A dense region within the bacterial cell where the chromosome is found
Question
What is the nucleoid region?
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In the true bacteria this is an essential component of the cell wall
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What is peptidoglycan?
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An antibiotic that interferes with the crosslinking of the bacterial cell wall
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What is penicillin?
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A gelatinous substance that provides cells with additional protection from host immune responses
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What is the capsule?
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These are resistant cells that are formed by some bacteria and are capable of surviving harsh adverse condition.
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What are Endospores?
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• Bacteria that break down organic material and have a role in digesting sewage and oil
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What are decomposers?
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A class of mutants that requires the presence of specific organic nutrients for their growth
Double JEOPARDY Question
What are auxotrophs?
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A term used to describe materials that are inert to decomposition by microorganisms
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What is non-biodegradable?
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The process that takes nitrogen gas (N2) and assimilates it into organic material
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• What is nitrogen fixation?
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These are organisms that will use oxygen but can use fermentation in its absence
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What are facultative anaerobes?
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Domain that contains all of the “extremophiles”
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What are the Archaea?
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Molecule used as the gold standard for the identification and classification of all living organisms
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What is SSU*-rRNA?
ssu-rRNA - small subunit ribosomal RNA. In prokaryotes this is the 16s RNA
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Free living symbionts that are found in the roots of leguminous plants
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What is Rhizobium?
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Intracellular parasites that is the most common cause of blindness in the world and also causes nongonococcal urethritis, the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States
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What is Chlamydia?
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A group of prokaryotes that might have undergone endo-symbiotic events leading to the chloroplasts
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What are the cyanobacteria?
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A soluble protein excreted by a microorganism that can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism
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• What is an exotoxin?
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Four criteria which are used to connect a pathogen with a specific disease
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• What are Koch’s postulates?
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A disease that is only caused by a certain bacteria when it is carrying a bacteriophage
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What is Diptheria?
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The organism that causes anthrax
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What is Bacillus anthracis?
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Organisms usually associated with individuals which become pathogens when the host’s immune system fails
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What are opportunists?
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Term that refers to the uptake of naked DNA
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What is transformation?
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The mechanism by which foreign DNA integrates into or exchanges parts with a host chromosome
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What is homologous recombination?
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A viral infection that results in the production of a prophage
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What is a lysogen?
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The transfer of genetic material between bacteria through direct cell-to-cell contact
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What is conjugation?
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Term used to describe a plasmid or phage that integrates into the host chromosome