Major Protocols
• TCP/IP– De facto protocols of the Internet
• IPX/SPX– Used in Novell networks
• NetBEUI– A non routable local protocol
NetBEUI
• Supported by – Windows 9X, Windows NT, Windows
2000 and Windows XP • Non-routable protocol used for
setting a local LAN that does not require Internet access
• Can be used for an internal peer-to-peer or client-server network
IPX/SPX Compatible Protocol
• Used in Novell networks • Required for interoperability of
Windows network with Novell networks
• Routable protocol• IPX/SPX can be used for peer-to-
peer or client-server networking
TCP/IP
• An important protocol used widely on the Internet
• A routable protocol • Supports communication with UNIX
networks or any other network that work under the TCP/IP protocol– The base protocol in UNIX networks is
TCP/IP• Can be used for configuring peer-to-
peer as well as client-server networks of very large scale
A TCP/IP Application Scenario
Workstation
The Internet
InternetRouter
LocalRouter
Workstation
Lab
Configure the workstation for Internet access by Installing TCP/IP.
TCP/IP Installation and Configuration
• A two-step process• First, install the protocol
– With many modern OSs such as Windows XP, it is automatically installed
• Second, configure its properties– When TCP/IP is automatically installed, the
properties are set to be obtained from a DHCP server
– However, it is also possible to manually set the properties
TCP/IP Installation Steps
Choose Network/Properties
Install Protocol
Choose TCP/IP
Start
End
From NetworkNeighborhood/
Properties.
Add
OK
TCP/IPprotocolinstalled.
Accessing the Window for TCP/IP Properties
• Under different Windows operating systems the TCP/IP properties are accessed in different ways – The best and the most consistent way to
access TCP/IP properties Windows is to go through the Control Panel and then select the Network Icon
– Another way to access the properties is to go through Network Neighborhood
– Thereafter, select the network properties (Based on the NIC) and then then continue to select the TCP/IP properties
Accessing TCP/IP Properties Tab
Choose Network
TCP/IP/Properties
Start
From NetworkNeighborhood/
Properties.
Define TCP/IP properties
Proceed
TCP/IP Configuration Options
• Dynamic IP– A DHCP server must be present in the
network to issue dynamic IP– In a number of cases, the MAC address of
the client is registered to prevent unauthorized leasing of IP addresses to clients
• Static IP – Obtain the IP address specifications from
the network administrator
DHCP and TCP/IP Configuration
• Without a DHCP server– Requires the static assignment of IP
addresses and properties– The DHCP server need not reside on the
same subnet
• With a DHCP server– IP addresses etc. are automatically assigned
by the DHCP server– Select the appropriate option for the TCP/IP
address to be dynamically assigned by the DHCP server
Assignment of Properties for TCP/IP
• IP address• Subnet mask• Gateway address• DNS address
– Preferred– Alternate, if available
Alternate IP
• If the computer is used on another network as well, an alternate IP address may also be set– It can be a private IP address– Or, it could well be a static IP address
that is manually set
IP Addresses for Restricted Internal LANs
• For an internal network, only the IP addresses and the subnet masks need to be assigned– Note that subnet mask is not an IP address
• Such networks will not have access to the outside world meaning that it would not have a connection to the Internet
• There are also some IP addresses reserved for internal use that are known as private addresses– An example is 192.168.0.1
• For internal access, private IP addresses should preferably be used
Facilitating External Access
• A gateway address is required to facilitate external address
• A gateway is generally a router that directs the traffic to the next segment of the network that would eventually be linked through a series of hops over network segment to its destination
• There can be more than one gateway present in a network meaning that multiple gateway addresses can be entered in the TCP/IP properties window
IP Address Assignment Summarized
IP Address
Obtain IPAddress
automatically
Specify IP Address
IP Address123.345.678.90
Subnet Mask255.255.255.0
DHCP Non-DHCP
Gateway, DNS and WINS addresses
WINS
• Setting multiple WINSs• Add LMHOST lookup• Set NetBIOS over TCP/IP to cater
for older applications that rely on NetBIOS
More on WINS
• WINS Configuration– This can be configured if there is a
WINS server on the network– The purpose of the WINS server is to
resolve Windows client names into IP addresses
– Windows names are not common in today’s environment as all computer names are based on TCP/IP
TCP/IP Implementation and Configuration End
Result
• The workstation is ready for Internet access
• Tasks possible– Access Internet
• Note: The computer may have a name generated by the OS such as Windows XP
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