It’s time to do smart cities properly
!Dan Hill
Executive Director of Futures Future Cities Catapult
@FutureCitiesCat / futurecities.catapult.org.uk @cityofsound / cityofsound.com
Understanding the city as a
real-time system
The Cloud
w/ MIT, Carlo Ratti, Atmos, Arup &c 2008
Barangaroo
w/ Arup, Rogers Stirk Harbour &c 2008-10
Masdar
w/ Arup, LAVA &c, 2008-09
MELBOURNESMARTCITY
Melbourne
w/ Arup, C40, City of Melbourne 2009
New Songdo City
SongNo
Expo
Cisco pavilion, Shanghai Expo 2010
GM pavilion, Shanghai Expo 2010
We don’t make citiesin order to
make buildings or infrastructure.
Culture Commerce Community Conviviality
The City itself ?????
Our approach to our infrastructure does
clearly affect the city, however.
GM vs LA
George Street, Sydney 1906
The value of inefficiency
“Technology is the answer.But what is the question?”
— Cedric Price
?
Have we made clear the value of
the smart city to citizens?
?
“The best way to predict the future is to design it.”
— Buckminster Fuller
“The best way to predict the
future is to design it.”
— Buckminster Fuller
“Technology is the answer.
But what is the question?”
— Cedric Price
Using design to frame questions …
… about 21st century city products, services,
spaces & cultures.
A particularly useful role for a certain kind of interaction
design?
Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
2
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Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
low2no.org
Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
W/ Arup / Experientia
Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
Connected Streets / Catapult, Wikihouse 2014
Elephant & Castle, London / Lend Lease
What does a 21st century urban
development look like?
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
Hyde Park Data Visualisation 4
Future Cities Catapult
BRIXTONWorking with citizens we are exploring what are the interventions that can encourage new attitudes towards air quality and air pollution and how behaviour can change as a result
HYDE PARKWorking with the Management and Education teams of The Royal Parks we are deploying a heterogeneous network of sensors including air quality, water, light and soil sensors
TOWER BRIDGEWorking with Southwark council we are installing sensors on Tower Bridge road to measure the air SROXWLRQ�HHFWV�RI�LGOLQJ�FDU�HQJLQHV�ZKHQ�WKH�bridge is raised.
ENFIELD BOROUGH:RUNLQJ�ZLWK�WKH�(QYLURQPHQWDO�+HDOWK�RFH�ZH�are deploying 100 sensor nodes across the borough, with a special focus on schools
ELEPHANT AND CASTLEWorking with property developer and Southwark FRXQFLO�ZH�DUH�GHSOR\LQJ�D�QXPEHU�RI�12[�VSHFL¿F��real-time, sensing nodes that will enable testing of innovative NOx reduction technologies
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
7
Background Who we talked to
Our choice of transport can make a big impact on air quality. For this UHDVRQ��ZH�UHFUXLWHG����SHRSOH�WR�FRYHU�D�VSUHDG�RI�GLHUHQW�WUDQVSRUW�modes, including: car commuters, users of public transport, walkers, cyclists, a taxi driver and a tube driver.
For inspiration design research looks to the extremes, as well as the norm. Our sample included: school run mums, buggy pushers, asthma VXHUHUV��LQKDELWDQWV�RI�OHVV�SROOXWHG��PRUH�SROOXWHG�SODFHV��D�VHPL�SUR�sports player training outdoors, someone who wears a pollution mask, and someone tracking their own behaviour to make a lifestyle change.
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
11
Our perceptions of pollution are subjective, rather than scientific
Insight 01
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
12
Insight 01 Our perceptions of pollution are subjective, rather than scientific
We found:Sensing is believing…We think about pollution only when we see it, feel it or smell it. Our perceptions of pollution are bound by our senses. We see it in crowded commercial areas, in busy WUDF���IURP�KLJK�YDQWDJH�points. We feel it when our breathing tightens, or as a layer on our hands, our faces or even on our hair.
“I do notice [with the air] on holiday that I don’t have to wash my hair as much as I
do here. ±�7������(Q¿HOG
“Sometimes you can just feel it on your face, it’s just grimy. It makes
your lungs tighten. ±�&������(Q¿HOG
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
14
Insight 01 Our perceptions of pollution are subjective, rather than scientific
We found:Our perceptions of air quality are informed by our comparative experiences - by where we’ve been and what we’ve seen.One person who’d lived through the 1950s believed London’s air has improved. $QRWKHU�IURP�UXUDO�6XVVH[�saw London’s air quality as SRRU��$QG�RQH�SHUVRQ�IURP�%RJRWD�GLGQ¶W�HYHQ�EHOLHYH�that London has an air pollution problem.
“In London, I’d see this [photo] and think it’s just a cloudy day. In %RJRWD�,¶G�WKLQN�\HV��they have a problem
with air pollution. – E 21, Bogota
““I remember as a child having D�VFDUI�DFURVV�P\�IDFH«�$QG�D�
conductor walking in front of the EXV�ZLWK�D�WRUFK«�,W¶V�GH¿QLWHO\�
improved since then.”%������(Q¿HOG
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
Urban Sensing / Arup, UTS 2009-10
Urban Sensing / Arup, UTS 2009-10
Sensing the city
Sensing project / Arup, CSM 2009
What’s so important about a public sensor box?
?
Het Schip / Courtesy of Matt Cottam
Het Schip / Courtesy of Matt Cottam
Het Schip / Courtesy of Matt Cottam
What are the seams of the
system, and who designs and owns them? Who owns
the decisions?
What are the seams of the
system, and who designs and owns them? Who owns
the decisions?
?
21 Balançoires, Montréal
Studio Roosegaarde bioluminescent trees
3D-print Canal House / DUS Architects
CityMapper
Europe compressed by high-speed rail
Cities Unlocked / Catapult, Guide Dogs, M’soft
Cities Unlocked / Catapult, Guide Dogs, M’soft
Catapult / Connected displays, w/ BERG
What interactions define a 21st
century street?
?
Urban retrofits / Airbnb
Urban retrofits / Uber
Urban retrofits / bike sharing
Urban Engines, 2014
‘Rush Hour’, Black Sheep Films 2014
Urban retrofits / autonomous vehicles
Urban retrofits / autonomous vehicles
-80%?
PROS Accidents ▼Air quality ▲ Carbon ▼ Space ▲
CONS Obesity ▲ Car industry ▼ Equal access ▼ Public services ▼
Might a new kind of car be about to change the city as much as the old
one did?
Urban retrofits / Bridj
Predictive analytics
Predictive analytics, The Verge
What will be the impact of predictive analytics on cities?
Changing the city without
changing the city
Could be an issue for architects and
engineers?
Dark matter
A brief aside on dark matter.
IF YOU REALLY WANT TO CHANGE THE CITY, OR want a real struggle, a real fight, then it would require re-engaging with things like public planning for example, or re-engaging with government, or re-engaging with a large-scale institutionalised developers. I think that’s where the real struggles lie, that we re-engage with these structures and these institutions, this horribly complex ‘dark matter.’ That’s where it becomes really interesting.
Wouter Vanstiphout Interviewed by Rory Hyde, 2010
Dark Matter and Trojan Horses, Strelka Press
Building codes = dark matter
Something for interaction designers?
What kind of city do we
want?
What is public and what is private?
?
Can yesterday’s institutions produce tomorrow’s cities?
Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
Governments now have competition.
As platforms.
The day after Restaurant Day
Popups pop down.
Pool / floating/filtering pool, New York 2012-
brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
A design probe.
brickstarter.org
‘View source’on the city
What if participation
platforms didn’t have to sidestep the institution?
DPW HOLDSPUBLIC HEARING
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Items to Submit:Initial Application FormInitial Site Plan and PhotosConcept DescriptionLetters Of Support
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KEEP IT CLEAN.WATER THE PLANTS.RENEW IN ONE YEAR.
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PLANNING ISSUES PUBLIC NOTICEINITIAL REVIEW BY MTA, DPW, PLANNING
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NOAPPEAL
Parklet / San Francisco 2013
Politicians that get it
Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President of Estonia
“You have to stop thinking in terms of 19th century bureaucratic rules, where everything is on paper. That ends up meaning redesigning government and
how you interact with people.” —
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
Building high quality public services
Case 6GOV.UK
“ If you can book a flight online with a few clicks
and cut through all the associated regulations…
then anything is possible [online].”
Martha Lane Fox
113
“Legible Practices”, Sitra 2013
GOV.UK project / UK government 2012-
Planning applications, London 2014
Planning applications, London 2014
Planning applications, London 2014
Planning applications, London 2014
Planning applications, London 2014
Planning applications, London 2014
Planning applications, London 2014
Could do better
?Last one, honest
How do we ensure that technologies are well-considered, in order to create a new civic space, a sense of the city as
public good?
Shared space, Hans Monderman, ‘60s—
Start with the street. Design to ask questions. Prototype and iterate.
Design for participation.
Start with the street. Design to ask questions. Prototype and iterate.
Design for participation. Redesign the way we make decisions.
It’s time to do smart cities
properly.
Thank you !!!!!
Dan Hill Executive Director of Futures
Future Cities Catapult @FutureCitiesCat / futurecities.catapult.org.uk
@cityofsound / cityofsound.com
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