Kingdom- AnimaliaKingdom- Animalia
Invertebrate Phyla
1) Porifera -Sponges
2) Cnidaria-Jellyfish
3) Platyhelmninthes-flatworms
4) Nematoda-Roundworms
5) Annelida--Segmented worms
6) Mollusca--Clams, Snails, Squid
7) Arthropoda--Insects,Arachnids 8) Echinodermata--Seastars
Invertebrate Phyla
1) Porifera -Sponges
2) Cnidaria-Jellyfish
3) Platyhelmninthes-flatworms
4) Nematoda-Roundworms
5) Annelida--Segmented worms
6) Mollusca--Clams, Snails, Squid
7) Arthropoda--Insects,Arachnids 8) Echinodermata--Seastars
What is an Animal?What is an Animal?
• Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotrophic
• Lack Cell Walls
• Collagen present
• Store sugar as glycogen
• Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotrophic
• Lack Cell Walls
• Collagen present
• Store sugar as glycogen
All Animals form a blastula and gastrula, during embryological development.
All Animals form a blastula and gastrula, during embryological development.
Different types of Cleavage (How the cell divides and splits)Different types of Cleavage (How the cell divides and splits)
• 1) Protostomes• * Spiral Cleavage--blastopore becomes
the mouth• Most invertebrate Phyla• 2) Deuterostomes• * Radial Cleavage --blastopore becomes
the anus• Echinoderata & Chordata--(Not an invert.)
• 1) Protostomes• * Spiral Cleavage--blastopore becomes
the mouth• Most invertebrate Phyla• 2) Deuterostomes• * Radial Cleavage --blastopore becomes
the anus• Echinoderata & Chordata--(Not an invert.)
Types of Symmetry--Or how the body parts are arrangedTypes of Symmetry--Or how the body parts are arranged
Radial Symmetry--Cnidaria & EchinodermataRadial Symmetry--Cnidaria & Echinodermata
Bilateral (2 halves) SymmetryBilateral (2 halves) Symmetry
2 equal sides--All other phyla2 equal sides--All other phyla
Phylum-PoriferaPhylum-Porifera
Porifera--CharacteristicsPorifera--Characteristics
• Pores
• Multicellularity
• No true tissues
• Sessile, Filter feeders
• Types--Bath (protein), Glass (SiO2), Chalk
• Pores
• Multicellularity
• No true tissues
• Sessile, Filter feeders
• Types--Bath (protein), Glass (SiO2), Chalk
Phylum CnidariaPhylum Cnidaria
Cnidaria--CharacteristicsCnidaria--Characteristics
• First true tissues, First mover (motile)
• Nerve net, Nematocysts (Stinging cells)
• One body opening (mouth)
• 3 Classes--1) Hydrozoa (Hydra, P.M.W.)
2) Scyphozoa (floating, true jellyfish)
3) Anthozoa (corals)
• First true tissues, First mover (motile)
• Nerve net, Nematocysts (Stinging cells)
• One body opening (mouth)
• 3 Classes--1) Hydrozoa (Hydra, P.M.W.)
2) Scyphozoa (floating, true jellyfish)
3) Anthozoa (corals)
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum Platyhelminthes
Platyhelminthes--CharacteristicsPlatyhelminthes--Characteristics
• First, “Hunter” Moved head first• Cephalization--Head development• 3 tissue layers--ectoderm, mesoderm &
endoderm• Mostly parasitic• 3 Classes--Trematoda (flukes) Cestoda
(tapeworms) Turbellaria (Planaria et al)
• First, “Hunter” Moved head first• Cephalization--Head development• 3 tissue layers--ectoderm, mesoderm &
endoderm• Mostly parasitic• 3 Classes--Trematoda (flukes) Cestoda
(tapeworms) Turbellaria (Planaria et al)
Phylum NematodaPhylum Nematoda
Nematoda--CharacteristicsNematoda--Characteristics
• Pseudocoelom (false coelom)--A protective cushiony layer between the endoderm & mesoderm
• 2 body openings (mouth & anus)
• 1st distinct sexes (boys & girls)
• Mostly parasitic--hookworms, threadworms, pinworms
• Pseudocoelom (false coelom)--A protective cushiony layer between the endoderm & mesoderm
• 2 body openings (mouth & anus)
• 1st distinct sexes (boys & girls)
• Mostly parasitic--hookworms, threadworms, pinworms
Phylum AnnelidaPhylum Annelida
Annelida CharacteristicsAnnelida Characteristics
• True coelom
• All body organ systems, well developed
• Segmentation
• Closely related to Molluscs
• 3 Classes--Oligochaeta (earthworms) Polychaeta (predatory sandworms) Hirudinea (parasitic leeches)
• True coelom
• All body organ systems, well developed
• Segmentation
• Closely related to Molluscs
• 3 Classes--Oligochaeta (earthworms) Polychaeta (predatory sandworms) Hirudinea (parasitic leeches)
Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca
Mollusca--CharacteristicsMollusca--Characteristics
• 2nd most numerous phylum
• Largest sizes--> Giant squid & clam
• Variable body form
• Most have a mantle that secretes a shell
• 1st camera-type eye (detailed images)
• Most have head--viscera--foot
• 2nd most numerous phylum
• Largest sizes--> Giant squid & clam
• Variable body form
• Most have a mantle that secretes a shell
• 1st camera-type eye (detailed images)
• Most have head--viscera--foot
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
More Bivalves…More Bivalves…
Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda
Gastropods have coiled shells, due to torsion. They are univalves
Gastropods have coiled shells, due to torsion. They are univalves
Class Cephalopoda--Squid, Octopus & Cuttle fishClass Cephalopoda--Squid, Octopus & Cuttle fish
Phylum Arthropoda--CharacteristicsPhylum Arthropoda--Characteristics
• Most numerous #1 Phylum
• Jointed Appendages (arms, legs, antennae) muscles are in bundles
• Exoskeleton (made of chitin)
• Adapted to nearly every habitat & niche
• Most have Head--Thorax--Abdomen
• Most numerous #1 Phylum
• Jointed Appendages (arms, legs, antennae) muscles are in bundles
• Exoskeleton (made of chitin)
• Adapted to nearly every habitat & niche
• Most have Head--Thorax--Abdomen
Phylum Arthropoda Class InsectaPhylum Arthropoda Class Insecta
Class ArachnidaClass Arachnida
Class CrustaceaClass Crustacea
Phylum Echinodermata (Spiny skin)Phylum Echinodermata (Spiny skin)
Echinodermata--CharacteristicsEchinodermata--Characteristics
• Spiny skin• Endoskeleton (like vertebrates)• Deuterostomes (like chordates) blastopore
becomes the anus• Radial symmetry (pentaradial)
• Types--seastars, sea cukes, sand dollars, sea urchins
• Spiny skin• Endoskeleton (like vertebrates)• Deuterostomes (like chordates) blastopore
becomes the anus• Radial symmetry (pentaradial)
• Types--seastars, sea cukes, sand dollars, sea urchins
Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata
Chordate Characteristics--All vertebrates are chordates, but not all chordates are vertebrates
Chordate Characteristics--All vertebrates are chordates, but not all chordates are vertebrates
• Post-anal tail
• Pharyngeal gill slits
• Notocord
• Dorsal neural tube (nerve cord)
• Post-anal tail
• Pharyngeal gill slits
• Notocord
• Dorsal neural tube (nerve cord)
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