Jesse TempelJesse Tempel
History of Photography TimelineHistory of Photography Timeline
Digital PhotographyDigital Photography
Mr. WissingMr. Wissing
Second Semester - 2010Second Semester - 2010
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EVENTS COORDINATOR
Time Era:
Before 1850
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5TH – 4TH CENTURIES B.C
Chinese And Greek philosophers described they basic principles of optics and the camera.
1664 – 1666 Isaac Newton discovers that
white light is actually composed of lots of different colors.
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1727
Johann Heinrich was a very accomplished man who studied medicine, chemistry, philosophy, theology, and taught astronomy at the colleges of Hale and Altdorf. In the year of 1724 he conducted an experiment of which showed that silver and chalk reflected less light then untarnished silvers. The experiment also showed that the salts continued to darken when unprotected form light. While this experiment never exceeded a real preserved image it did set the foundation for one.
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1837
Louis Daquerre had been trying since the mid-1820’s to capture and make a permanent picture. While he had success in his quest it was not until 1838 that he felt comfortable showing people his invention, which was called the daguerreotype. This type of camera was the first ever that made a permanent image that did not fade, and it only needed 30minutes to become exposed. To make this happen a negative image was exposed on a mirror polished surface of metal that was coated with iodine. Then the negative was soaked in silver halide particles. The negative image then became a positive one and ba-da-bing a picture
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1841 In 1841 William Henry
Talbot patented the calotype. This camera was the first of its type to offer multiple copies of an image. The negative images from this camera were soaked in a garlic acid solution to create a latent image. Then the negatives were taken out of the garlic solution and they had access amounts of silver iodine on them the iodine was washed away and the positive image appeared.
Jesse TempelJesse Tempel
ManufacturerManufacturer
Pre 1850Pre 1850
Jesse TempelJesse Tempel
Jewel Box CameraJewel Box Camera
1816, Joseph 1816, Joseph Nicephore NiepceNicephore Niepce
Created camera from Created camera from a jewel box a jewel box
Had a simple lensHad a simple lens
Made a negative Made a negative imageimage
Jesse TempelJesse Tempel
Talbot’s MousetrapTalbot’s Mousetrap
1834, Fox Talbot1834, Fox Talbot
Experimented with silver chloride coated Experimented with silver chloride coated paper to get negativespaper to get negatives
Uses “mousetrap” camera to take first Uses “mousetrap” camera to take first negativenegative
Jesse TempelJesse Tempel
The Daguerreotype
1837, Louis Daguerre1837, Louis Daguerre
Dauguerreotype, took fixed images, under Dauguerreotype, took fixed images, under 30 minutes exposure to light.30 minutes exposure to light.
Jesse TempelJesse Tempel
Picture PermanencePicture Permanence
1839, Sir John 1839, Sir John HerschelHerschel
Sodium hyposulfiteSodium hyposulfite
Made pictures Made pictures permanentpermanent
Japheth Hartmann
Japheth Hartmann
The pictures in this time period were actually very clear. They were all in black and white though. They were clear because of the chemicals used.
Japheth Hartmann
The pictures were very expensive before the 1850’s. They were expensive because they had to use a lot chemicals to make just one picture. Most people couldn’t get pictures of themselves because of the price of them.
Japheth Hartmann
The pictures would also fade very easily. The chemicals that the pictures were made out of made the pictures fade easily. It is very rare the find a picture in this time period in good condition.
Japheth Hartmann
It was very hard to make copies of pictures. It was easier to just take separate pictures then to try to make copies of them.
Japheth Hartmann
Photography greatly increased during the 1800’s. Some of the inventions that took place during this era changed the photography world forever.
Ashley Jensen
Photographers before 1850
Ashley Jensen
Sir John Herschel
• Used the first term of photography in 1839• First invented by de la Roche (1729-1774)• Before this was they used canvas with a sticky
coating• Processes had been known for quite some
time• It wasn’t until the 2 chemicals were put
together that photography was in in existence
Ashley Jensen
Robert Boyle
• Found that silver chloride turned dark in light but was thought that it was do to air not light.
• Angelo Sala found in the early 17th century that sliver turned black in the sun
• Johann Heninrich Schulze discovered in 1727 that certain liquids turned colors in sunlight.
Ashley Jensen
Niepce
• Created the first picture in June or July 1827 using material that harden after being exposed to light
• This picture needed eight hours of exposure time
Jesse Tempel
1850 - 1900
Jesse Tempel
There weren’t many different kinds of pictures taken in the years of 1850 through the 1900’s. The pictures taken were usually taken of buildings and other structures. There were also a lot of pictures taken of usually, groups of people. The quality of the pictures is not extravagant. They were mostly shot in black and white and sepia colors.
Jesse Tempel
One of the main focuses in the pictures from the 1850’s through the 1900’s was pictures of buildings and structures. The pictures from different cultures show what some of the structures in those places looked like. The buildings in these pictures has changed dramatically and we now know they’ve changed because we can compare the older pictures to recent pictures.
-A view of Constantinople, taken in 1855 by, James Robertson and Felice Beato.
-This is a picture of Poongee Kyoung, Burma. It was photographed in 1880 by and unknown artist.
Karlee Bourke
Jesse Tempel
Another main focus of photographers in the 1850’s through the 1900’s, was people. The people in these pictures, as you may have noticed, are not smiling. When they took pictures back then, it took a long time for the picture to develop, and that would have been a long time to keep that smile on. Now, thank goodness, it only takes a matter of a few seconds to take a picture. I also noticed when looking at these pictures that they were taken in larger groups.
-This picture is a part of the Java Collection and was taken in 1870.
-Elephant of his highness Sir Madho Singhji Bahadur, Maharaja of Jaipur and retainers at a gate of the outer palace courtyard, Jaipur. This was taken in 1890.
Karlee Bourke
Jesse Tempel
The pictures taken during this time had pretty good resolution. They were mostly in black and white and a few had a sepia tone. You could really tell that these photos have been aged. Now photos that we take will last a little longer than those taken back in the early 19th century. The photographs taken were surprisingly pretty clear. Although, they still were a little fuzzy because they had only just begun to develop the camera.
-This was photographed in 1880 by William J. Johnson.
-This is a picture of Indian dancing girls in 1990 by an unknown photographer.
-This was taken in 1855 by Linnaeus Tripe and is a picture of Amerapoora, at the corner of Mygabboodee-tee Kyoung.
Karlee Bourke
Jesse Tempel
Photographers & Inventors!
…of the 1850s & early 1900s.
Jesse Tempel
Napoleon Sarony. (1821-1896)
Implemented the practice of paying well-known individuals (celebrities, etc) to pose for him and then retaining the rights to sell their photos for profit.
Jesse Tempel
George Eastman.(1854-1932) In 1888, he invented dry,
transparent, and flexible, photographic film (or rolled photography film).
Was an avid photographer and eventually became the founder of the Eastman ‘Kodak’ company.
Jesse Tempel
William James Stillman. (1828-1901) Famous for “Greek landscape and the modern
Greek context of ancient ruins, his work showed a modern sensibility for their time, a way of seeing utterly different from the commercial photography of Greeks and foreigners, whose photographs tended to cater to the set expectations of the touristic market. “
One of the first foreign photographers to photograph his foreign land to incoming to tourists.
Jesse Tempel
The Kodak Brownie.(1894-1899) Sold for one dollar, one hundred
thousand were purchased in the first year alone.
One of the very first cameras that lead to the advancement in photography and further inventions.
Looked like a little brown box, with all the picture options located right next to the lens, and a single hand strap on the side.
Jesse Tempel
Jesse Tempel
The civil war began in Fort Sumter, South Carolina. The civil war was the first war to have pictures taken of it.
Matthew Brady was one of the most popular photographers of that time.
Robert E Lee
Jesse Tempel
The city of Chicago is almost destroyed in a deadly fire.
Edison invents the incandescent light bulb.
Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone.
Jesse Tempel
George Eastman takes a patent and the first Kodak box cameras are sold in 1888.
James A. Garfield is shot in the back on July 2, 1881.
Jesse Tempel
Thomas Edison patents a first motion picture camera the “kinetoscope” which can show a movie to one person at a time.
January 9 – X-rays are first used to treat breast cancer.
Utah becomes a state in 1896
Jesse Tempel
1901-1950
Mikayla Knudsen
Manufacturer1901-1950
By Mikayla Knudsen
Mikayla Knudsen
Process
In 1901 the box roll-film camera was introduced by Kodak.– The roll-film was when
the film was protected from light exposure by a paper backing rather than the cartridge that had previously been used.
Mikayla Knudsen
Lenses
At this time they used waterhouse stop lenses.
– They had a small whole in the center of the tab. They were oblong and rough along the edge.
– Invented by John Waterhouse
Mikayla Knudsen
Cost?
Kodak cameras costed about $20 in 1910
This was about the time that cameras started becoming available to the general public.
Mikayla Knudsen
Developing Photos
During this time there were 2 ways for people to get their photos developed– They could have sent their camera to Kodak to
get their pictures developed, printed, and film reloaded
– They also could have done it themselves by developing them in a dark room, but very few did this because they didn’t know how or didn’t have to tools necessary to do so.
Selena Sermeno
Events1901-1950
By Selena Sermeno
Selena Sermeno
1904
Chemical Emulsion Colour Sensitivity This was used to change the color of
the picture. There was also black and white printing Also Creating Reversal Images from
Colour Slide Film
Selena Sermeno
1912
Colour coupling, so dyes required for colour film processing could be created by combining appropriate developer oxidation products with colour former chemicals.
Wasn’t reliable to start film process
Selena Sermeno
1924
Picture film was invented. It was called the Leica, it
made a new form of photojournalism possible.
It was the first precision 35mm camera.
Selena Sermeno
1947
A guy invented “instant” picture process, 1st called Polariod land.
The special camera sandwiched the exposed negative with a receiving positive paper and spread the processing chemicals between the two
After that the two negative and positive paper were peeled apart.
Rachel Nichelsen
Inventors/Photographers1901 -1950
Rachel Nichelsen
Dr. Edwin Land - 1947
• Invented an “instant” picture process called Polaroid Land. This camera sandwiched the exposed negative with a receiving positive paper and spread the processing chemicals between the two, after processing these were peeled apart.
Rachel Nichelsen
Cecil Beaton – 1904 to 1980
• He was most famous for his fashion photography. He worked for Vogue Magazine until the mid 1950’s.
Rachel Nichelsen
Henri Cartier-Bresson 1908 - 2004
• Bresson is associated with the “decisive moment” which captures the precise moment of interest in his images of people. He was also a founder member of Magnum in the 1930’s.
Rachel Nichelsen
Horst P. Horst 1906 - 1999
• Horst was a famous fashion photographer. He worked for Vogue magazine in 1931. While photographing fashion he paid close attention to detail, geometric arrangements and lighting.
Jesse Tempel
1951-1985
Jessica Gross
Manufacturer
1951-1985
Jessica Gross
Improvements
1951- still cameras get their first built in flash units
Film rolls were used
Jessica Gross
You had to manually set the aperture and shutter speed.
Jessica Gross
Taking the Picture
To take picture, you pull the small lever back and let it spring forward. Light is let in and is captured on the film.
Jessica Gross
Developing Pictures
Pictures were developed when the picture films were taken to a dark room.
Karissa FialaKarissa FialaKarissa Fiala
Karissa FialaKarissa Fiala
•The Korean War was going on during 1950-1953.
•David Douglas Duncan published a book that contained Korean war images. This is War!
•First Aerial photograph recorded by Nadar from a balloon.
•Nikon F introduced.
Karissa FialaKarissa Fiala
•National Geographic published their first color issue in February.
•Brady began shooting his famous Civil War photos.
• First color instant film developed by Polaroid; Instamatic released by Kodak; first purpose-built underwater introduced, the Nikonos
•Photograph of the Earth from the moon.
•Polaroid introduces instant color film.
Karissa FialaKarissa Fiala
•William Wegman begins photographing his Weimaraner, Man Ray.
•110-format cameras introduced by Kodak with a 13x17mm frame.
•C-41 color negative process introduced, replacing C-22.
•Nicholas Nixon takes his first annual photograph of his wife and her sisters: "The Brown Sisters"; Steve Sasson at Kodak builds the first working CCD-based digital still camera.
Karissa FialaKarissa Fiala
•Kodak introduces disk camera, using an 8x11mm frame (the same as in the Minox spy camera)
•Sony demonstrates Mavica "still video" camera
•Minolta markets the world's first auto focus SLR system (called "Maxxum" in the US); In the American West by Richard Avedon.
•Canon demonstrates first digital electronic still camera.
Ethan Damman
Picture Person
1951-1985
Ethan Damman
50’s- Early 60’s
Photographs in order "to see what the world looks like in photographs." This era’s photographers had a particular fondness for visual puns and tilted exposures, the images belie a mastery of the 35mm camera and a seriously innovative point of view
Ethan Damman
Late 60’s-70’s
Ethan Damman
80-85
• Night-time projections of symbolically charged imagery onto the facades of museums, public buildings, and corporate headquarters. The infamous "culture wars" that raged at the end of the decade
Jesse Tempel
1986 – Present Day
Lauren Johnson
Inventors and Photographers
1986 – Now
Lauren Johnson
Lauren Johnson
Steven Sasson
Credited in inventing the first digital camera His original prototype weighed 8 pounds, recorded
black and white images to a cassette tape, had a resolution of 0.01 megapixel and took 23 seconds to capture its first image
He issued a US patent for the digital camera and Eastman Kodak was the first company to develop a megapixel digital camera in 1986
Lauren Johnson
Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith
They designed the first Charge Coupled Device (CCD) in 1969 but a working version was just produced in 2009
The CCD has become the bedrock the digital imaging revolution including digital photography and video
The CCD also transforms patterns of light into useful digital information
Lauren Johnson
Advanced Photo System (APS)
It uses a cassette which holds 24 mm wide film on a base which has a magnetic data strip as well as fine grained emulsion
When the film is being developed automatic handling mechanisms locate the correct frames and determines the required print format from the data strip
After processing the film is rewound into the cassette and a digitally mastered index print of all the frames is created as a reference for reordering
Lauren Johnson
Bob Carlos Clarke (1950 - 2006)
He went to study graphics at the West Sussex College of Art
He later received an MA from the Royal College of Art
Since then he has worked as a photographer covering advertising work as well as personal assignments
Lauren Johnson
John Claridge (1944 - )
He left school at fifteen to work for the McCann Erickson Agency
He set up his own photography studio at the age of 19
He is best known for his highly individual and atmospheric advertising work
He has also created two films and several books
Kyrie KnickerbockerKyrie Knickerbocker
1986-Present day1986-Present day
Manufacturer- How pictures Manufacturer- How pictures were taken and how they were taken and how they
were produced.were produced.
Kyrie KnickerbockerKyrie Knickerbocker
When Cameras Were Invented When Cameras Were Invented and What Chemicals were usedand What Chemicals were used• Leo Hendrik Baekeland invented Velox Leo Hendrik Baekeland invented Velox
photographic paper in 1893 and Bakelite photographic paper in 1893 and Bakelite in 1907, an inexpensive, nonflammable, in 1907, an inexpensive, nonflammable,
versatile, and very popular plasticversatile, and very popular plastic. . • Fuji introduced the disposable camera in Fuji introduced the disposable camera in
1986 1986
• November 2000 Sharp and J-Phone November 2000 Sharp and J-Phone introduced the first camera-phone in introduced the first camera-phone in Japan.Japan.
Kyrie KnickerbockerKyrie Knickerbocker
LensesLenses
• Mamiya C220 Twin lens Reflex Camera w/ 80 mm Mamiya C220 Twin lens Reflex Camera w/ 80 mm lenses 1968lenses 1968
• Canon T90 was the last professional-level manual-focus camera from Canon and last professional and last professional camera to use the Canon FD lens mount.camera to use the Canon FD lens mount.
• Was the first T90 Canon to support through-the-Was the first T90 Canon to support through-the-lens flash metering. lens flash metering.
Kyrie KnickerbockerKyrie Knickerbocker
Cost and who were they Cost and who were they available to available to • The Apple QuickTake The Apple QuickTake
camera, a home use digital camera, a home use digital camera is launched. Kodak camera is launched. Kodak and others in quick and others in quick succession during 1995 succession during 1995 -’96. -’96.
• One of the most expensive One of the most expensive cameras now is Canon EOS cameras now is Canon EOS 5D Mark II SLR Digital 5D Mark II SLR Digital Camera-$2365Camera-$2365
Taylor Kumm
Taylor Kumm
• 1986: Fuji is credited with the development of the first disposable single use camera.
• 1990: Kodak introduces photo CD’s. With this development the photo industry became more user friendly.
• 1990: Photoshop 1.0 is introduced.
Taylor Kumm
• 1994: The first consumer oriented color digital camera is released (Apple QuickTake 100) It retailed at 1,000.
• 1999: The first digital SLR camera is designed and manufactured by a single camera company. It was 2.7 megapixels.
Taylor Kumm
• 2000: Camera Phone introduced in Japan
• 2003: Digital camera sales exceeded film camera sales.
• 2004: Kodak ceases production of film cameras.
Taylor Kumm
Canon EOS 5D Mark II (body only)
Canon EOS 5D Mark II (body only)
Nikon D5000
Nikon D5000
Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF1
Canon PowerShot S90
Kodak EasyShare Z915
Kelsey Christensen
Picture Person
Kelsey Christensen
1986-Now
Kelsey Christensen
Camera Settings
Wide variety of settings on the cameraView pictures on camera right awayChoices of color or black and white or
SepiaSelf timer on cameraDirect transfer from camera to computer
with a cord
Kelsey Christensen
Types of Photos
Landscapes People and
Landscapes Portraits of people People in action Objects
Kelsey Christensen
Characteristics of Photos
Clear photosMedia and advertising are favorite
subjectsPhotography now is wide open, you can
take pictures of just about everythingAlmost all pictures are taken in colorAlterations can be made with photoshop
Kelsey Christensen
Uses of photos
Printed for personal use
Uploaded on computers
Printed on CDs Christmas cards Invitations Wallets
Kelsey Christensen
Popular Photos
Pictures of animals Pictures for
magazines Celebrations and
events Family events or
reunions Senior pictures
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