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ICE CUBE
Why do you smell the chocolate?
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CScandium
12
52
TeTellerium
128
57
LaLanthanum
139
67
HoHolmium
165
27
CoCobalt
59
What happens if we heat an ice cube in an empty beaker?If I continue to heat the liquid what happens?
The water turns into a gas (evaporation) and leaves the container.
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Chocolate
Chocolate particles evaporate and diffuse throughout the room, some of which reach your nose.
So when you smell something, those are the particles of that object traveling through the
air and making physical contact with your nose, and
that includes poop and farts.
The Kinetic Theory of Matter says that the particles that were in
someone's butt end up in your nose! YAY SCIENCE!!!
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What Happens if I add a drop of food coloring to a glass of hot and cold water?
Hot Water Cold Water
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KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER• All matter is made up of tiny little
particles and those particles are always randomly moving.
• Temperature is related to the speed of the particles.– Higher temperature = faster
moving and more energy.– Lower temperature = slower
moving and less energy.
• ↑ Speed = ↑ Temperature
• ↓ Speed = ↓ Temperature
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter-basics
Three States of Matter
Macroscopic Definitions• Gas: Has no definite shape or volume, easily compressible, Fills its container• Liquid: Constant volume, no definite shape, Takes shape of container,
slightly compressible• Solid : Definite volume and shape, rigid and difficult to compress
Microscopic Definitions• Gas: particles are far apart and move rapidly, frequently colliding with other
molecules• Liquid: particles are packed closely together and slide past one another. No
orderly arrangement.• Solid : The particles are rigidly held in place and vibrate. Orderly
arrangement.
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SOLID LIQUID GAS
Shape Rigid with a definite or Fixed Shape.
Takes the shape of its container Fills a container
Volume
Particle Motion
Arrangement
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SOLID LIQUID GAS
Shape Rigid with a definite or Fixed Shape.
Takes the shape of its container Fills a container
Volume Definite Volume. Not compressible.
Definite volume. Slightly compressible.
Indefinite volume. Easily compressible
(e.g. a balloon)
Particle Motion
Arrangement
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SOLID LIQUID GAS
Shape Rigid with a definite or Fixed Shape.
Takes the shape of its container Fills a container
Volume Definite Volume. Not compressible.
Definite volume. Slightly compressible.
Indefinite volume. Easily compressible
(e.g. a balloon)
Particle MotionParticles Vibrate but are generally locked
into place.
Particles slide past one another (liquids can
flow)Move rapidly with very high energy.
Arrangement
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SOLID LIQUID GAS
Shape Rigid with a definite or Fixed Shape.
Takes the shape of its container Fills a container
Volume Definite Volume. Not compressible.
Definite volume. Slightly compressible.
Indefinite volume. Easily compressible
(e.g. a balloon)
Particle MotionParticles Vibrate but are generally locked
into place.
Particles slide past one another (liquids can
flow)Move rapidly with very high energy.
ArrangementVery close together in
an orderly arrangement
Close together but not locked into an orderly
arrangement.Particles are very far
apart.
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Water is cramped as a solid.
Water is lonely as a gas.
Water parties/mingles as a liquid.
Life as a water molecule!
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Sublimation: Dry Ice or Carbon Dioxide (CO2) turns directly into gas.
Deposition. precipitation forms in clouds. Frost on grass.
Condensation: bathroom mirror, outside of a drink with ice.
Evaporation: liquid to gas, steam sweating is a cooling process.
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THERMAL EXPANSION
Erlenmeyer Flask Balloon
What Happens if I put a balloon over an Erlenmeyer Flask and put it on a hot plate/burner? Why?
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Volume and Temperature
• When you heat a substance the particles move faster and the amount of space they take up increases.
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Thermal Expansion
Heating a metal rod causes it to grow longer! The whole will get bigger
if the metal is heated.
DENSITY CHANGES WITH TEMPERATURE
• If a solid object has a mass of 24g and a volume of 12cm3, what is its density and what will happen if it is heated?
• If the object expands to a volume of 16cm3 while being heated, what is its mass new density?
Solid Block
Heat
The Solid Expands
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Power lines and CarsOn hot days metal expands and power lines sag more than on cold days when they are tighter.
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Axe-Fire Demo• Density Decreases as
Temperature Increases
• Density Increases as Temperature Decreases
• Substances Expand when Heated
• Substances Contract when Cooled
T↑ V↑ D↓ T↓ V↓ D↑
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