Development Management
January 23, 2009
Evans and Embedded AutonomyWhat is a developmental state, according to
EvansWhat are its internal and external
characteristics?What are the characteristics of a ‘predatory’
state?How can one transform a predatory state into
a developmental state?This is the key question in the institutions and
governance approach to development
What is governance?
World BankProcess and institutionalization through which decisions are
made and authority exercised? Selection, accountability and replacement of authority Efficiency of institutions – resource allocation Respect for institutions – rule of law
DFIDHow institutions rules and systems of the state operate at
central and local level & how state relates to citizens Political systems, macro stability, promote growth, pro-poor
policy, universal access to basic services, personal safety & security, manage national security, honest and accountable government
Evaluating Potential Governance Interventions(Grindle)
What degree of conflict is likelyTime required for institutionalizationOrganizational complexityBudgetary requirementsAmount of behavioral change required
Pritchett & WoolcockEffective provision depends on structure of
incentivesResourcesInformationDecision-makingDelivery mechanismAccountability
Problems in service provisionAll services provided by center, irrespective
of their characteristicsWorks in “Denmark” nowMakes ‘sense’Fits with interests of donor agenciesProvided a means to stay in powerFits with ‘creation myths’ of developed world
Three responses to failureIntensificationAmputationReform key policies
Implementation by ‘10 smart people’
World Development Report 2004
Service provision – requires institutional relationships in which actors are accountable
ActorsCharacteristics of servicesAccountability
DelegationFinancePerformanceInformation/monitoringEnforceability
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Political Accountability• Political competition, broad-based political
parties• Transparency & regulation of party
financing• Disclosure of parliamentary votes
Checks & Balances
• Independent, effective judiciary
• Legislative oversight (PACs, PECs)
• Independent oversight institutions (SAI)
• Global initiatives: UN, OECD Convention, anti-money laundering
Citize
ns/F
irms
Citizens/Firms
Cit
izen
s/F
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sCitizens/Firms
Decentralization and Local Participation• Decentralization with accountability• Community Driven Development (CDD)• Oversight by parent-teacher associations & user
groups• Beneficiary participation in projects
Civil Society & Media• Freedom of press, FOI• Civil society watchdogs• Report cards, client
surveysPrivate Sector Interface• Streamlined regulation• Public-private dialogue• Extractive Industry
Transparency• Corporate governance• Collective business
associations
Effective Public Sector Management
• Ethical leadership: asset declaration, conflict of interest rules
• Cross-cutting public management systems: meritocracy, public finance, procurement
• Service delivery and regulatory agencies in sectors
Governance Dimensions
Public Expenditure TrackingBudget:
FormulationAnalysisExpenditureMonitoring
Participatory Tools Public expenditure tracking surveysSocial auditsCitizen report cards, community scorecardsAdvocacy campaigns
ExamplesBudget formulation –Porto Alegre BrazilBudget review and analysis – Gujurat, IndiaExpenditure tracking – UgandaPerformance Monitoring – Bangalore, India
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