Jade perch (Scortum barcoo) as a potential aquaculture species for
Singapore fish farmsLiangBing
SeniorScientist,MarineAquacultureCentreAgri-Food&VeterinaryAuthorityofSingapore
1Day1:5thOct2017
1. Background
2. Spawningofjadeperch
3. Larviculture
4. Salinitytolerancetrial
Outline
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BackgroundAVAVisionandMission
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Background
MarineAquacultureCentre(MAC)@SJI• AVA’sAquacultureResearchFacility• Spearheadtropicalaquaculturetechnologydevelopment
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Background
KeyR&Dinitiatives@MAC
TanksystemsatMAC Successfulbreedingoflocalpompanospecies
Asianseabassfingerlings
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Large-scalefryproductiontechnology
Aquaculturesystems
Developmentofnewspecies
BackgroundWhatisjadeperch?• Jadeperch(akaBarcoogrunter)isafreshwaterfinfishspeciesnativetoAustralia
• It’shardyandafastgrower(reachmarketsizein7months)
• Omnivorous:feedonzooplankton,smallcrustaceans,aquaticinsects,algae,etc
LakeEyrebasin
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Greenish,jade-likespeckle
Advantagesofjadeperch• HighOmega-3
• Highnutritionalvalue• Goodtaste• Highmarketvalue
Background
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• SourceofFish:Australia(importedasfry)
• Estimatedage(Dec2016):2years• Concretetank:13.5m3• Est.no.offish:30pcs• Density:2kg/m3• Feeding:Onceevery2dayswith
shrimp
Spawningofjadeperch
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Jadeperchatthefarm
Genitalpore UrinaryporeAnus Anus Urogenitalpore
Identificationoffemalesandmales1)Numberofvisibleopenings
Female Male
Spawningofjadeperch
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Identificationoffemalesandmales
Spawningofjadeperch
2)SizeAvgweightofmales=0.9kgAvgweightoffemales=1.2kg
3)Samplingofeggsandmilt:Femaleseggsize:~850um(uniformsize)Males:Flowingmiltwithgentlemassage(spermstopsmovingafter2mins)
5malesand6femaleswereselectedon12Dec2016
Male
Female
SpawningofjadeperchPITtagging,measurementandrecordofselectedbrooders
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PITtags(PassiveIntegratedTransponder)wereusedforindividualidentification
Samplerecordforeachindividualfish
HormonalInductionInjectionofOvaprim(SalmonGonadotropinReleasingHormoneAnalog20µg/ml+Domperidone10mg/ml)• 0.5mlperkgaspermanufacturerinstructions• Used1mlsterilesyringeand25Gsizeneedle• Intra-peritonealinjectioninsteadofintra-muscularinjection.• Temperature:27-29⁰C
SpawningtankInjectioncompletedat12Dec,11am(H-26)
Spawningofjadeperch
12*ToallowOvaprimtoreachroomtemperaturebeforeinjectiontoreduceviscosity
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SpawningofjadeperchEnvironment
GnRH(+)
Dopamine(-)
LH FSH
Brain
Pituitary
Gonad
AndrogensEstrogens
Progestagen
Fullgrowthgametes
Fertilegametes
LHRH-A
Domperidone
HCG SPE,CPE
Female
Estrogens
Liver
Ovary
Vitellogenin
Vitellogenesis
Oocytewithyolk
Progestagen
Finalmaturation
Male
Testis
Spermatogenesis
Androgens
Finalmaturation
Progestagen
Brain-Pituitary-GonadAxis
Stockingdensity:1,075eggs/L
Waterexchangerate:30%perhr
Spawningofjadeperch
➢ Spawning:26-28hoursafterinjection(13Dec,1pmestimated.H).➢ Intotal430,000fertilizedeggswerecollectedandstockedintoa400Lfiberglasshatchingtankafter
spawning.➢ Theeggshatchedat16-18hourspostfertilization.➢ Intotal202,500larvaehatchedout(46%hatchingrate)(14Dec,7amestimated.H).
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Successfulspawningonthenextday
Larviculture
1-cell stage(70 min) 2-cell stage(75 min) 4-cell stage(80 min) 8-cell stage(85 min)
Blastula stage(2.5 hr) Gastrula stage(6.7 hr)
Neurula stage(12.5 hr)
Blastula stage(3.5 hr) Blastula stage(4.5 hr)
Gastrula stage(7 hr) Neurula stage(8.5 hr) Neurula stage(10 hr)
Hatching (14.5 hr)
Newly hatched (18 hr)
Theaveragesizeofeggsandlarvaeis2mm
Differentstagesoflarvaedevelopment
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Larviculture
Tanktype Indoor/Outdoor
0.5m3fibertank Indoor
1.2m3fibertank Indoor
1.2m3concretetank Outdoor
StockingThelarvaewerestockedinto3differenttypesoflarviculturetanksatthedensityof15pcs/L
1.2m3fibertank0.5m3fibertank 1.2m3concretetank 16
LarvicultureLayoutoflarviculturetanks• DIYtopfiltersandspongeair-liftfilterswereusedtomaintaingoodwaterquality• Watertemperature:25-29⁰C• pH:7.8-8
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Larviculture
0dph
Rotifers
2dph 4dph
Moina
Dryfeed
Harvestingrotifersfromtheponds Sizecomparisonbetween4dphlarvaeandunfilteredMoina
7dph 14dph
3dph
8-9dph
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Feedingoflivefeed
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Larviculture
Gradingandweaning Cannibalismobservedsince7dph
• Intotal13,000frywereweanedtodryfeedat15dph.
• Gradingwasdonetoseperatefishofdifferentsizes.
Summary• Feedingofrotiferanddryfeedcanstartfrom3dphand9dph.• Jadeperchwashighlycannibalisticfrom7dph.• Tankswithlongerexposuretodirectsunlightandhighertemperaturehavevisuallyfastergrowth.• Usingbiggertanksforlarviculturearerecommendedasthewaterparameterstendtobemorestable.
Futureimprovement• Rotiferproductiontobesetup• Indoorhatchery• Nutritionalrequirementsofthelarvaetobeinvestigated
Larviculture
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Culturejadeperchinbrackishorseawater?• Investigatethesalinitytoleranceofjadeperch• InvestigatetheeffectsofsalinityonjadeperchgrowthperformanceExperimentdesign:• 50pcsofjadeperchina2.5tontank• 5experimentaltankswithdifferentsalinities
Salinitytrial
Tk430ppt
Tk325ppt
Tk220ppt
Tk110ppt
Tk5Reservoir
Tk6Backupfish
Tk70ppt
(control)
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SalinitytrialTransferofjadeperchfingerlings
➢ Changewaterpartiallyforafewtimestoallowthefishtobeslowlyacclimatizedtonewwaterenvironment
➢Quarantinedfor1month22
Salinitytrial
Tank1(10ppt)
0
2
3
5
6
0
8
15
23
30
1 4 7 10 13 1619 22 25 28 3134 37 40 4346 49 52 5558 61 64 6770 73 76 7982 85 88
Salinity NO2
Tank2(20ppt)
0
1.3
2.5
3.8
5
0
7.5
15
22.5
30
1 4 7 10 13 1619 22 25 28 3134 37 40 4346 49 52 5558 61 64 6770 73 76 7982 85 88
Salinity NO2
Tank4(30ppt)
0
1
3
4
5
0
8
15
23
30
1 4 7 10 13 1619 22 25 28 3134 37 40 4346 49 52 5558 61 64 6770 73 76 7982 85 88
Salinity NO2
SalinityacclimatizationandnitritespikesTank3(25ppt)
0
1.3
2.5
3.8
5
0
7.5
15
22.5
30
1 4 7 10 13 1619 22 25 28 3134 37 40 4346 49 52 5558 61 64 6770 73 76 7982 85 88
Salinity NO2
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Salinitytrial
Mortalityduringacclimalzalon
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
0ppt 10ppt 20ppt 25ppt 30ppt
Intotal2,3,4pcsoutof50fishdiedfrom20,25and30ppttreatmentgrouprespectively.Thereisnomortalityfrom0ppt(control)and10pptgroup
Thejadeperchwereacclimatizedto30pptwithmorethan90%survivalrate.
• Timetaken:89days(stopped30daysduetohighnitritelevel)
• Survivalrate:
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Completionofsalinityacclimatization
TankNO.
Finalsalinity Survivalrate
1 10 100%
2 20 96%
3 25 94%
4 30 92%
7 0 100%
Samefeedingamountforalltanks: 1-2%bodyweight
Salinitytrial
Tank# Tk1 Tk2 Tk3 Tk4 Tk7
Salinity(ppt) 10 20 25 30 0
BodyweightAvg(g) 22.6 22.5 22.1 21.4 23.7
TotallengthAvg(cm) 11.5 11.3 11.2 11.3 11.6
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89BodyweightAvg(g) 72.9 64.7 71.5 61.6 69.1
TotallengthAvg(cm) 16.2 15.3 15.5 17.6 15.7
Measurements Day
25
Salinitytrial
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PreliminarydataanalysisRelativegrowthratein97days
Tank# Tk1 Tk2 Tk3 Tk4 Tk7
Salinity(ppt) 10 20 25 30 0
Weightgain(g) 50.3 42.2 49.4 40.2 45.4
Weightgain% 222.57% 187.56% 223.53% 187.85% 191.56%
TotalLengthGain(cm) 4.7 4 4.3 6.3 4.1
TotalLengthGain% 40.87% 35.40% 38.39% 55.75% 35.34%
Fishat10pptgrewabout30%fasterthanfishinfreshwaterafter2.5months.
Summary:• Jadeperchwasacclimatizedtofullseawater(30ppt)with>90%survivalrate• Lowgrademortalityassociatedwithhighsalinitystresswasobservedwhensalinityis≥20ppt.• FishinGroup20,25and30ppthavegraduallyhigherstresslevelsbasedonobservationoftheirlessactivefeedingresponseandbehavior• Wealsoobservedreducedfeedingamountin25and30pptgroupscomparedtoothergroups.
Salinitytrial
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Futureplan:• ContinuetomeasureandcomparegrowthrateandFCRinthenext5months• Optimizetheprotocolofsalinityacclimatizationtoshorterthetimeneeded• Conductfieldtrialsinseanetcagesandlandbasedfarms
Salinitytrial
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Thankyou!
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