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[Polity] Land Ordinance 2014 vs. Land Acquisition Act 2013: Salient Features!o"#arison $ !riticis"
1. LARR Act 2013
2. Salient features of LARR-2013 Act?
3. Why Land ordinance?
4. Land Ordinance 2014: Salient eatures
!. Land ordinance: "ritcis#$Anti-ar%u#ents
&. A''endi(-): *(a#'les of +u,lic +ur'ose acuisition
. A''endi(-)): 13 central la/s e(e#'ted
. oc uestions
LARR Act 2013
1. Land Acquisition %e&a' %esettle"ent Act (LA%%) 2013
2. *e#art"ent o+ Land resources under %ural *evelo#"ent "inistry i"#le"ents t&is act.
ut /hy /as this la/ enacted?
1. Land Acuisition "eans ,overn"ent-#rivate co"#any #urc&asin, #rivate land +or 'u,lic 'ur'ose.
2. /ut under t&e /ritis&era Land acquisition act o+ 14 t&e ter" #u'lic #ur#ose as a"'i,uous and o#en to e5ecutivediscretion. So #oor #eo#les6 land as acquired at t&roaay #rices in #rete5t o+ develo#"ent #ro7ects.
3. So"eti"es suc& #ro7ects never started and t&e sa"e c&ea# land as resold at &i,&er #rice to real estate develo#ers it&out'uildin, anyt&in, +or #u'lic #ur#ose.
4. 8it& t&is tactic #oliticians t&eir sonsinla and 'ureaucrats "ade 'illions out o+ t&in air. LA%% act2013 tried to +i5 t&is #ro'le".
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LA9* A!;==L>@>9= A!= (LA%%) 2013
Salient features of LARR-2013 Act?
Colonial Act 1894 LARR Act 2013
The term public purpose wasambiguous and open to
Governments discretion
Clearly defines various types of public purpose projects for which,
Government can acquire private land !"efer to appendi#$%&
'and could be acquiredforcibly
(or private project, )*+ affected families must agree
(or project, -*+ affected families must agree
.nly then land can be acquired
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They were given no voice indecision ma/ing
0nder 1ocial impact assessment !123& even need to obtain consent of
the affected artisans, laborers, share$croppers, tenant farmers,fishermen, small traders, 4esi$liquor den owners etc whose
!sustainable& livelihood will be affected because of the given project
Government was free to decide
how much money to pay whileacquiring private land
Compensation proportion to mar/et rates
5 times the mar/et rate in rural area
6 times in urban area
3ffected artisans, small traders, fishermen etc will be given
one$time payment, even if they dont own any land
7o such restrictions on fertile
land
To ensure food security:
% (ertile, irrigated, multi$cropped farmland can be acquired
only in last resort
6 2f such fertile land is acquired, then Government will have to
develop equal si8e of wasteland for agriculture purpose
9
if Government acquires the lands for private company$ the
said private company will be responsible for relief and
rehabilitation of the affected people
3dditional rehabpac/age for 1C:1T owners ;#ample$
fishing rights over dam, 6
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sold:leased to private players at
s/y$high prices
Why Land ordinance?
146s land act as 'o,us and e5#loitive. So !on,ress ,overn"ent enacted ne la in 2013 it& #rovisions +or social i"#act
assess"ent +air co"#ensation dis#ute settle"ent and ot&er +ancy t&in,s.
LA%%2013 Act 'eca"e e++ective +ro" 1st anuary 2014.
/ut t&is LA%% Act2013 esta'lis&ed an e5tre"ely co"#le5 and i"#ractical land acquisition #rocess.
5oldouts:&olac&&a# 9BOs ould insti,ate 202CD o+ t&e a++ected +a"ilies to sta,e &oldout #ro"isin, t&e" it6ll +etc& t&e"
even &i,&er #rices. and Biven t&e E00D consent require"ent t&e #ro7ect ill never ico++.
Liti%ation:'ecause local (and t&ere+ore corru#tion) Patari and =e&sildars never "aintain #ro#er land records o+ &o ons &o
"uc& land.
=&is raised t&e land #rices red ta#is" and t&us t&e overall #ro7ect cost.
9eit&er t&e +ar"er could sell its land and "ove to ur'an areas no t&e entre#reneur could 'uy t&e land and "ove toards rural
areas.
!o"'ined it& >nviron"entactivis" and #olicy #aralysis o+ ;PA re,i"e t&e end result as in+rastructure 'ottlenec &i,&
in+lation and +all in B*P.
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8?G @O*< ?A* =O /%
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A. Frequent *isru#tions in 8inter session (*ece"'er 2014)
/. @odi doesn6t en7oy "a7ority in %a7ya Sa'&a.
!. so"e o+ t&e union "inistries &adnot even #re#ared t&e 'ills.
=&ere+ore Bovern"ent decided to use ordinance route under Article 123 o+ t&e !onstitution.
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Land "rdinance 2014: Salient #eatures
LARR-Act 2013 Land "rdinance 2014
$andatory-*+ consent for
projects
$andatory)*+ consent for
private projects
$andatory1ocial impact
assessment !123& for every projects
Those !andatory things are no longer required for%
tyes of ro&ects:
% 7ational security and 4efense roduction
6 "ural infrastructure, "ural electrification
> 2nfrastructure and 1ocial infrastructure
5 2ndustrial corridors
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2f any mischief played on Governments
part then head of the department will be
responsible
=ead of the department cant be prosecuted
without prior sanction of government !under CrC
1ection %B-&
This immunity is given to ensure bureaucrats
dont sit on the files, fearing media$trials and judicial
activism
Land ordinance: "riticis#$Anti-ar%u#ents
1. Biven t&e
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8it&in t&at ti"e Bovern"ent &ad to a"end t&ose 13 las to ,ive +air co"#ensation. Since @odi couldn6t do it &e ,ot an
ordinance cleared to e5tends LA%%&i,&co"#ensation rates to t&ese central las:
T'ese Acts (ere e)e!ted fro! LARR-Act-2013 *ut co+ered +ia "rdinance
"ld Act ,ear
'and 3cquisition !@ines& 3ct %))
oc uestions
1. Su''ose6 7o8ern#ent enacted a ne/ la/ to acuire any land fro# any,ody /ithout any co#'ensation6 then /hich of the
follo/in% funda#ental ri%hts /ill ,e affected?
A. 1-'
/. 1-c
!. 1-d
*. 1-e
2. 9nder Land ordinance 20146 consent of affected fa#ilies and social i#'act assess#ent is #andatory for /hich of the follo/in%
'roects?
1. *e+ense #roduction
2. ?ousin, +or lo inco"e ,rou#
3. %ural electri+ication
Anser c&oices
A. Only 1 and 2
/. Only 2 and 3
!. Only 1 and 3
*. 9one o+ t&e"
3. 9nder Land ordinance 20146 /ho a#on% the follo/in% can acuire 'ri8ate land for 'u,lic 'ur'ose?
1. One #erson co"#any
2. Pu'lic li"ited co"#any
3. #rivate li"ited co"#any
4. >ducational trust.
C. %eli,ious c&arity or,aniJation
Anser c&oices
A. Only 2 and 3
/. Only 1 2 and 3
!. Only 1 2 3 and 4
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*. All o+ t&e"
4. 9nder Land ordinance 2014
A. %evenue o++icials at district and state level can 'e #rosecuted it&out #rior a##roval o+ Bovern"ent.
/. >very state is "andated to setu# a dis#ute settle"ent aut&ority under retire c&ie+ 7ustice o+ &i,& court.
!. /ot& A and /
*. 9eit&er A nor /
!. Land Acuisition6 Reha,6 Resettle#ent Act ;LARR< 2013
1. Provides co"#ensation o+ 45ti"es "aret rates +or land acquired near ur'an areas.
2. Puts certain restriction on acquisition o+ +ertiliJe land to ensure +ood security +or
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/. 122
!. 123
*. 124
. +resident of )ndia can #ae ordinance on /hich of the follo/in% #atters?
1. Price control
2. Lunacy
3. Bas and ,as ors
Anser c&oices
A. Only 1 and 2
/. Only 2 and 3
!. Only 1 and 3
*. 9one o+ t&e"
10. ) 'arlia#ent doesn=t a''ro8e an ordinance6 it=ll e('ire in >>>.
A. Si5 days
/. Si5 ees
!. Si5 "ont&s
*.
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/. 42nd
!. 43rd
*. 44t&
escri'ti8e uestions for ains e(a#
1. Lac o+ co&erent #olicy on land acquisition &as &ar"ed 'ot& t&e +ar"ers and entre#reneurs discuss in t&e 'acdro# o+ LA%% Act2013 and Land Ordinance 2014.
2. 9arrate t&e circu"stances leadin, to enact"ent o+ Land Ordinance 2014 and its liely i"#act on
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