Japanese InternmentJapanese Internment1942-19451942-1945
Standard 11.7Standard 11.7
Students analyze America’s participation in World War II.
Introduction to the Introduction to the Japanese InternmentJapanese Internment
Part I
Differences associated with the Differences associated with the JapaneseJapanese
Issei - first generationNisei - second generationNikkei - people placed in the campsKibei - people who go to Japan and
then return to U. S.
People Associated with People Associated with the Japanese Internmentthe Japanese Internment
Franklin Delano Roosevelt - signed the Executive Order 9066
General John De Witt handled the internment of Japanese
FDRFDR
General De WittGeneral De Witt
Reasons for disliking the Reasons for disliking the Asians in the 1800'sAsians in the 1800's
Racial hatred for the Asians who arrived to work for the railroads and mining companies
Chinese worked for low wages & lived in poor living conditions.
Reasons for disliking the Reasons for disliking the Asians in the 1800'sAsians in the 1800's
• They accepted horrible working conditions in order to keep working in the United States
Union workers considered them scabs because they replaced American workers who refused to cooperative with owners.
Racist laws against the Racist laws against the AsiansAsiansChinese could not testify in courtpeople who were white could only
receive citizenshipThe Gentlemen's Agreement-
stopped Asian immigration into the United States in the 1880’s.
Racist laws against the Racist laws against the AsiansAsians San Francisco's school board ordered that
all Asian children be allowed to attend public schools, but could not associate with other children.
Japanese children could not retain their dual citizenship. The parents had to make a choice within 14 days of the child's birth.
Racist laws against the Racist laws against the AsiansAsiansNisei people tried to adapt into the
American culture, but were denied employment and education.
Racist laws against the Racist laws against the AsiansAsians
With the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, racist laws were passed such as curfews for anyone who looked Asian.
Placement in CampsPlacement in Camps
Part II
Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066
President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered all Japanese to be placed in camps.
U. S. feared that the Japanese would threaten America's safety
Japanese needed to register with Wartime Civil Control Administration.
Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066
Japanese could only take what they could carry & had one week to dispose of their belongs which were: personal artifacts Houses Farms factories
Japanese relocation campsJapanese relocation camps
Relocation Authority was responsible for building the 10 relocation camps. The security was prison-like.
Japanese relocation campsJapanese relocation camps
Famous camps Mayer, Arizona Santa Anita,
California Manzanar, California Potson, Washington Other camps were in
Arkansas, Wyoming, and Utah
Life in the CampsLife in the Camps
Part III
Life in the CampsLife in the Camps
organized like army barracks, however five families had to live in one barrack or horse stable.
communal bathrooms, eating halls and no privacy
Life in the CampsLife in the Camps
men received 50 cents a day in food rations
women received 39 cents a day in food rations
Life in the campsLife in the camps
camps were guarded 24 hours a day and people needed permission to leave their barracks
after being in the camps, Japanese began to establish the following: schools religious centers political councils
Legal IssuesLegal Issues
Part IV
LoyaltyLoyalty
questionnaires were used to prove one's loyalty
they had to prove that they would defend the United States
some people renounced their Citizenship on protest of the horrible treatment in the camps
LoyaltyLoyalty
in 1959, the courts gave the Japanese their citizenship back
the 442nd battalion, which was made up of Japanese-Americans, was highly decorated for their bravery during World War II.
Supreme Court CasesSupreme Court Cases
Korematsu v. United States ruled that the camps were military necessities.
Takao v. United States ruled that Asians could not be citizens because they were not protected under the law; it only applied to whites and Blacks.
Supreme Court CasesSupreme Court Cases
Hirabayashi v. United States ruled that it was legal to have curfew for the Japanese because of public safety. The Japanese were potentially dangerous.
Endo v. United States ruled that civilians should not be placed in camps. Within a couple months, the Japanese were released.
Life after the Life after the internmentinternment
Part V
Returning home from the Returning home from the campscamps possessions were stolen businesses were sold without permission friends refused to return possessions Japanese American Evacuation Claims
Act handled claims inefficiently needed proper documentation to file claims
but had difficulty in obtaining them very little money was given back
Returning home from the Returning home from the campscampspoor blacks took over homes and
jobs from the Japanesethere were very few job openings or
business opportunitiesJapanese were victims of physical
abuse
Attempts to return to Attempts to return to normalcynormalcydifficulty in seeking workmost jobs for the Japanese were
gardening and domestic workwar veterans sought recognition that
they deserved
Attempts to return to Attempts to return to normalcynormalcy many moved to suburbs and into the
middle class neighborhoods Asian teachers were hired in the LA
school system (shut out before the war) considered "model minorities" because
they did not participate in the civil rights movement or the Vietnam protests (they did not want to cause problems)
Seeking redress for being Seeking redress for being in the campsin the campsPresident Ford revoked Executive
Order 9066 and said it was wrong & demanded compensation and an apology
Civil Liberties Act (1988) was signed by President Reagan. It ordered money compensation for the Japanese.
Seeking redress for being Seeking redress for being in the campsin the campscourts overturned previous 1940's
casesJapanese received $20,000 in
compensation
Top Related