Laboratory Spectroscopy in Herschel/PACS Range of
Astrophysically Important Minerals
Andy Nissinboim, Joseph Boesenberg, Julie Leibold, Kristen Sherman
George E. Harlow , Denton Ebel
Karl Hibbitts and Carey Lisse
Tatiana Brusentsova, Doug Maukonen, Pedro Figueiredo, Himanshu Saxena, Robert E. Peale
Presented at AAS meeting, Washington DC Jan 2010
Astro-relevant minerals
high-T (>1000K) predictions from condensation calculations
minerals found in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites
minerals interpreted from Spitzer/Deep Impact spectrum, found in Stardust samples and in IDPs
minerals found in differentiated meteorites and planets
minerals reported in astronomical spectroscopy
Lab measurements support PACS data analysis
Thermal emission: 4 c () e0() d
• e0() = Planck function
• = (S/m) ln (1/T) = mass absorption coef.–S = sample cross-section
–m = mass in sample
–T = transmittance spectrum
Physical Characterization
Select grains from AMNH mineral collection– Crush to separate intergrowths– Sweep magnetic impurities– Dissolve carbonate impurities in HCl (acid)– Hand pick clean grains
Verify crystallography (single crystal x-ray)Electron microprobe on single grains
– Chemical composition– Cation stoichiometry
Pellet preparation and spectroscopy
Make dust– micronizing mill– Stokes settling– grain size distribution
Weigh and mix in polyethylene powder
Melt press to pellets
Fourier transform spectrometer: 14-250 microns
20 microns
cerussite
1 2 3 4 5 60
50
100
Num
ber
of p
artic
les
Particle diameter (micron)
Cerussite
Disseminate results• Planetary Data System, Cross-referenced
• Curation of all samples at AMNH – Samples– Pellets– All data
Carbonates: Calcite & Dolomite group
0
20
40
60
80
100
dolomite
- 40
8- 37
0 322
-
263
-
173
-16
0 -Ca Mg (CO
3)2
0
20
40
60
80
100CaMg
3(CO
3)4
Wavenumber (cm-1)
Tra
nsm
ittan
ce (
%)
512
-
443
- - 40
0
382
-- 36
3
282
- 24
9 -
214
- 18
5 -
155
-11
7 - 79
-
huntite
600 500 400 300 200 1000
20
40
60
80
100Ca
0.78Mn
1.13(CO
3)2
260
-
320
- 204
-15
3 -
138
-
kutnohorite
0
20
40
60
80
100Ca(Fe
0.28Mg
0.65)(CO
3)2
154
-16
6 -
220
-25
9 -
- 32
0- 35
6
ankerite
0
20
40
60
80
100
228
-256
-30
6 -
- 38
0- 43
9
magnesiteMgCO
3
Tra
nsm
ittan
ce (
%)
0
20
40
60
80
10098
-11
0 -
228
-- 31
9- 36
0
calciteCaCO
3
0
20
40
60
80
100
160
-17
7 -20
5 -
- 30
835
2 -
rhodochrositeMnCO
3
600 500 400 300 200 1000
20
40
60
80
100
Wavenumber (cm-1)
195
-23
0 -
- 37
8sideriteFeCO
3
Spitzer SpitzerPACS PACS
-The lines in the PACS range within the same mineral group directly depend on the mineral species
Hydroxyl-containing, acid- and hydrated Carbonates:
0
20
40
60
80
100
87 -
- 97
120
-14
6 -
172
-
215
-- 24
5- 26
5
517
-Gaylussite Na
2Ca(CO
3)2*5H
2O
Tra
nsm
ittan
ce (
%)
Wavenumber (cm-1)
600 500 400 300 200 1000
20
40
60
80
10072
-98
-13
1 -
163
-- 17
5- 20
4- 23
526
3-- 60
0
Trona Na3(HCO
3)(CO
3)*2H
2O
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wavenumber (cm-1)
130
-143
-17
5 -
275
-
317
-- 32
9
- 37
239
6 -
467
-513
-
hydrozinciteZn
5(CO
3)2(OH)
6
Tra
nsm
ittan
ce (
%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
- 60
0
485
- - 43
4
345
-
297
- 248
-- 23
5
195
-20
9 -
155
-hydromagnesiteMg
5(CO
3)4(OH)
2*4H
2O
600 500 400 300 200 1000
20
40
60
80
100
artiniteMg
2(CO
3)(OH)
2*3H
2O
- 51
3
- 43
8
- 39
6 - 35
333
0 - 27
7 -
- 24
521
4 -
195
- 177
-15
7 -
112
-
PACS
PACS
Spitzer
Spitzer
Phyllosilicates (micas)
100 200 300 400 500 600
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Wavenumber, cm-1
Mas
s ab
sorp
tion (
cm2 /g
) Paragonite 84351 Clintonite 84503
PACS
Feldspars
0
1000
2000
Ab~100
1005033252017
Wavelength (m)
Wavenumber (cm-1)
0
1000
2000
Ab79
An21
0
1000
2000
Ab90
An10
Mass
abso
rptio
n (c
m2 /g
)
700 600 500 400 300 200 100
0
1000
2000
Ab41
An59
0
1000
2000
Ab51
An49
both Plagioclase-(Albite-Anorthite)
and Alkali-
(Albite-Orthoclase) solid solution series
were examined
0
1000
2000
3000
Ab~100
Mass
abso
rptio
n
(cm
2 /g)
Wavelength (m)
Wavenumber (cm-1)
0
1000
2000
3000
Ab36
Or64
0
1000
2000
3000
Ab29
Or71
700 600 500 400 300 200 100
0
1000
2000
3000
Ab6Or
94
0
1000
2000
3000
Ab15
Or85
1005033252017
Spitzer SpitzerPACS PACS
Sulfides:
100 200 300 400 500 6000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Sphalerite ZnS, #109954, <6m Alabandite MnS, #103312, <6m
Mas
s ab
sorp
tion (
cm2 /g
)
Wavenumber (cm-1)100 200 300 400 500 600
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Stibnite Sb2S
3, #110042, <6m
Pyrite FeS2, #37240, <6m
Wavenumber (cm-1)
Mas
s ab
sorp
tion (
cm2 /g
)
PACS
The effect of smaller particle size:
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Wavenumber (cm-1)
Mas
s ab
sorp
tion (
cm2 /g
)
Sphalerite #109954, no Stokes precip. Sphalerite #109954, D particles <6m, Stokes precip.
100 200 300 400 500 6000
1000
2000
3000
4000
Pyrite #37240, no Stokes precip. Pyrite #37240, D particles<6m,Stokes precip.
Wavenumber (cm-1)
Mas
s ab
sorp
tion (
cm2 /g
)
-The increase of mass absorption coefficient values for the samples with smaller mean particle size
Temperature dependence
100 200 300 400 5000.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Ab
sorb
an
ce
Wavenumber (cm-1)
Water IcePACS
200 250 3000
1000
2000
3000
4000
Wavenumber (cm-1)
In
tens
ity (
Arb
. uni
ts)
Huntite
14 K
300K
Icy dust
150 Minerals Sampled• Nesosilicates: Olivines, Garnets, Phenakites• Silica minerals• Inosilicates: Pyroxenes (Clino- and Ortho-), “Pyroxenoids”• Feldspars: Alkali and Plagioclase• Double-chain silicates: Amphiboles (Orthorhombic, Calcic
clino-)• Cyclosilicates• Carbonates: Calcites, Aragonites, Dolomites, hydroxylated,
Hydrated-normal, acid• Phyllosilicates: Smectites, Chlorites, Micas, Kaolinites,
Serpentines, Talcs• Sorosilicates• Oxides• Sulfides
Applications
• Early PACS report: 69 m feature “due to olivine.” True? We find no olivine feature there.
• Simulation of dust emission spectrumLinear superposition of absorbance for (e.g.) 38% water
ice, 22% forsterite, 22% orthopyroxene (Mg-rich end member), 8% pyrrohtite, 5% talc or nontronite, 2.5% magnesite, and 2.5% siderite
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