Japan TsunamisJapan Tsunamis Over 195 tsunamis in 1,313 years – 1 event every 6.73 years.Over 195 tsunamis in 1,313 years – 1 event every 6.73 years.
Sept 20, 1498 ~8.6 M earthquake
Great Buddha of Kamakura cast in bronze in 1252, 103 tons, 44 feet high, eyes 3 feet apart, located at 50 feet ASL and ½ mile from shore.
Buddha moved by tsunami from its original site and temple destroyed.
3/1/19733/1/1973
Ancient Tsunami Markers
3/11/2011 Earthquake - 3/11/2011 Earthquake - CalTech CalTech
Japan Trench where subducting Pacific Plate is overridden by Okhotsk Plate.
Fault slip 8-meter contours – 50 m max uplift –
250 km length, with 50-100 km over 30 m uplift
“Instead of saying a large earthquake wouldn’t happen there, we should have said we didn’t know.” – Hiroo Kanamori
Deep ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
1.8 m High, ~10 min period
450 NM NE Tokyo, 5685 m deep
Tsunami caused by uplift of the frontal sedimentary region on eastern margin as the island of Honshu moved 17 feet eastward.
Uplift of ~25 meters
Death Toll 15,093 - 5/17/2011
Missing 9,093
Total 24,186
In Shelters 115,433
PMEL Source
.
6.7 meter (22 ft) high Tsunamiin 204 m deep ocean at Iwate GPS Gauge
Yamazaki/Cheung UH source for TsunamiMax 25 meter uplift, -2.8 ft depression
Run-Up Run-Up along along coast coast
Highest Highest 37.9 37.9
meters =meters =124 feet124 feet
Red circle: run-up heightRed circle: run-up height
Tsunami Water Levels - Blue Triangle - Run-up Height
Miyako Tsunami Barrier Miyako Tsunami Barrier
Tsunami Height – 11.5 meter, Seawall 7.6 meterRun-up heights of 19.5 and 25.5 meter, Over roof of 4th floor building near coast
Miyako Tsunamihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voBsihraeRO&NR=1
WhirlpoolWhirlpool
Natori wave strikes homes
901 dead, 145 missing
NatoriNatori
Kesennuma
Tsunami height 12 meter near Sendai airport9 meter near fishing port
Tsunami Heights 9.10-14.7 meters, 16-22 meter run-up930 dead, 604 missing
8.5 meter tsunami 8.5 meter tsunami height at Miyako height at Miyako
tide gauge , tide gauge , 412 dead, 355 412 dead, 355
missingmissing
8.0 meter at 8.0 meter at OfunatoOfunato
near Tsunami near Tsunami sourcesource
314 dead, 150 314 dead, 150 missingmissing
Rescue from RoofRescue from Roof
People on Beer Factory Roof
KamaishiKamaishi7-9 meter tsunami height
937 dead, 508 missing
Sendia Sendia AirportAirport
Sendai AirportSendai Airport
Sendia Airport 3rd floor
ArahamArahamaa
9.3 meter tsunami height
FujitsuhFujitsuhaa
IshinomaIshinomakiki
5 meter in Harbor16 m runup Ogachi-machi2964 dead, 2770 missing
OshikaOshika
KashimaKashima
4.22 meter and 5.2 meter tsunami height at Kashima Port
Helicopter Views of Helicopter Views of Japan TsunamiJapan Tsunami
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZpFzgUFjho
Japan Tsunami Flooding Japan Tsunami Flooding KesennumaKesennuma
http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=c3rqPPJPwLg
RikuzentakRikuzentakataata
The coastline has been totally reshaped. A long barrier beach with well-vegetated land is almost completely gone. North of that flood water sits on agricultural fields.A 6.5 meter high sea wall was overtopped by a 13 meter high wave, 80% of 8,000 houses were swept away. Over 18,000 lost out of 26,000. The harbor gate failed to shut and 45 firemen where swept away while attempting to close them manually.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-d6-l16v-fQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScjHs9bClyc
Rikuzentakata TsunamiRikuzentakata Tsunami http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScjHs9bClyc
Rikuzentakata Failed GateRikuzentakata Failed Gatehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-d6-l16v-fQ
Rikuzentakata After Rikuzentakata After TsunamiTsunami
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dT3pAXYMTC4&NR=1
Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant A 150 foot high splash as Tsunami impacts the turbine A 150 foot high splash as Tsunami impacts the turbine
building, passes over its roof and strikes adjacent reactor building, passes over its roof and strikes adjacent reactor building. The lower height structures including the diesel building. The lower height structures including the diesel
generators are already submergedgenerators are already submerged
Plant had a 19 foot high levee. The tsunami wave height was ~46 feet.
http://www.vgb.org/vgbmultimedia/News/Fukushimav15VGB.pdf
http://martynwilliams.posterous.com/tsunami-damage-at-fukushima-daiichi
Fudai, Japan and its Fudai, Japan and its 3000 residents 3000 residents
survived because of survived because of a 51 foot (15.5 a 51 foot (15.5
meter) floodgate – meter) floodgate – Run-up of 66 feet Run-up of 66 feet
(20 meter) on gate (20 meter) on gate towerstowers
SWAN Numerical Model of Tsunami reaching Hawaii 2 meter contour
Source
----0 Tide ---
Makaha Beach – Mark Makaha Beach – Mark SuisoSuiso
9 Feet Runup
Dan Walker’s North Shore Dan Walker’s North Shore SurveySurvey
17.5 ft
Haleiwa Haleiwa HarborHarbor
7 Foot Run-7 Foot Run-upup
Keehi Keehi HarborHarbor
Keehi Keehi HarborHarbor
70% boats 70% boats damaged damaged
or lostor lost
KonaKonaVillagVillag
e e HotelHotelHalesHales
Kealakekua Bay Kealakekua Bay
KealakekKealakekua Bayua Bay
NapoopooNapoopoo
NapoopoNapoopooo
16 feet runup -Walker
Napoopoo Napoopoo
Kona, Hawaii TsunamiKona, Hawaii Tsunamihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91Wh0_yNJhc
Crescent Crescent CityCity
8 ft high 8 ft high waveswaves
2004 Indian Ocean 2004 Indian Ocean 2011 Japan2011 Japan
Max Run-up 109 feet 125 Max Run-up 109 feet 125 feetfeet
Death Zone 33 feet 50 Death Zone 33 feet 50 feetfeet
Fritz/Meadows 33 feet Fritz/Meadows 33 feet EQ Length 1100 km 250 kmEQ Length 1100 km 250 km Deaths 250-300,000 25,000Deaths 250-300,000 25,000 To survive move to above 100 ft ASL, or To survive move to above 100 ft ASL, or
above 4above 4thth floor if you feel an earthquake floor if you feel an earthquake or a Tsunami Alert or a Tsunami Alert
www.MCCOHI.COMTSUNAMI Science and Hawaii Hazards PowerPoint Files PowerPoints with Movies are available on NMWW DVD
12/26/2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami - 300,000 Deaths7/8/1955 Lituya Bay 1600 ft High Tsunami8/27/1883 Krakatoa Volcanic Explosion generated TsunamiProjectile Impact and Explosion Generated WavesTsunami Hazard for Hawaii Kai, HawaiiHawaii Tsunami Hazard from M9 Earthquake like 12/26/2004PDF- KT Asteroid Impact - Asteroid Hazard to Life on EarthDr. Walker Hawaii Historical Tsunami Hazard EvaluationMeadows PDF Report on Hawaii Tsunami Zone HazardsPDF 6/2010 PACON Paper on Hawaii M9+ Tsunami Hazards6/2010 PACON PowerPoint on Hawaii M9+ Tsunami Hazards3/11/2011 Honshu Tsunami PowerPointTsunami Hazard to Hawaii from Landslides and Asteroids
Sanriku TusnamiSanriku Tusnamihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=r2Pt3LdwhQov=r2Pt3LdwhQoFrom high ground at Shizugawa High School.
Tsunami overtops barrier.
Horrifying and Grim.
Onagawa Onagawa Tsunami Tsunami Memorial Memorial
ParkPark
4 4 reinforced-reinforced-concrete concrete buildings buildings
overturned overturned and and
transported transported by tsunamiby tsunami
Building A Building A was a was a Police Police station station overturned overturned landward.landward.
Building B was a commercial building overturned seaward
Building C was Hotel Building C was Hotel Marusho transported Marusho transported 30 meter landward – 30 meter landward –
owners missingowners missing
Building D Building D was was Mutual Aid Mutual Aid AssociatioAssociation Building n Building overturnedoverturned
Onagawa Tsunami Onagawa Tsunami Memorial ParkMemorial Park
Town decided to leave four Town decided to leave four reinforced-concrete buildings reinforced-concrete buildings overturned by tsunami in order overturned by tsunami in order to make future generations to make future generations aware of tsunami disaster and aware of tsunami disaster and hazard and establish a Tsunami hazard and establish a Tsunami MuseumMuseum