco&puter >losolver.
Design of < seater plane 7SA+AS7. "opped list of holders of U.S. patents.
In 44/, co&pleted the seHuencing of the *u&aneno&e.
In 4, successfully tested India7s st indigenouscivilian aircraft, NAL NM0 &ade in association 1ithNational Aerospace La$oratories and MahindraAerospace.
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#SI+NAL #=LLAB=+A"I=N
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Humn Re.%u0eIn&i0+%.
Fi i $ 4 2
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Finn0i$ 4e2%mn0eIn&i0+%.
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A*%u+ STTD
Structural "echnologies Division 'S""D( isone of the largest divisions of NAL, 1ithpri&ary +esearch ; "echnology lead foraerospace structures in India. "he Division
has e:pertise in aero space structuraldesign, analysis, testing, Huali2cation,certi2cation and +esearch and "echnologydevelop&ent in aerospace structures and
contri$uted to all aeronautics and spaceprogra&s of India. Also initiated a supporton Integrated !ehicle *ealth Manage&ent'I!*M( activities.
"h di i i i i d
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"he division is organi%ed asfollo1sE
. #o&putational Mechanics and Si&ulation
roup '#MS(. Dyna&ics and Adaptive Structures roup
'DAS(8. >atigue and Structural Integrity roup
'>SI(M( panels
8. Si&ulation Based +elia$ility Analysis $ased failure analysis of nanoco&posites
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S%2+5e
. MS#FMD NAS"+AN.. MS#F>A"IU.8. A>+=?.
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F0i$i+ie.
round !i$ration "esting
Juali2cation "esting
Lo1 freHuency vi$ration testing
>ullscale >atigue "est
ND" Laser !i$ro&eter, ddy current, i&agingetc.
>ull scale vertical drop to1er
Bird Stri)e
Sled "est
Lo1 velocity i&pact test
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C%$$*%+i%n.
Indian Air >orce, Indian Navy
Defense +esearch and Develop&ent=rgani%ation Indian
Space research =rgani%ation
Indian +ail1aysIndian IndustryE Aerospace, Mechanical etc.
International Aerospace #o&panies
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TASKS 4REFORMED
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Study on type of landing gear shoc) a$sor$ers
"he shoc) a$sor$er is the one ite& that is co&&on toall current landing gears. So&e do not have tires,1heels, $ra)es, antis)id devices, retraction syste&s, or
steering syste&s, $ut all of the& have so&e for& ofshoc) a$sor$er.
"he $asic function of the shoc) a$sor$er, or shoc)
strut as it is often called, is to a$sor$ the )ineticenergy during landing and ta:iing to the e:tent thataccelerations i&posed upon the airfra&e are reducedto a tolera$le level.
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T67e.
. Steel #oil Springs and +ing Springs. Steel Leaf Spring
8. +u$$er Springs
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O$e%'7neum+i0 .-%08 *.%*e
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E90ien06 0u1e
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S+u&6 %n e$emen+6 .-%08 *.%*ee7e.en++i%n %2 AMESim .%2+5e &em% m%&e$)
W-+ i. AMESim:AMSi& standsfor Advanced Modeling Environ&ent for
perfor&ing Simulations ofengineering syste&s. It is$ased on an intuitive graphicalinterface in 1hich the syste&
is displayed throughout thesi&ulation process.
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le&entary &odel of landing gear shoc) a$sor$er
Title Unit Default
values
Accumulator parameters
Gas pressure bar 15
Parameters of flowcontrol01
Equivalent orifice diameter mm 5
Maximum flow coefficient 0.
!"amber parameters
#as pressure at port 1 bar 15
Piston parameter
piston diameter mm $5
c"amber len#t" at %ero relative
displacementmm 110
Parameters of mass&envelop
'elocit( at port one m)s 1
'elocit( at port two m)s 1
mass of piston *m1+ ,# 10
mass of envelope *m-+ ,# 50
Parameters of /prin# #ap
#ap or clearance mm -00
contact stiffness )m -50000
contact dampin# )*m)s+ 100
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Displace&ent
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round force
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5ciency
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Matla$O "a$le for&atE D
O ta$leQunit R N
O a:isQunit R null
Oco&pute area under the curve
du&RTG
LodiRTG
:vRlodi'E,(G
yvRlodi'E,(Gplot':v,yv(G
areaQUnderQtheQcurve R trap%':v,yv(
Oe5ciency R 'Actual 1ave oFp(F'sHuare 1ave oFp( 44
&a:Qdisplace&ent R &a:':v(&a:Qload R &a:'yv(
&a:Qarea R &a:Qdisplace&ent&a:Qload
eC R 'areaQUnderQtheQcurveF&a:Qarea(44
:la$el'7Displace&ent, &&7,7>ontsi%e7,(
yla$el'7Load, )N7,7>ontsi%e7,(
Oinsert graphdata
M+$* Re.u$+
areaQUnderQtheQcurve R84.&a:Qdisplace&ent R4.4 &&a:Qload R./eV448 N&a:Qarea R 38./e5ciency R
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S+u&6 %n +5% 0-m*e .-%08 *.%*ee7e.en++i%n %2 AMESim .%2+5e &em%m%&e$)
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Title Unit Default values
Pneumatic parameters
Gas pressure bar 1.01
Main parameters
Equivalent orifice diameter mm 0
Maximum flow coefficient 0.
Meterin# pin and 2ecoil 3rifice parameters
Equivalent orifice diameter mm 4
Maximum flow coefficient 0.
All Movin# !"ambers parameters
#as pressure at port 1 bar 1.01
3il c"amber Piston parameters
piston diameter mm
c"amber len#t" at %ero relative displacement mm 00
/econdar( c"amber Piston parameters
piston diameter mm 1$
c"amber len#t" at %ero relative displacement mm 1000
2ecoil orifice c"amber Piston parameters
piston diameter mm -00
c"amber len#t" at %ero relative displacement mm 0.1
All 6ixed c"amber Piston parameters
piston diameter mm $
c"amber len#t" at %ero relative displacement mm 0
Parameters of mass&envelop
'elocit( at port one m)s .
'elocit( at port two m)s .
mass of piston *m1+ ,# 1
mass of envelope *m-+ ,# 507000
Parameters of /prin# #ap
#ap or clearance mm 0
contact stiffness )m 1e
contact dampin# )*m)s+ 1e$
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Displace&ent
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=il te&perature in cha&$ers
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Detailed &odel
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Title Unit Default values
Pneumatic parameters
Gas pressure bar 15
Main parameters
Equivalent orifice diameter mm 5
Maximum flow coefficient 0.
Meterin# pin and 2ecoil 3rifice parameters
Equivalent orifice diameter mm 4
Maximum flow coefficient 0.
All Movin# !"ambers parameters
#as pressure at port 1 bar 15
3il c"amber Piston parameters
piston diameter mm $5
c"amber len#t" at %ero relative displacement mm 110
/econdar( c"amber Piston parameters
piston diameter mm 1
c"amber len#t" at %ero relative displacement mm -0
2ecoil orifice c"amber Piston parameters
piston diameter mm -
c"amber len#t" at %ero relative displacement mm 0.1
All 6ixed c"amber Piston parameters
piston diameter mm 85
c"amber len#t" at %ero relative displacement mm 0
Parameters of mass&envelop
'elocit( at port one m)s 1
'elocit( at port two m)s 1
mass of piston *m1+ ,# 10
mass of envelope *m-+ ,# 50
Parameters of /prin# #ap
#ap or clearance mm 0
contact stiffness )m -50000
contact dampin# )*m)s+ 100
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Displace&ent
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round force
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5ciency
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Matla$O "a$le for&atE D
O ta$leQunit R N
O a:isQunit R null
Oco&pute area under the curve
du&RTG
LodiRTG
:vRlodi'E,(G
yvRlodi'E,(Gplot':v,yv(G
areaQUnderQtheQcurve R trap%':v,yv(
Oe5ciency R 'Actual 1ave oFp(F'sHuare 1ave oFp( 44
&a:Qdisplace&ent R &a:':v(
&a:Qload R &a:'yv(
&a:Qarea R &a:Qdisplace&ent&a:Qload
eC R 'areaQUnderQtheQcurveF&a:Qarea(44
:la$el'7Displace&ent, &&7,7>ontsi%e7,(
yla$el'7Load, )N7,7>ontsi%e7,(
Oinsert graphdata
M+$* e.u$+areaQUnderQtheQcurve R.
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Displace&ent
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round force
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5ciency
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Matla$O "a$le for&atE D
O ta$leQunit R N
O a:isQunit R null
Oco&pute area under the curve
du&RTG
LodiRTG
:vRlodi'E,(G
yvRlodi'E,(Gplot':v,yv(G
areaQUnderQtheQcurve R trap%':v,yv(
Oe5ciency R 'Actual 1ave oFp(F'sHuare 1ave oFp( 44
&a:Qdisplace&ent R &a:':v(
&a:Qload R &a:'yv(
&a:Qarea R &a:Qdisplace&ent&a:Qload
eC R 'areaQUnderQtheQcurveF&a:Qarea(44
:la$el'7Displace&ent, &&7,7>ontsi%e7,(
yla$el'7Load, )N7,7>ontsi%e7,(
Oinsert graphdata
M+$* e.u$+areaQUnderQtheQcurve R
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Re2een0e. A+MS"+=N*L=U!+ B., X#ontrol of Machines 1ith
>rictionX, Nor1ell, MassachussetsE Ylu1er Acade&ic
Pu$lishers, //. YA+N=PP D., Xco&puter si&ulation of stic) slip friction in
&echanical dyna&ic syste&sX, "ransactions ASM, -ournal of Dyna&ic Syste&s, Measure&ent and #ontrol,vol. 4, March /0, pp. 4448.
Aircraft Landing ear Design Principles and PracticesNor&an S. #urrey
-ohn A. Dean, ZLange7s *and$oo) of #he&istry[. ric)er
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