JACQUES CARTIERThe Beginning of the Fur trade.
By: James, Daniel, and Jon
Algonquian and Iroquoian people were the native Americans who lived in the place now that Quebec city in located.
Algonquian settlements lived by hunting and fishing, although quite a few supplemented their diet by cultivating corn, beans, squas, and wild rice.
Algonquian and Iroquoian people
In 1524 Giovanni was asked to find new trading routes
Giovanni de Verrazano was the first to explore the east cost of North America, from South Carolina to Nova Scotia
Giovanni never found what he really wanted but he did discover a new land, and native people on it
Giovanni de Verranzano
December 31, 1491 – September 1, 1557
He was born in Saint-Malo
In 1520 he married Mary Catherine des Granches who was part of a leading family
He was a respectable French explorer, and accompanied Giovanni de Verrazano and his voyages
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier... What he did Cartier’s role was a navigator.
They were looking for a new passages from North America to the Pacific, called the northwest passage
He led 3 voyages of the exploration to the St. Lawrence region in 1534, 1535-36, and 1541-42.
He is some times credited with the discovery of Canada. He was the first to chart the St. Lawrence River.
Jacques Cartier claimed Canada for France
Jacques Cartier... What he did
Jacques First Voyage He set of on 20 of
April 1534 with 2 ships and 61 men.
it took him 20 days to cross the ocean
He met the aboriginal people and traded with them
In 1534 he landed in Canada
He landed three times on land to traded with the Iroquois during that trip
But the third time he landed he put a 10 meter cross, saying “Long live the King of France”
Jacques First Voyage
Jacques First Voyage Cartier then claimed
the land for his king
Cartier took 2 of the chiefs sons to France
Cartier left thinking he had found Asia
Many of Cartier’s men got scurvy traveling up the river in the winter months
But the men got cured from the white cedar
Jacques First voyage
He went up the saint Lawrence river to look for gold and treasure that the people were talking about
Domagaia told them this story so he was kidnapped to tell the king (one of the two kidnapped)
Treasures!
Two of the ships were sent on their journey home with some of these minerals on September 2
The king of France called it as false as Canadian diamonds worthless fool's gold
Treasures!
Treasures!
Cartier brought also brought back the carrot when he returned to France
On October 17, 1540, Francis the 1st ordered the Breton navigator to return to Canada
He would be "captain general". However, January 15, 1541 saw Cartier supplanted
Jacques Second Voyage
Jacques Second Voyage
He left from France in 1535 with 3 ships and 110 men
The 2 Iroquois were also brought back with them and told them to help them find the villages
On September 4 he landed at l'Île d'Orléans near Stadacona (present day Quebec)
Jacques Second Voyage
He was met by Donnacona the chief
He was relieved to meet his sons but he was still not happy the were taken
Cartier was not allowed to leave unless he left hostages behind in placements for his sons
Jacques Second Voyage
Jacques Cartier sailed to a island described by the Chiefs sons
He found corn which he learned that does not grow in the wild
The Iroquoians welcomed him with open hands
Jacques Second Voyage
The Iroquoian made a feast for them
Gifts were exchanged at the feast and Jacques was introduced to tobacco
He felt that they could also be easily converted to Christianity
Jacques Second Voyage Jacques then went back
When he got back he kidnapped Donnacona, his sons, and 3 other natives
He promised that the king of France would give him gifts
Donnacona latter died in France around 1540 to 1541
Robertval was to lead the expedition, with Cartier as his chief navigator.
While Robertval waited for artillery and supplies, he gave permission to Cartier to sail on ahead with his ships.
Jacques Third voyage
Jacques Third voyage
In May of 1541, Jacques Cartier set sail with 5 ships and 1,500 men and instructions to settle the New World
In his other expeditions he discovered the St Lawrence river
And set up friendly relationships with the Iroquoians
Jacques Third voyage
Jacques built a new fort and named the settlement Charlesbourg Royal
First French
settlement in Canada
The Iroquoian enraged kept it under siege
Jacques Third voyage Within 2 years he fled
He met Robertval who came to the new world with supplies
He brought along people who were trying to avoid persecution in France by coming to the new world
Cartier took his ship when he landed and headed back to France
QUESTIONS???
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