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= Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
FKJ_GJ_V
Vfbkkc Ijekrlmtikj ………………………………………………….……..………………………………………………….. 4
^mrgjts’ Tgpkrt
................................................................................................................................ 6
Vfbkkc Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt ................................................................................................................. 9
Kvgrmcc sfbkkc `uohlgjt...................................................................................................................................=>
Agy strgjhtbs ....................................................................................................................................................=>
Fbmjhgs sijfg tbg cmst ijspgftikj ....................................................................................................................=>
Tgfkllgjomtikjs ............................................................................................................................................=>
Bkw hkko mrg tbg stuogjts’ mttmijlgjt, prkhrgss mjo cgmrjijh saiccs; ........................................................==
Bkw hkko is tbg stuogjts’ pgrskjmc mjo skfimc ogvgckplgjt; .....................................................................=?
Bkw hkko mrg tgmfbijh mjo mssgsslgjt;.......................................................................................................=7
Bkw wgcc okgs tbg furrifucul lggt tbg goufmtikjmc jggos ke mcc stuogjts; ...............................................=5
Bkw wgcc okgs tbg sfbkkc prktgft mjo suppkrt stuogjts; .............................................................................=8
Bkw wgcc okgs tbg sfbkkc prkviog ekr stuogjts witb spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggos; .......................................=2
Bkw hkko mrg tbg cgmogrsbip mjo lmjmhglgjt ke tbg sfbkkc; ...................................................................=2
Xbmt mrg tbg vigws ke tbg ^rijfipmc, pmrgjts, tgmfbgrs mjo stuogjts; .........................................................4=
Xbmt bmppgjs jgxt; .........................................................................................................................................44
Bkw tk fkjtmft us .............................................................................................................................................44
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4 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Vfbkkc ijekrlmtikj
Hgjgrmc ijekrlmtikj
Ckfmtikj Mc Xmrqmm
_ypg ke sfbkkc ^rivmtg
Kpgjijh ygmr ke
sfbkkc
4>>5
Xgdsitg www.ims-oudmi.mg
_gcgpbkjg >?-42>>996
Moorgss MC XMT]MM, OWDMI
^rijfipmc Lmrmb ]mokurmb
Cmjhumhg ke
ijstruftikj
Gjhcisb
Ijspgftikj omtgs =8tb - 4>tb Jkvgldgr 4>=?
Vtuogjts
Hgjogr ke stuogjts Dkys mjo Hircs
Mhg rmjhg 6 - =2
Hrmogs kr ygmr
hrkups
AH =- Hrmog =4
Juldgr ke stuogjts
kj rkcc
=>52
Juldgr ke fbicorgj
ij ^rg-A >
Juldgr ke Glirmti
stuogjts
?79
Juldgr ke stuogjts
witb VGJ
62
Cmrhgst jmtikjmcity
hrkup ke stuogjts
Glirmti
_gmfbgrs / Vuppkrt stmee
Juldgr ke tgmfbgrs 29
Cmrhgst jmtikjmcity
hrkup ke tgmfbgrs
Vyrimj
Juldgr ke tgmfbgr
mssistmjts
==
_gmfbgr-stuogjt
rmtik
=0=4
Juldgr ke huiomjfg
fkujsgcckrs
=
_gmfbgr turjkvgr 2%
Furrifucul
Goufmtikjmc ^grlit WV
Lmij Furrifucul /
Ktbgr
WV Fkllkj Fkrg /Fmciekrjimj VtmtgVtmjomros/
Vtmjomroisgo tgsts /
dkmro gxmls
Ikwm Hrmog = - =4,
VM_ mjo _KGECMffrgoitmtikj
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6 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
^mrgjts’ Tgpkrt
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? Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Ogmr ^mrgjts,
Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc wms ijspgftgo dy OVID erkl =8tb - 4>tb Jkvgldgr 4>=?, mjo tbg kvgrmcc
qumcity ke goufmtikj prkviogo dy tbg sfbkkc wms ekujo tk dg Mffgptmdcg
Ij krogr tk `uohg tbg kvgrmcc qumcity ke goufmtikj prkviogo dy tbg sfbkkc, ijspgftkrs fkjsiogrgo six agy
mspgfts ke tbg sfbkkc’s pgrekrlmjfg mjo stmjomros. Ijspgftkrs ckkago mt fbicorgj’s mttmijlgjt mjo prkhrgss
ij eivg agy sud`gfts, tbgir cgmrjijh saiccs ms wgcc ms tbgir pgrskjmc mjo skfimc ogvgckplgjt. _bgy `uohgo bkw
geegftivg tgmfbijh wms mfrkss tbg sfbkkc. Ijspgftkrs fkjsiogrgo bkw wgcc tbg sfbkkc’s furrifucul, ijfcuoijh
mftivitigs ijsiog mjo kutsiog tbg fcmssrkkl, lgt tbg goufmtikjmc jggos ke mcc fbicorgj. _bgy ̀ uohgo bkw wgcc
tbg sfbkkc prktgftgo mjo suppkrtgo fbicorgj. Ij mooitikj ijspgftkrs `uohgo tbg geegftivgjgss ke cgmogrsbip
mjo hkvgrjmjfg, ijfcuoijh lmjmhglgjt, stmeeijh, emficitigs mjo rgskurfgs.
_bg ijspgftikj ̀ uohlgjts wgrg ormwj erkl m rmjhg ke gviogjfg hmtbgrgo dy tbg ijspgftikj tgml, ijfcuoijh
kdsgrvijh fbicorgj cgmrjijh ij cgsskjs, ckkaijh mt tbgir wkra, tmcaijh witb fbicorgj, lggtijhs witb stmee,pmrgjts mjo hkvgrjkrs, mjo rgvigwijh tbg pmrgjts’ mjo tgmfbgrs’ survgys.
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7 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
_bg agy strgjhtbs mjo mrgms ekr ilprkvglgjt tk dg lmog dy tbg sfbkkc cgmogrs, hkvgrjkrs mjo kwjgrs mrg0
Vtrgjhtbs
Fbicorgj’s sgfurg ogvgckplgjt ke Iscmlif Goufmtikj mjo Mrmdif ms m eirst cmjhumhg ij tbgAijogrhmrtgj.
Vtuogjts’ mttmijlgjt mjo prkhrgss wgrg hkko ij lmtbglmtifs ij tbg Bihb Vfbkkc. Vtuogjts’ oglkjstrmtgo m hkko ujogrstmjoijh ke Iscmlif vmcugs mjo mwmrgjgss ke Glirmti mjo wkrco
fucturgs ij mcc pbmsgs ke tbg sfbkkc. Vtuogjts’ oglkjstrmtgo hkko dgbmvikr mjo rgspkjsidcg mttituogs ij mcc pbmsgs ke tbg sfbkkc.
Fkllujifmtikjs dgtwggj pmrgjts mjo tbg sfbkkc wgrg bgcpeuc ij suppkrtijh stuogjts’ prkhrgss.
Mrgms ekr ilprkvglgjt
Gjsurg tbmt tgmfbijh mjo tbg furrifucul ij tbg Aijogrhmrtgj rgspkjos tk tbg ijoivioumcogvgckplgjtmc jggos ke fbicorgj mjo fbmccgjhgs tbgl mfmoglifmccy.
Ijfrgmsg kppkrtujitigs ekr stuogjts tk ogvgckp ijogpgjogjt ijvgstihmtikj, rgsgmrfb mjo bihbgr-krogrtbijaijh saiccs.
Ilprkvg tbg systgls ekr iogjtieifmtikj mjo prkvisikj ekr stuogjts witb spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggos. Ilprkvg tbg mffurmfy ke stuogjts’ ijtgrjmc mssgsslgjt hrmogs dy usijh ijtgrjmtikjmc tgst hrmogs ms
m dgjfblmra. _bg sfbkkc cgmogrs mjo hkvgrjkrs jggo tk fcmriey tbgir ijoivioumc rkcgs mjo rgspkjsidicitigs ij
ilprkvijh stuogjt mttmijlgjt mjo prkhrgss.
Xg wmrlcy gjfkurmhg yku tk rgmo tbg eucc sfbkkc ijspgftikj rgpkrt.
_bg sfbkkc is rgquirgo tk sudlit tk OVID mj mftikj pcmj iogjtieyijh tbg stgps tbgy wicc tmag tk moorgss tbg
mrgms ekr ilprkvglgjt. Xg bmvg movisgo ykur sfbkkc cgmogrs tk sbmrg tbis witb yku.
Xg trust tbmt tbg ijekrlmtikj prkviogo wicc bgcp yku ujogrstmjo, mjo gjfkurmhgs yku tk suppkrt, ykur
fbico’s sfbkkc.
Ykurs sijfgrgcy,
Oudmi Vfbkkcs Ijspgftikj Durgmu
Ajkwcgohg mjo Bulmj Ogvgckplgjt Mutbkrity
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5 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
M fcksgr ckka mt Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc
Bkw wgcc okgs tbg sfbkkc pgrekrl kvgrmcc;
Kvgrmcc, Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc prkviogo mj‒M
ffgptmdcg
’
qumcity ke goufmtikj ekr its stuogjts.
Mttmijlgjt mjo prkhrgss wgrg lkstcy mffgptmdcg ij tbg agy sud`gfts mfrkss tbg sfbkkc. Fbicorgj lmoghkko prkhrgss ij Gjhcisb ij tbg Aijogrhmrtgj. Ij sfigjfg, prkhrgss wms hkko ij tbg Lioocg Vfbkkc. Ijtbg Bihb Vfbkkc, dktb mttmijlgjt mjo prkhrgss ij lmtbglmtifs wgrg hkko.
_bg stuogjts ij mcc pbmsgs ke tbg sfbkkc ogvgckpgo m hkko ujogrstmjoijh ke Iscmlif vmcugs mjomwmrgjgss ke Glirmti mjo wkrco fucturgs. Vtuogjts’ dgbmvikr mjo mttituogs tk sfbkkc wgrg mcsk hkko. Bkwgvgr, stuogjts bmo m cilitgo mwmrgjgss ke gjvirkjlgjtmc issugs.
Lkst tgmfbgrs wgrg sgfurg ij tbgir sud`gft ajkwcgohg dut bmo m cilitgo ajkwcgohg ke bkw tk usgoieegrgjt tgmfbijh strmtghigs tk lggt tbg jggos ke mcc stuogjts. Mssgsslgjt omtm wms fkccmtgo dy tbg
sfbkkc. Bkwgvgr, tbg mjmcysis ke tbis tk ijekrl tgmfbgr pcmjjijh mjo tk fbgfa sfbkkc pgrekrlmjfgwms mt mj gmrcy stmhg ke ogvgckplgjt.
_bg furrifucul wms drkmo mjo mcckwgo ekr sueeifigjt pcmjjijh ke prkhrgssikj ij lkst sud`gfts.Bkwgvgr, kppkrtujitigs ekr ijogpgjogjt rgsgmrfb mjo fritifmc tbijaijh wgrg ijfkjsistgjt. _bgrg wmsijsueeifigjt lkoieifmtikj ke tbg furrifucul ekr stuogjts witb spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggos.
Mcc stmee mjo lkst stuogjts wgrg mwmrg ke fbico prktgftikj prkfgourgs. Bkwgvgr, prkfgourgs tkprktgft stuogjts erkl duccyijh, ijfcuoijh fydgr smegty wgrg jkt euccy ogvgckpgo.
_bg sfbkkc bmo m fcgmr visikj tbmt bmo dggj sbmrgo witb stmee, mjo tbg cgmogrsbip tgml wgrgdghijjijh tk sgt m lkrg mspirmtikjmc oirgftikj ekr tbg sfbkkc. _bgrg wms hkko rgpkrtijh ke fbicorgj’sprkhrgss tk pmrgjts. _bg hkvgrjijh dkmro bmo stmrtgo tk gvmcumtg tbg sfbkkc’s pgrekrlmjfg. Bkwgvgr,tbis wms jkt sueeifigjtcy rihkrkus tk bkco tbg sfbkkc tk mffkujt ekr its mftikjs.
Bkw wgcc okgs tbg sfbkkc prkviog ekr stuogjts witb spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggos;
_bg prkhrgss ke stuogjts witb spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggos wms ujsmtisemftkry ms m rgsuct ke ijmffurmtgiogjtieifmtikj ke stuogjts’ jggos mjo ijfkjsistgjt suppkrt dy tgmfbgrs. Bkwgvgr, ij tbg Aijogrhmrtgj,fbicorgj’s prkhrgss wms fbgfago mt mj gmrcy stmhg, mjo mftikjs wgrg tmagj wbgrg jgfgssmry.
Ij sklg cgsskjs, tbg furrifucul bmo jkt dggj momptgo sueeifigjtcy tk fbgfa tbmt mcc pgrskjmc, skfimcmjo cgmrjijh jggos ke tbg stuogjts wgrg lgt. _gmfbgrs’ cgsskj pcmjjijh oio jkt fkjsistgjtcy moorgsstbg ijoivioumc cgmrjijh jggos ke gmfb stuogjt ms m rgsuct ke cilitgo spgfimcist huiomjfg dgijh mvmicmdcg.
_bg suppkrt hivgj tk stuogjts wms ijfkjsistgjt cgmoijh tk ujsmtisemftkry prkhrgss. Bkwgvgr, wbgrgstuogjts’ jggos bmo dggj iogjtieigo, pmrgjts wgrg ijvkcvgo ij fbgfaijh bkw suffgsseuc tbg suppkrtprkhrml bmo dggj.
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8 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
=. Bkw hkko mrg tbg stuogjts’ mttmijlgjt prkhrgss mjo cgmrjijh saiccs;
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Iscmlif Goufmtikj
Mttmijlgjt
Jkt Mppcifmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
^rkhrgss Jkt Mppcifmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Mrmdif ms m Eirst
Cmjhumhg
Mttmijlgjt Jkt Mppcifmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
^rkhrgss Jkt Mppcifmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Hkko
Mrmdif ms mj Mooitikjmc
Cmjhumhg
Mttmijlgjt Jkt Mppcifmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
^rkhrgss Jkt Mppcifmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Cmjhumhg ke ijstruftikj
Mttmijlgjt Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt MppcifmdcgJkt Mppcifmdcg
^rkhrgss Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt MppcifmdcgJkt Mppcifmdcg
Gjhcisb
Mttmijlgjt Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
^rkhrgss Hkko Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Lmtbglmtifs
Mttmijlgjt Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Hkko
^rkhrgss Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Hkko
Vfigjfg
Mttmijlgjt Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
^rkhrgss Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Hkko Mffgptmdcg
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Cgmrjijh saiccs Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Ilprkvgo erkl cmst ijspgftikj
Ogfcijgo erkl cmst ijspgftikj
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2 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
4. Bkw hkko is tbg stuogjts’ pgrskjmc mjo skfimc ogvgckplgjt;
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
^grskjmc rgspkjsidicity Hkko Hkko Hkko Hkko
Wjogrstmjoijh ke Iscmlif
vmcugs mjo mwmrgjgss ke
Glirmti mjo wkrco fucturgs
Hkko Hkko Hkko Hkko
Fkllujity mjo gjvirkjlgjtmc
rgspkjsidicity
Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
6. Bkw hkko mrg tgmfbijh mjo mssgsslgjt;
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
_gmfbijh ekr geegftivg cgmrjijh Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Mssgsslgjt Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
?. Bkw wgcc okgs tbg furrifucul lggt tbg goufmtikjmc jggos ke mcc stuogjts;
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Furrifucul qumcity Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Furrifucul ogsihj tk lggt tbg
ijoivioumc jggos ke stuogjts
Wjsmtisemftkry Wjsmtisemftkry Wjsmtisemftkry Wjsmtisemftkry
7. Bkw wgcc okgs tbg sfbkkc prktgft mjo suppkrt stuogjts;
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Bgmctb mjo smegty Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
]umcity ke suppkrt Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
5. Bkw hkko mrg tbg cgmogrsbip mjo lmjmhglgjt ke tbg sfbkkc;
Mcc pbmsgs
_bg geegftivgjgss ke
cgmogrsbip MffgptmdcgVgce-gvmcumtikj mjo
ilprkvglgjt pcmjjijh
Mffgptmdcg
^mrgjts mjo tbg fkllujity Hkko
Hkvgrjmjfg Mffgptmdcg
Lmjmhglgjt, stmeeijh,
emficitigs mjo rgskurfgs
Mffgptmdcg
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9 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Vfbkkc Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt
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=> Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Kvgrmcc sfbkkc `uohglgjt
Mffgptmdcg
Agy strgjhtbs
Fbicorgj’s sgfurg ogvgckplgjt ke Iscmlif Goufmtikj mjo Mrmdif ms m eirst cmjhumhg ij tbg Aijogrhmrtgjcgo tk smtisemftkry cgmrjijh kutfklgs ij cmtgr pbmsgs.
Vtuogjts’ mttmijlgjt mjo prkhrgss wgrg hkko ij lmtbglmtifs ij tbg Bihb Vfbkkc. Vtuogjts sbkwgo hkko dgbmvikr mjo pgrskjmc rgspkjsidicity ij mcc pbmsgs. Vtuogjts oglkjstrmtgo hkko ujogrstmjoijh ke Iscmlif vmcugs mjo hkko mwmrgjgss ke Glirmti mjo
wkrco fucturgs ij mcc pbmsgs. Tgcmtikjsbips dgtwggj sfbkkc mjo pmrgjts wgrg hkko ms m rgsuct ke rghucmr writtgj fkllujifmtikjs
kj stuogjt prkhrgss.
Fbmjhgs sijfg tbg cmst ijspgftikj
_bg Ikwm Ijtgrjmtikjmc Dgjfblmra _gst wms jkw usgo tk mssgss mcc stuogjts erkl tbg gcglgjtmry tkbihb sfbkkc pbmsgs ij rgmoijh, cmjhumhg, lmtbglmtifs mjo sfigjfg.
_bg sfbkkc ilprkvgo kutokkrs emficitigs ekr stuogjts, ijfcuoijh mooitikjmc sbmog mjo mrtieifimc hrmssgomrgms.
_bg sfbkkc ijfrgmsgo prkegssikjmc ogvgckplgjt ekr tgmfbijh stmee wbifb ekfusgo upkj ilprkvijh
stuogjts’ cgmrjijh kutfklgs.
Tgfkllgjomtikjs
Ilprkvg aijogrhmrtgj prkvisikj dy mcihjijh tbg furrifucul witb rgfkhjizgo gmrcy ygmrs’ goufmtikjdgst prmftifg witb m spgfieif ekfus kj tbg mspgfts ke fbico ogvgckplgjt.
Ilprkvg tbg kvgrmcc qumcity ke prkvisikj ekr stuogjts witb m spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggo dy0- ogvgckpijh prkfgourgs ekr tbg iogjtieifmtikj, suppkrt mjo fcmssrkkl lkjitkrijh- ogvgckpijh tbg rkcgs ke spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggos’ stmee ij movisijh mjo suppkrtijh tgmfbgrs
kj geegftivg prmftifg- gjsurijh mcc ijoivioumc goufmtikjmc pcmjs (IG^s) lggt tbg jggos ke ijoivioumc stuogjts.
Ilprkvg tbg mttmijlgjt mjo prkhrgss ke mcc stuogjts tbrkuhbkut tbg sfbkkc dy ijfrgmsijhkppkrtujitigs ekr stuogjts tk ijogpgjogjtcy ijvgstihmtg, rgsgmrfb mjo ogvgckp bihbgr-krogr tbijaijhsaiccs.
Mcihj sfbkkc mssgsslgjt omtm witb ijtgrjmtikjmc dgjfblmra omtm tk gjsurg lkrg mffurmtg cgvgcs kestuogjt cgmrjijh kutfklgs.
Fcmriey tbg rkcg ke cgmogrsbip, ijfcuoijh tbg sfbkkc’s hkvgrjijh dkmro tk gjsurg hrgmtgr mjo lkrgfkjsistgjt sfbkkc wiog mffkujtmdicity.
Ilprkvgo erkl cmst ijspgftikjOgfcijgo erkl cmst ijspgftikj
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== Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
=. Bkw hkko mrg tbg stuogjts’ mttmijlgjt prkhrgss mjo cgmrjijh saiccs;
AH
Vud`gfts Mttmijlgjt ^rkhrgss
Iscmlif Goufmtikj Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt Mppcifmdcg
Mrmdif ms m Eirst Cmjhumhg Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt Mppcifmdcg
Mrmdif ms mj Mooitikjmc Cmjhumhg Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt Mppcifmdcg
Cmjhumhg ke ijstruftikj Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt Mppcifmdcg
Gjhcisb Mffgptmdcg Hkko
Lmtbglmtifs Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Vfigjfg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Ij Gjhcisb, mclkst mcc fbicorgj cistgjgo wgcc tk ijstruftikjs mjo rgspkjogo mffurmtgcy tk qugstikjs. Mlijkrity ke fbicorgj fkuco rgtgcc stkrigs mjo ogsfridg pgrskjmc gvgjts ij tbgir civgs. Dy tbg gjo ke tbgAijogrhmrtgj, mclkst mcc fbicorgj bmo lmog hkko prkhrgss ij ogvgckpijh mj ujogrstmjoijh ke pbkjifsmjo wgrg mdcg tk rgmo mjo writg silpcg wkros. M egw fbicorgj fkuco writg kjg kr lkrg sgjtgjfgs.
Ij lmtbglmtifs, lkst fbicorgj lgt hrmog cgvgc gxpgftmtikjs dy fkujtijh tk 4> mjo rgfkhjizijhsbmpgs. _bgy wgrg mdcg tk fklpmrg qumjtitigs usijh lkrg tbmj, cgss tbmj, dihhgr mjo slmccgr tbmj._bgy fkuco qumjtiey kd`gfts mjo fklpmrg twk hrkups ke kd`gfts usijh gstilmtikj. M lijkrity kefbicorgj fkuco moo mjo sudtrmft sijhcg oihit juldgrs.
Ij sfigjfg, lkst fbicorgj lgt gxpgftmtikjs dy iogjtieyijh tbg pmrts ke m pcmjt mjo gxpcmijijh wbmtgcglgjts pcmjts jggo tk hrkw. _bgy fkuco oieegrgjtimtg dgtwggj bgmctby mjo ujbgmctby ekkos, mjo m
lijkrity fkuco gxpcmij tbg fkjsgqugjfgs ke gmtijh ujbgmctby ekkos. _kk ketgj fbicorgj’s prkhrgsswms rgstriftgo dgfmusg ke ijsueeifigjt fbmccgjhg.
Gcglgjtmry
Vud`gfts Mttmijlgjt ^rkhrgss
Iscmlif Goufmtikj Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Mrmdif ms m Eirst Cmjhumhg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Mrmdif ms mj Mooitikjmc Cmjhumhg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Cmjhumhg ke ijstruftikj Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt Mppcifmdcg
Gjhcisb Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Lmtbglmtifs Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Vfigjfg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Ij Iscmlif Goufmtikj, lkst stuogjts fkuco rgfitg vgrsgs mffurmtgcy mjo bmo mj mogqumtg ajkwcgohgke tbg piccmrs ke Iscml. _bgy lmog gxpgftgo prkhrgss ij cgmrjijh mdkut tbg prkpbgts mjo rgfitijh jgwvgrsgs.
Ij Mrmdif ms m eirst cmjhumhg, lkst stuogjts oglkjstrmtgo dmsif writijh saiccs usijh oiftmtikj, fkpyijh
mjo ijogpgjogjt writijh. Vtuogjts’ cistgjijh saiccs mjo spgmaijh saiccs wgrg mffgptmdcg.
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=4 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Ij Mrmdif ms mj mooitikjmc cmjhumhg, lkst stuogjts bmo mffgptmdcg cistgjijh saiccs mjo fkuco rgspkjomffurmtgcy ij prgpmrgo sbkrt fkjvgrsmtikjs. _bgy lmog gxpgftgo prkhrgss wbgj usijh jgw wkros ijsilpcg sgjtgjfgs. Lkst Hrmog = stuogjts fkuco oisfuss agy ogtmics ij m tgxt witb tbgir pggrs mjotgmfbgr. Lkst fkuco ijtgrprgt iccustrmtikjs tk ogsfridg agy gvgjts, mjo m egw fkuco prgoift kutfklgs.
Dy Hrmog 7, lkst stuogjts bmo mhg-mpprkprimtg fkllmjo ke stmjomro hrmllmr mjo usmhg wbgjwritijh kr spgmaijh. Lkst fkuco rgfkhjisg pmttgrjs ekr fbmjhijh rkkt wkros mjo wgrg mffurmtg wbgjspgccijh mhg-mpprkprimtg wkros.
Ij Gjhcisb, lkst stuogjts wgrg fklpgtgjt ij tbgir krmc ijtgrmftikjs witb pggrs mjo tgmfbgrs. _bgyfkuco sgga mjo fkjvgy ijekrlmtikj ms wgcc ms prkoufg gxtgjogo rgspkjsgs. Lkst wgrg lmaijhprkhrgss ij rgmoijh ecugjfy. Ij lkst fcmssgs, kjcy m lijkrity fkuco pujftumtg kr spgcc fkrrgftcy. _bgmdicity tk writg ij m wiog rmjhg ke hgjrgs wms jkt sueeifigjtcy ogvgckpgo. Vtuogjts’ cilitgo vkfmducmrymjo wgma rgmoijh fklprgbgjsikj sckwgo tbgir prkhrgss.
_bg mttmijlgjt mjo prkhrgss ke stuogjts ij ckwgr gcglgjtmry lmtbglmtifs wgrg mdkvg gxpgftgocgvgcs ij ijtgrjmc mjo gxtgrjmc Ikwm gxmls, pmrtifucmrcy ij tbg usg ke juldgr. Bkwgvgr, dy Hrmog 6mjo mdkvg, tbg Ikwm sfkrgs orkppgo tk cgvgcs tbmt wgrg wgcc dgckw ijtgrjmtikjmc gxpgftmtikjs.
Mjmcysis iogjtieigo wgmajgssgs ij hgklgtry. Ij sfigjfg, stuogjts wgrg mdcg tk kdsgrvg lixturgs mjo skcutikjs dut fkuco jkt mcwmys oieegrgjtimtg
dgtwggj tbg twk. Cgmrjijh kd`gftivgs oio jkt fcgmrcy kutcijg tbg purpksg ke prmftifmc mftivitigs ij tbgcgsskj, mjo ms m rgsuct stuogjts lmog kjcy mffgptmdcg prkhrgss. Xgmajgssgs ij cieg sfigjfgs mjopbysifs wgrg gviogjt mfrkss lkst hrmogs.
Lioocg
Vud`gfts
Mttmijlgjt ^rkhrgss
Iscmlif Goufmtikj Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Mrmdif ms m Eirst Cmjhumhg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Mrmdif ms mj Mooitikjmc Cmjhumhg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Cmjhumhg ke ijstruftikj Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt Mppcifmdcg
Gjhcisb Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Lmtbglmtifs Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Vfigjfg Mffgptmdcg Hkko
Ij Iscmlif Goufmtikj, lkst stuogjts bmo m skujo ajkwcgohg ke Iscmlif lmjjgrs mjo lmog mffgptmdcg
prkhrgss tkwmros ujogrstmjoijh tbgir ilpkrtmjfg tk ijoivioumcs mjo skfigty. Ij Mrmdif ms m eirst cmjhumhg, stuogjts’ ujogrstmjoijh wms ij cijg witb furrifucul gxpgftmtikjs. Lkst
ajgw hrmllmr rucgs mjo fkuco prkoufg mpprkprimtg writtgj pmssmhgs witb egw listmags. _bg hircs’usg ke krmc gxprgssikj wms ke m bihbgr stmjomro tbmj tbg dkys’.
Ij Mrmdif ms mj mooitikjmc cmjhumhg, stuogjts bmo ogvgckpgo mj mffgptmdcg cgvgc ke rgmoijh mjocistgjijh saiccs. Lkst stuogjts fkuco spgma mjo writg silpcg sgjtgjfgs usijh jgw mo`gftivgs.
Ij Gjhcisb, lkst Hrmog 5 stuogjts fkuco ujogrstmjo gxtrmfts ke tgxt mjo fkrrgftcy usg jgw vkfmducmrywkros. Dy Hrmog 2, lkst stuogjts pkssgssgo dmsif pujftumtikj saiccs, dut tbgrg wms cgss ogvgckplgjtij sgjtgjfg strufturg. Lkst dghmj tk mppcy tbgir ajkwcgohg ke vkfmducmry. Ij mcc hrmogs ij tbg lioocgpbmsg, gxtgjogo writijh saiccs wgrg ujogrogvgckpgo.
Ij lmtbglmtifs, tbg ogvgckplgjt ke mchgdrmif saiccs wms m strgjhtb. Bkwgvgr, stuogjts’ hgklgtrifogvgckplgjt wms rgstriftgo oug tk ogeifigjfigs ij cmjhumhg.
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=6 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Ij sfigjfg, lkst stuogjts oglkjstrmtgo mj mffgptmdcg ujogrstmjoijh ke Lgjogc’s cmws ke hgjgtifsmjo ktbgr dikckhifmc fkjfgpts. _bg ogvgckplgjt ke tbgir ujogrstmjoijh ke fbglistry wms m strgjhtb.Ij cgsskjs wbifb prkviogo fbmccgjhg, stuogjts lmog m hkko rmtg ke prkhrgss.
Bihb
Vud`gfts
Mttmijlgjt ^rkhrgss
Iscmlif Goufmtikj Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Mrmdif ms m Eirst Cmjhumhg Mffgptmdcg Hkko
Mrmdif ms mj Mooitikjmc Cmjhumhg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Cmjhumhg ke ijstruftikj Jkt Mppcifmdcg Jkt Mppcifmdcg
Gjhcisb Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Lmtbglmtifs Hkko HkkoVfigjfg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Ij Iscmlif Goufmtikj, lkst stuogjts bmo mj mpprkprimtg ajkwcgohg ke Iscml’s gmrcy gxpmjsikj mjolmog mffgptmdcg prkhrgss ij ujogrstmjoijh tbg fkjoitikjs ke rgpgjtmjfg mjo tbg fmusgs ke ]ur’mjifrgvgcmtikj.
Ij Mrmdif ms eirst cmjhumhg, kcogr stuogjts bmo gxpgftgo cgvgcs ke ujogrstmjoijh mjo wgrg fkjeiogjtwbgj gxprgssijh tbgir iogms. M egw stuogjts wgrg dghijjijh tk ogvgckp frgmtivg writijh saiccs.Vtuogjts lmog hkko prkhrgss ij ogvgckpijh cistgjijh, rgmoijh mjo spgmaijh saiccs.
Ij Mrmdif ms mj mooitikjmc cmjhumhg, stuogjts bmo mj mhg-mpprkprimtg ujogrstmjoijh ke hrmllmr mjo
ajkwcgohg ke vkfmducmry. _bgy lmog mffgptmdcg prkhrgss ij ekrlijh silpcg sgjtgjfgs mjoiogjtieyijh stkry fbmrmftgrs. Ij Gjhcisb, lkst stuogjts bmo ogvgckpgo mffgptmdcg spgmaijh mjo cistgjijh saiccs tbmt wgrg ij cijg
witb gxpgftmtikjs. Vtuogjts pmrtifipmtgo ij fcmssrkkl oisfussikjs ij citgrmturg stuoigs mjooglkjstrmtgo mj mffgptmdcg ujogrstmjoijh ke rgmoijh. Ij lkst Hrmog == mjo =4 fcmssgs, stuogjtsbmo ogvgckpgo m rgmskjmdcg rmjhg ke mjmcytifmc saiccs wbifb gxtgjogo tbgir ujogrstmjoijh ke tgxt.Bkwgvgr, stuogjts’ writijh saiccs wgrg ujogrogvgckpgo, mjo tbmt wms rgecgftgo ij tbg mjmcysis ke tbgIkwm tgsts.
Ij lmtbglmtifs, stuogjts wgrg mdcg tk wkra tbrkuhb fklpcgx fkjfgpts mjo usg tbg prkpgrtigs ke CKHtk silpciey gxprgssikjs. _bg mttmijlgjt mjo prkhrgss ke tbg lm`krity ke stuogjts ij tbis pbmsg wgrgmdkvg furrifucul gxpgftmtikjs.
Ij sfigjfg, stuogjts wgrg mdcg tk usg gxpgrilgjts tk mffurmtgcy ogtgrlijg tbg pbysifmc mjo fbglifmcfbmrmftgristifs ke lgtmcs mjo jkj-lgtmcs. Vtuogjts’ prkhrgss wms mffgptmdcg dgfmusg tmsas wgrg jktsueeifigjtcy fbmccgjhijh mjo kppkrtujitigs tk wkra ijogpgjogjtcy kj prkdcgl skcvijh wgrg cilitgo. Ijpbysifs fcmssgs, stuogjts skcvgo silpcg prkdcgls kj aijgtif mjo pktgjtimc gjgrhy dut wgrg jktfbmccgjhgo witb lkrg fklpcgx tmsas.
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=? Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Cgmrjijh saiccs Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Mfrkss tbg sfbkkc, lkst fbicorgj mjo stuogjts bmo pksitivg mttituogs tk cgmrjijh mjo wgrg mdcg tk
wkra ijogpgjogjtcy ekr sbkrt pgrikos ke tilg. Vgjikr stuogjts wgrg lmijcy pmssivg cgmrjgrs. _bgywgrg rgspkjsivg tk tbg tgmfbgrs’ ijstruftikjs dut oio jkt mftivgcy tmag rgspkjsidicity ekr tbgir kwjcgmrjijh.
Ij tbg Aijogrhmrtgj, fbicorgj fkllujifmtgo tbgir cgmrjijh gjtbusimstifmccy tk ktbgrs. Xbgj stuogjtswgrg hivgj kppkrtujitigs ekr hrkup wkra, tbgy wkrago fkccmdkrmtivgcy mjo suppkrtgo kjg mjktbgr ijtbgir cgmrjijh gxpgrigjfgs.
Vtuogjts lmog m egw fkjjgftikjs tk jgw mjo prikr cgmrjijh1 bkwgvgr, tbgy oio jkt mcwmys fkjjgfttbg fkjfgpts tbgy stuoigo tk tbg rgmc wkrco.
Vtuogjts mfrkss tbg sfbkkc rmrgcy usgo cgmrjijh tgfbjkckhy tk suppkrt tbgir rgsgmrfb kr ijogpgjogjtwkra. Mfrkss mcc pbmsgs, fritifmc tbijaijh saiccs wgrg ujogrogvgckpgo.
4. Bkw hkko is tbg stuogjts’ pgrskjmc mjo skfimc ogvgckplgjt;
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
^grskjmc rgspkjsidicity Hkko Hkko Hkko Hkko
Mfrkss mcc pbmsgs, stuogjts gxbiditgo lmturg mjo sgjsidcg mttituogs. _bg lm`krity lmog mpprkprimtgogfisikjs mdkut cgmrjijh fbkifgs mjo mpprgfimtgo fritifmc eggodmfa.
Vtuogjts’ dgbmvikr wms ke m hkko stmjomro witb bihb cgvgcs ke sgce-oisfipcijg gviogjt, pmrtifucmrcy ijtbg gcglgjtmry pbmsg.
Ij tbg lm`krity ke fcmssgs, tbgrg wgrg pksitivg rgcmtikjsbips dgtwggj stmee mjo stuogjts. _bg lm`krityke stuogjts oglkjstrmtgo hkko cgvgcs ke fmrg mjo fkjfgrj ekr ktbgrs, ijfcuoijh tbksg witb m spgfimcgoufmtikjmc jggo.
_bg lm`krity ke stuogjts bmo m strkjh fkllitlgjt tk ekcckwijh m bgmctby ciegstycg mjo lmog bgmctbyekko fbkifgs mt sfbkkc.
Vtuogjts’ mttgjomjfg mjo pujftumcity wgrg hkko.
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Wjogrstmjoijh ke Iscmlif
vmcugs mjo mwmrgjgss ke
Glirmti mjo wkrco fucturgs
Hkko Hkko Hkko Hkko
Vtuogjts mfrkss mcc pbmsgs oglkjstrmtgo m hkko cgvgc ke ujogrstmjoijh Iscmlif vmcugs. _bgy bmo msgfurg mwmrgjgss ke tbg ilpmft tbksg bmo kj cieg ij Oudmi.
Vtuogjts wgrg ajkwcgohgmdcg mjo rgspgfteuc ke oieegrgjt fucturgs. _bgy bmo m hkko ajkwcgohg ketbg bgritmhg mjo trmoitikjs ke tbg WMG mjo bkw tbgsg ijecugjfgo fkjtglpkrmry cieg ij Oudmi.
Lkst fbicorgj mjo stuogjts bmo m sgfurg ajkwcgohg mjo mpprgfimtikj ke fucturgs ekujo gcsgwbgrg ij
tbg wkrco.
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=7 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Fkllujity mjo gjvirkjlgjtmc
rgspkjsidicity
Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Mfrkss tbg sfbkkc, stuogjts oglkjstrmtgo mj mffgptmdcg cgvgc ke fmrg ekr tbgir sfbkkc mjo its wiogrfkllujity. Bkwgvgr, tbgy bmo egw kppkrtujitigs tk dg ijvkcvgo ij sfbkkc ogfisikj lmaijh kr tk bmvgtbgir kpijikjs bgmro.
Lkst stuogjts bmo m pksitivg wkra gtbif mjo gj`kygo wkra. Vtuogjts sbkwgo rgspkjsidicity ekr tbg sfbkkc dut wgrg cgss mwmrg ke wiogr gjvirkjlgjtmc issugs.
_bgrg wms cilitgo pmrtifipmtikj ij ijitimtivgs milgo mt ilprkvijh tbg sfbkkc kr wiogr gjvirkjlgjts.
6. Bkw hkko mrg tgmfbijh mjo mssgsslgjt;
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
_gmfbijh ekr geegftivg cgmrjijh Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
Lkst tgmfbgrs wgrg sgfurg ij tbgir sud`gft ajkwcgohg, dut egwgr bmo m hkko ujogrstmjoijh ke tbgtgmfbijh strmtghigs tk gjmdcg mcc stuogjts tk mfbigvg pksitivg cgmrjijh kutfklgs.
Cgsskj pcmjjijh wms tbkrkuhb mjo ijfcuogo mftivitigs tk lggt tbg cgmrjijh jggos ke mcc hrkups kestuogjts. Bkwgvgr, cgmrjijh kd`gftivgs wgrg ketgj jkt euccy lgt ij cgsskjs.
_bg lm`krity ke tgmfbgrs msago qugstikjs tk ogtgrlijg ujogrstmjoijh, dut egw msago qugstikjs tk
fbmccgjhg stuogjts’ tbijaijh. Mfrkss mcc pbmsgs, tbgrg wms ketgj mj ildmcmjfg dgtwggj tbg mlkujtke tgmfbgr tmca mjo stuogjt mftivity. _kk egw gxmlpcgs ke ijogpgjogjt cgmrjijh wgrg kdsgrvgo.
_gmfbgrs rgcigo tkk lufb kj tbg prgsfridgo tgxtdkkas mjo tbgir suppcglgjts. _bgrg wms cilitgo usgke rgskurfgs tk gjrifb tbg stuogjts’ cgmrjijh gxpgrigjfg, gxfgpt ij tbg Aijogrhmrtgj.
Fritifmc tbijaijh, rgecgftikj mjo ijogpgjogjt cgmrjijh wgrg sgcokl kdsgrvgo, tbus rgstriftijh stuogjts’
kppkrtujitigs ekr bihbgr-krogr cgmrjijh.
Ij Mrmdif ms m eirst cmjhumhg, mcc tgmfbgrs wgrg qumcieigo mjo bmo m sgfurg sud`gft ajkwcgohg. Mclkstmcc tgmfbgrs sgt fcgmr cgmrjijh kd`gftivgs, dut tbgir gxpgftmtikjs wgrg tkk ckw, pmrtifucmrcy ekr kcogrstuogjts. Tgskurfgs prkviogo tk suppkrt stuogjt cgmrjijh wgrg jkt sueeifigjtcy oieegrgjtimtgo wbifbsckwgo prkhrgss ke sklg stuogjts. _bg lm`krity ke tgmfbgrs pcmjjgo kppkrtujitigs ekr fkccmdkrmtivgcgmrjijh, dut tbis wms ke cilitgo geegft.
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Mssgsslgjt Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
_bg cmfa ke mffurmtg ijtgrjmc mssgsslgjt systgls mjo prkfgssgs mfrkss mcc pbmsgs prgvgjtgo tbgsfbkkc cgmogrs erkl bmvijh m sgfurg ajkwcgohg ke wbkcg sfbkkc mjo ijoivioumc stuogjt pgrekrlmjfg.
_bg sfbkkc usgo ijtgrjmtikjmc dgjfblmra tgsts tk ogtgrlijg tbg cgvgcs ke mttmijlgjt ke stuogjts ijHrmogs = tk =4 ij agy sud`gfts. Bkwgvgr, tbgrg bmo dggj cilitgo ijtgrvgjtikj lmog tk lmagjgfgssmry ilprkvglgjts tk mttmijlgjt. _bg sfbkkc cmfago m fkbgrgjt wbkcg-sfbkkc strmtghy tkrgspkjo tk tbg WMG Jmtikjmc Mhgjom tk ilprkvg mttmijlgjt ij lmtbglmtifs mjo sfigjfg.
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=5 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Mssgsslgjt omtm wms fkccgftgo1 bkwgvgr, it wms jkt rkdustcy mjmcysgo tk trmfa mjo fkjeirl stuogjtprkhrgss. _bg sfbkkc bmo ygt tk mcihj its ijtgrjmc mssgsslgjt omtm witb ijtgrjmtikjmc dgjfblmra tgstrgsucts.
_gmfbgrs’ usg ke mssgsslgjt omtm ij pcmjjijh wms mffgptmdcg dut jkt mcwmys geegftivg ekr mcc hrkupske stuogjts.
_gmfbgrs bmo m rgmskjmdcg ajkwcgohg ke tbgir stuogjts’ strgjhtbs mjo wgmajgssgs. Bkwgvgr, tbiswms ijfkjsistgjt mfrkss tbg sfbkkc. Kppkrtujitigs ekr stuogjts tk sgce mjo pggr mssgss tbgir wkra wgrgrmrg.
?. Bkw wgcc okgs tbg furrifucul lggt tbg goufmtikjmc jggos ke mcc stuogjts;
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Furrifucul qumcity Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
_bg furrifucul wms drkmo mjo dmcmjfgo mjo ekcckwgo tbg WV Fkllkj Fkrg Vtmtg Vtmjomros mjoFmciekrjimj Vtmtg Vtmjomros. Bkwgvgr, tbgrg wms m cmfa ke fcgmr ogeijitikj ke stmjomros ekr jkj-fkrgsud`gfts.
_bgrg wms sueeifigjt pcmjjijh ekr prkhrgssikj ij lkst sud`gfts1 bkwgvgr, tbis wms jkt fkjsistgjtmfrkss tbg furrifucul.
_bg furrifucul wms cilitgo ms it rgcigo tkk bgmvicy kj tgxtdkkas wbifb rgstriftgo kppkrtujitigs tkijtrkoufg gjrifbijh mspgfts erkl tbg ckfmc Glirmti fkjtgxt. Ij tbg Aijogrhmrtgj, mftivitigs wgrgilmhijmtivg mjo suppkrtgo cgmrjijh.
Fkjjgftikjs dgtwggj sud`gfts wgrg kffmsikjmccy pcmjjgo. Kppkrtujitigs ekr ijogpgjogjt cgmrjijh,
rgsgmrfb mjo fritifmc tbijaijh wgrg ijfkjsistgjt. Tgvigw ke tbg furrifucul wms ujogrtmagj mjjumccy tk iogjtiey hmps, dut tbis bmo jkt cgo tk mj
ilprkvglgjt ij tbg prkvisikj kvgrmcc. _bg sfbkkc bmo iogjtieigo m tmrhgt tk ilprkvg tbg citgrmfy mjojulgrmfy ke dkys, dut cilitgo mftikj bmo dggj tmagj tk moorgss tbis jggo.
Ij Mrmdif ms m eirst cmjhumhg, tbg sfbkkc ekcckwgo tbg Lijistry ke Goufmtikj (LkG) rgquirglgjts ij mccpbmsgs. _bg sfbkkc keegrgo Mrmdif ms m eirst cmjhumhg ij tbg Aijogrhmrtgj. Xggacy huiogo-rgmoijhprkhrmls ij tbg cidrmry gjrifbgo stuogjts’ cgmrjijh. Ij tbg bihb sfbkkc pbmsg, cgmrjijh wms suppkrtgotbrkuhb hrkup oisfussikj wbifb lmog rgegrgjfg tk rgmc cieg situmtikjs.
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg Bihb
Furrifucul ogsihj tk lggt tbg
ijoivioumc jggos ke stuogjts
Wjsmtisemftkry Wjsmtisemftkry Wjsmtisemftkry Wjsmtisemftkry
_bg sfbkkc bmo lmog sklg mo`ustlgjts tk tbg furrifucul, dut tbgrg bmo dggj kjcy cilitgo suffgssij lggtijh tbg jggos ke mcc hrkups ke stuogjts. Ekr gxmlpcg, tbg jggos ke stuogjts witb spgfimcgoufmtikjmc jggos wgrg jkt dgijh fkjsistgjtcy lgt.
_bg furrifucul prkvisikj mcckwgo lkst stuogjts tbg kppkrtujity tk fbkksg erkl m rmjhg ke sud`gfts. Kppkrtujitigs ekr gxtrm-furrifucmr mftivitigs mjo fkllujity cijas wgrg rgstriftgo wbifb cilitgo
stuogjts’ mfmoglif mjo pgrskjmc ogvgckplgjt. _bg sfbkkc prkviogo wggacy eivg cgsskjs ij Mrmdif ms m eirst cmjhumhg ekr fbicorgj ij AH.
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=8 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
7. Bkw wgcc okgs tbg sfbkkc prktgft mjo suppkrt stuogjts;
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg
Bihb
Bgmctb mjo smegty Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
_bg sfbkkc bmo geegftivg pkcifigs mjo prkfgourgs ij pcmfg tk gjsurg tbg smegty ke its stuogjts. Mcc stmeemjo lkst stuogjts wgrg mwmrg ke fbico prktgftikj mrrmjhglgjts. Vtmee bmo dggj trmijgo tk ekcckwmhrggo prkfgourgs. _bg prkfgourgs tk prktgft stuogjts erkl duccyijh mjo gjsurg fydgr smegty wgrgjkt euccy ogvgckpgo.
_rmjspkrt mrrmjhglgjts wgrg rghucmrcy rgvigwgo, mjo prkfgourgs wgrg geeifigjtcy lmjmhgo. _bg lgoifmc fgjtgr lmijtmijgo tbg jgfgssmry ogtmicgo rgfkros. _bgrg wms systglmtif sbmrijh ke
rgcgvmjt lgoifmc ijekrlmtikj witb agy stmee. Lgoifmc suppcigs wgrg stkrgo sgfurgcy. Duicoijhs mjo prglisgs wgrg wgcc lmijtmijgo. Ilprkvglgjts bmo dggj lmog tk prglisgs, ijfcuoijh
lkrg sbmogo mrgms mjo spkrtijh emficitigs. _bg pcmyhrkujo mrgms mjo tbg ekktdmcc eigco wgrg rghucmrcy
fbgfago ekr smegty Bgmctby civijh wms prklktgo mfrkss mcc pbmsgs. Ij tbg Aijogrhmrtgj, fbicorgj cgmrjt tbg ilpkrtmjfg ke
bgmctby ekko fbkifgs. _bgrg wms m drkmo mjo rghucmr prkhrml ekr pbysifmc eitjgss tk prklktg bgmctbycivijh.
AH Gcglgjtmry Lioocg
Bihb
]umcity ke suppkrt Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg Mffgptmdcg
_bg rgcmtikjsbips dgtwggj stmee mjo stuogjts wgrg pksitivg mfrkss tbg sfbkkc.
_bgrg wgrg prkfgourgs tk prklktg sfbkkc mttgjomjfg mjo pujftumcity1 bkwgvgr, tbgsg rglmijgo mtkjcy mj mffgptmdcg cgvgc.
_bg sfbkkc wms ijfcusivg mjo bmo m rmjhg ke dmsif prkfgourgs tk iogjtiey stuogjts witb spgfimcgoufmtikjmc jggos.
_bgrg wms mogqumtg suppkrt ekr stuogjts witb spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggos. Bkwgvgr, tbis wms jktmcwmys geegftivg mfrkss tbg sfbkkc wbifb cgo tk ijfkjsistgjfy ij spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggos’ prkvisikj.
Fmrggrs huiomjfg wms mffgptmdcg mjo wms vmcugo dy lkst stuogjts mjo pmrgjts. _bg suppkrt prkviogoekr trmjsitikj dgtwggj pbmsgs mjo tk tbg jgxt stmhg ke goufmtikj wms mffgptmdcg. Vtuogjts’ wgcemrgwms lmjmhgo wgcc dy tgmfbgrs mjo supgrviskrs.
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=2 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Bkw wgcc okgs tbg sfbkkc prkviog ekr stuogjts witb spgfimc goufmtikjmc jggos;
Kvgrmcc
_bg kvgrmcc geegftivgjgss
ke prkvisikj ekr stuogjts
witb spgfimc goufmtikjmc
jggos
Wjsmtisemftkry
_bg ^rijfipmc mjo sgjikr cgmogrs milgo tk bmvg mj ijfcusivg sfbkkc. Bkwgvgr, tbg qumcity ke prkvisikjwms ijfkjsistgjt mjo oio jkt mcwmys lggt gvgry stuogjts’ cgmrjijh jggos.
_bg sfbkkc usgo m cilitgo rmjhg ke mssgsslgjts tk iogjtiey mjo fcmssiey stuogjts’ jggos. Bkwgvgr,tbg sfbkkc wms fkllittgo tk gmrcy ijtgrvgjtikj mjo tbg Aijogrhmrtgj bmo prkfgourgs ij pcmfg tkmssgss fbicorgj’s oieeifuctigs ij cgmrjijh, ijfcuoijh mjy issugs witb skfimc ijtghrmtikj. Tgegrrmcs wgrglmog tk gxtgrjmc spgfimcists ekr oimhjksis mjo movifg wbgj pmrgjtmc fkjsgjt wms hivgj.
_bg sfbkkc usgo m cilitgo rmjhg ke gviogjfg tk fkjeirl stuogjts’ ijoivioumc jggos wbifb cgo tkijmffurmtg mjo ijfkjsistgjt prkvisikj witbij tbg sfbkkc.
_bg sfbkkc wkrago bmro tk gjsurg tbmt pmrgjts wgrg euccy ijvkcvgo ij tbg gvmcumtikj ke tbgir fbicorgj’sprkhrgss mjo ij tbg ogvgckplgjt mjo rgvigw ke suppkrt prkhrmls. Mcc pmrgjts vmcugo tbgfkllujifmtikj, suppkrt mjo huiomjfg prkviogo dy tbg sfbkkc. _bgy egct wgcc ijekrlgo mjo gxprgssgohrmtituog ekr suppkrt mjo bgcp prkviogo.
_gmfbgrs’ cgsskj pcmjjijh oio jkt fkjsistgjtcy moorgss tbg spgfieif cgmrjijh jggos ke spgfimcgoufmtikjmc jggos’ stuogjts cgmoijh tk ujsmtisemftkry prkhrgss ke tbgsg stuogjts.
5. Bkw hkko mrg tbg cgmogrsbip mjo lmjmhglgjt ke tbg sfbkkc;
Kvgrmcc
_bg geegftivgjgss ke cgmogrsbip Mffgptmdcg
_bg sfbkkc bmo m fcgmr visikj mjo lissikj tbmt bmo dggj sbmrgo witb stmee. _bg sgjikr cgmogrsbip tgmlwgrg dghijjijh tk sgt m lkrg mspirmtikjmc oirgftikj wbgj prklktijh tbg sfbkkc’s visikj.
Vud`gft cgmogrs bmo fcgmr rkcgs mjo mpprkprimtg cgvgcs ke rgspkjsidicity. Lkst sbkwgo m strkjhfkllitlgjt tk tbg sfbkkc mjo tbg ilprkvglgjt ke stuogjt cgmrjijh kutfklgs. M egw tgmfbgrsrgquirgo mooitikjmc prkegssikjmc ogvgckplgjt tk ilprkvg ujogrstmjoijh ke geegftivg tgmfbijh
strmtghigs.
Tghucmr wgcc-okfulgjtgo lggtijhs wgrg prkegssikjmccy lmjmhgo. _bgy wgrg purpksgeuc mjohgjgrmccy prkouftivg. Vtmee bmo mj ilprkvgo ujogrstmjoijh ke wbmt wms rgquirgo ke tbgl1 bkwgvgr,jkt mcc stuogjts sbmrgo tbis mwmrgjgss.
Mcc sgjikr stmee ajgw tbmt ilprkvglgjts wgrg jgfgssmry ij lmjy mspgfts ke tbg sfbkkc’s kpgrmtikjs,mjo lkst bmo sueeifigjt fmpmfity tk pksitivgcy ijecugjfg fbmjhg.
Kvgr tilg, cgmogrs bmo sklg suffgss ij ilprkvijh m cilitgo juldgr ke iogjtieigo rgfkllgjomtikjs.
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=9 Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Kvgrmcc
Vgce-gvmcumtikj mjo ilprkvglgjt pcmjjijh Mffgptmdcg
Vgce-gvmcumtikj prkfgssgs wgrg ij pcmfg wbifb ijvkcvgo m rmjhg ke tgmfbgrs, dut ktbgr stmagbkcogrs
wgrg ygt tk dg ijfkrpkrmtgo. @uohlgjts lmog dy tbg sfbkkc wgrg jkt dmsgo kj m systglmtif, rkdustmjmcysis ke tbg sfbkkc’s omtm wbifb cgo tk hgjgrmccy ogsfriptivg stmtglgjts rmtbgr tbmj sbmrpgvmcumtivg mjmcysis.
_gmfbgr mpprmismc wms gldgoogo witb kjg lkogc usgo ekr mcc pbmsgs ke tbg sfbkkc. Eggodmfa tktgmfbgrs tk suppkrt tbgir fkjtijugo ogvgckplgjt wms mogqumtg. _gmfbgrs wgrg prkviogo witbmooitikjmc prkegssikjmc ogvgckplgjt, dut tbis oio jkt ijfcuog gxtgrjmc prkviogrs wbifb cilitgoijtrkouftikj ke jgw kr oivgrsg strmtghigs.
Ilprkvglgjt pcmjs wgrg dmsgo kj rgfkllgjomtikjs. _bg geegftivgjgss ke pcmjs wms cilitgo ms tbgsgoio jkt spgfiey kutfklgs writtgj ij lgmsurmdcg tgrls. Vud`gft-spgfieif strmtghif pcmjs bmo dggjprkoufgo, dut mt tbg tilg ke ijspgftikj, tbgsg bmo bmo jk ilpmft kj ilprkvijh stuogjt cgmrjijhkutfklgs.
_bg sfbkkc bmo rgspkjogo pksitivgcy tk moorgssijh m juldgr ke rgfkllgjomtikjs erkl tbg prgvikusijspgftikj rgpkrt, dut lmjy ilprkvglgjt strmtghigs wgrg ij tbg gmrcy stmhgs ke ilpcglgjtmtikj.
Kvgrmcc
^mrgjts mjo tbg fkllujity Hkko
^mrgjts wgrg pksitivg mdkut tbg qumcity ke prkvisikj keegrgo dy tbg sfbkkc. _bgy bmo rgfgivgo rghucmrrgpkrts kj prkhrgss dgijh lmog mjo ms m rgsuct fkuco suppkrt tbgir fbicorgj’s cgmrjijh.
^mrgjts egct tbmt tbgy wgrg wgcfklg ij tbg sfbkkc mjo bmo mpprkprimtg mffgss tk sgjikr cgmogrs. _bgsfbkkc wms ij tbg prkfgss ke gstmdcisbijh m pmrgjts’ fkllittgg tk ogvgckp ekrlmc cijas.
Tgpkrtijh kj fbicorgj’s mjo stuogjts’ prkhrgss wms ogtmicgo, mjo writtgj rgpkrts wgrg ekcckwgo dylggtijhs witb tgmfbgrs tk oisfuss jgxt stgps.
_bg sfbkkc wms ogvgckpijh ckfmc fkllujity ijitimtivgs tk prklktg stuogjts’ cijas mjo gxtgjo tbgircgmrjijh.
Kvgrmcc
Hkvgrjmjfg Mffgptmdcg
_bg hkvgrjijh dkmro bmo cilitgo pgrskjjgc. It lgt wbgj rgquirgo mjo fkllujifmtgo kffmsikjmccy tktbg fkllujity tbrkuhb gxistijh sfbkkc cijas. It oio jkt mftivgcy sgga tbg vigws ke its stmagbkcogrs._bgrg wms jk ekrlmc kppkrtujity ekr pmrgjts kr stuogjts tk bmvg tbgir vkifg bgmro.
_bg dkmro wms dghijjijh tk gvmcumtg tbg sfbkkc’s mfmoglif pgrekrlmjfg. Tgpkrts kj stuogjt
pgrekrlmjfg erkl tbg sfbkkc wgrg tkk ijergqugjt. Ms m rgsuct hkvgrjkrs, oio jkt rihkrkuscy bkco tbgsfbkkc tk mffkujt ekr its kutfklgs kr its mftikjs.
_bg dkmro bmo suppkrtgo tbg sfbkkc tbrkuhb tbg ilprkvgo prkvisikj ke emficitigs, mooitikjmc stmeetrmijijh mjo ilprkvgo cgmrjijh tgfbjkckhy rgskurfgs. _bg dkmro bmo gjsurgo tbmt tbg sfbkkc wmsjkw fklpcimjt ekr Mrmdif ms m eirst cmjhumhg.
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4> Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Kvgrmcc
Lmjmhglgjt, stmeeijh, emficitigs mjo rgskurfgs Mffgptmdcg
_bg lmjmhglgjt ke tbg omy-tk-omy kpgrmtikjs ke tbg sfbkkc wms geegftivg mjo geeifigjt. Vtmee mjo
stuogjts ajgw wbmt wms rgquirgo ke tbgl ourijh mssgldcigs mjo wbicg ij fcmss. Vtmee wgrg mpprkprimtgcy qumcieigo mfmoglifmccy mjo geegftivgcy ogpckygo. Mcc bmo `kd ogsfriptikjs1
bkwgvgr, tbgsg wgrg jkt mcc ogtmicgo kr fklpcgtg. Kjcy m lijkrity ke aijogrhmrtgj tgmfbgrs bmompprkprimtg qumcieifmtikjs tk tgmfb gmrcy ygmrs’ fbicorgj.
_bg prglisgs wgrg suitmdcg mjo lgt tbg goufmtikjmc jggos ke mclkst mcc stuogjts. _bg cidrmry wmsmpprkprimtgcy stkfago witb mj mpprkprimtg rmjhg ke cgmrjijh rgskurfgs, ijfcuoijh rgmoijh ekr pcgmsurg.
Fcmssrkkl cgmrjijh rgskurfgs, ijfcuoijh cgmrjijh tgfbjkckhy tk suppkrt rgsgmrfb mjo ijogpgjogjtcgmrjijh wgrg cilitgo.
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4= Ijtgrjmtikjmc Mfmoglif Vfbkkc - Ijspgftikj Tgpkrt 4>=?-4>=7
Xbmt mrg tbg vigws ke tbg ^rijfipmc, pmrgjts, tgmfbgrs mjo stuogjts;
Dgekrg tbg ijspgftikj, tbg vigws ke tbg ^rijfipmc, pmrgjts, tgmfbgrs mjo sgjikr sgfkjomry stuogjts wgrgsurvgygo. Agy lgssmhgs erkl gmfb hrkup wgrg fkjsiogrgo ourijh tbg ijspgftikj mjo tbgsg bgcpgo tk ekrlijspgftikj `uohlgjts. M sullmry ke tbg survgy stmtistifs mjo fkllgjts erkl tbksg wbk rgspkjogo tk tbgsurvgy ekcckws0
Tgspkjsgs tk tbg survgys
Tgspkjsgs rgfgivgo Juldgr ^grfgjtmhg
^mrgjts
_bis ygmr =7? =8%
Cmst ygmr =>> =5%
_gmfbgrs 84 2=%
Vtuogjts 8? 2>%
M lijkrity ke pmrgjts, mclkst mcc tgmfbgrs mjo lkst stuogjts rgspkjogo tk tbgir survgys. Lkst pmrgjts ij tbgir survgys wgrg bmppy witb tbg qumcity ke goufmtikj keegrgo dy tbg sfbkkc,
pmrtifucmrcy ij Gjhcisb, lmtbglmtifs mjo sfigjfg. _bgy egct tbmt tgmfbijh wms hkko, mjo tbgrg wmshkko ogvgckplgjt ke tbgir fbicorgj’s cgmrjijh saiccs.
M lijkrity ke pmrgjts egct tbgir fbicorgj wgrg jkt lmaijh hkko prkhrgss ij Mrmdif ms m eirst Cmjhumhg.M egw pmrgjts fkllgjtgo tbmt tbgir fbicorgj wgrg jkt lmaijh hkko prkhrgss ij Mrmdif ms mjmooitikjmc cmjhumhg.
_bg lm`krity ke pmrgjts egct tbmt tbgrg wgrg mj mpprkprimtg rmjhg ke rgskurfgs, ijfcuoijh cgmrjijhtgfbjkckhy mjo m sueeifigjtcy wiog rmjhg ke sud`gfts mjo gxtrm-furrifucmr mftivitigs ekr tbgir fbicorgjtk fbkksg erkl.
M lijkrity ke pmrgjts mjo tgmfbgrs bmo fkjfgrjs mdkut stuogjt smegty. Jkt mcc stuogjts wgrg smtiseigo witb tbg qumcity ke goufmtikj mvmicmdcg mt tbg sfbkkc, mctbkuhb lkst
egct tbgy wgrg lmaijh hkko prkhrgss ij Gjhcisb, lmtbglmtifs mjo sfigjfg.
*_bg pgrfgjtmhg ke rgspkjsgs erkl pmrgjts is dmsgo kj tbg juldgr ke emlicigs.
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Xbmt bmppgjs jgxt;
_bg sfbkkc bms dggj msago tk prgpmrg mjo sudlit mj mftikj pcmj tk OVID witbij twk lkjtbs ke rgfgivijh
tbg ijspgftikj rgpkrt. _bis sbkuco moorgss0
rgfkllgjomtikjs erkl OVID
mrgms iogjtieigo dy tbg sfbkkc ms rgquirijh ilprkvglgjt ktbgr gxtgrjmc rgpkrts kr skurfgs ke ijekrlmtikj tbmt fkllgjt kj tbg wkra ke tbg sfbkkc prikritigs mrisijh erkl tbg sfbkkc’s ujiqug fbmrmftgristifs.
_bg jgxt sfbkkc ijspgftikj wicc rgpkrt kj fbmjhgs lmog dy tbg sfbkkc.
Oudmi Vfbkkcs Ijspgftikj Durgmu
Ajkwcgohg mjo Bulmj Ogvgckplgjt Mutbkrity
Bkw tk fkjtmft us
Ie yku bmvg m fkjfgrj kr wisb tk fkllgjt kj mjy mspgft ke tbis rgpkrt, yku sbkuco fkjtmft
ijspgftikjNabom.hkv.mg
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