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Zaid Ahmad, Iqra University
IT IN BUSINESS (BBA)
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LectureObjectives
Identify the five components of a computersystem
Understand software, hardware andrelation between them
Identify operating system and applicationprogram Understand information and its processing
activities Differentiate between single user and
multiuser systems
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ComputerSystem
Computer system
Hardware
Programs
Information
Procedures
People
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Hardware
Carriesouttheactivitiesofcomputing,storingorcommunicationdatadividedintofourcategories
Inputdevices
Processors Outputdevices
Storagedevicespreferablysecondarystoragedevices
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HardwareInputDevices
Keyboards:lettersofalphabetsandsymbols,alphabeticandnumerickeys
Point-of-saleTerminals:numericdata-padand
specialpurposekeyslikesale,refundetc. Mouse:pointsatcommandsonthescreen
Imagescanners:lightilluminatesinformationhardcopyandreadintothecomputer,inputsdesigns,chartsandgraphs
Barcodescannersandwands:scanningofbarcodeinformation
Microphones:audioinputs
Pre-recordedsources:audio/videocassettes,CDsetc.
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HardwareInputDevices(2)
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HardwaretheProcessor
CentralProcessingUnitorCPUs:Asetofelectroniccircuitsthatperformthecomputersprocessingactions
Microprocessor:Thesmallesttypeofprocessor,withalltypesoftheprocessingcapabilitiesonasinglechip
ArithmeticLogicUnitorALU
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HardwaretheProcessor(2)
MotherboardorSystem-board:thesystemunitinamicrocomputer,locatedonaboardmountedonthebottomofacomputerbase.
MainMemory:Primarystorageormainmemory;storagewithinthecomputeritself;holdsdatatemporarily,whilethecomputerexecutesinstructions
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HardwareOutputDevices
Devicesforresultofenteringandprocessingdataandinformation
Informationusefulforhumanuser
Commandsforinputofotherdevices
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HardwareOutputDevices(2)
Controlprinter
Directdisplay
Controlanotherdevice
Genericsounds Initiatetransmissionofinformation
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HardwareStorageDevices
Preferablynamesassecondarystoragedevices;externaltothecomputerbutreadbyit
Disketteslikefloppydisks
HardDisks OpticalDisklikeCDROMdisks
Magnetictapes
Flashdrives
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HardwarePeripheral
Equipment
Anydeviceattachedtocomputerphysicallyorwirelessly
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Software
Setofinstructionstocontrolacomputeroranetwork
Systemsoftware:OperatingSystemandUtilities
Applicationsoftware:Aprogramforaspecificuse;wordprocessorandspreadsheetapplications
Operatingsystem:acombinationofprogramsthatcoordinatestheactionsofcomputerincludingitsperipheraldevicesandmemory;CLIandGUI
DOSandWindows Programs:in-chargeofhardware;aspecific
sequenceofinstructionstodirectcomputertoperformcertaintasksandproducecertainresults;protocols
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SoftwareSoftwarePackages
Anapplicationmeantforsaletobusinessesandgeneralpublic;MSWord
SpreadsheetPackages:rowsandcolumnsfor
dataorinformation;cells Word-processorPackages:enter,edit,move,
storeandprinttextualinformationlikeMSExcel
DesktopPublishers:combinationoftextandimagehandlinglikeMSPublisher
Graphics:descriptionsofdatawithtrends,tracks,performancelevels,categoriescomparisonsforexampleMSProject
IllustrationPrograms:drawimages,createspecialeffects,andtranslateideasintovisualformslike
AdobeIllustrator
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SoftwareSoftwarePackages
DatabaseManagement:records,fields,attributes,objects,filesetc.e.g.MSAccess
CommunicationPrograms:interactionsbetween
thecomputers InformationSystemProgramsorMISs:designed
toproducetheinformationneededforsuccessfulmanagementofastructuredproblem,process,departmentofbusiness;e.g.payrolland
productionmanagement
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Information
Organized,meaningfulandusefulinterpretationofdata
Text
Sound
Images Videos
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People
UsersandITProfessionals
Users:hands-on,indirect,usermanagers,seniormanagers
ITProfessionals:Programmers,Systemanalysts,systemdesigners,projectmanagers,networkspecialists,trainers,computeroperators,computerengineers,systemengineers
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Procedures
Step-by-stepprocessforaccomplishingspecific
results
Operationsprocedures:howacomputersystemorapplicationisused,howoftenitcanbeused,whois
authorizedtouseit,wheretheresultsofprocessingshouldgo
BackupandRecoveryProcedures:howandwhentomakeextracopiesofinformationorsoftwaretoprotectlosses;whentorestorethebackup
SecurityProcedures:safeguarddatacenter,communicationnetwork,computerandotherITequipmentfromaccidentalorintentionalintrusionordamage
DevelopmentProcedures:howITprofessionalsshoulddescribeuserneedsanddevelopapplicationstomeet
thoseneeds
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IntroductiontoSystems
Personal/Single-userSystems:standsalone,meaningitisnotinterconnectedwithothercomputersorsharedbyotherpeople
Sharedbymorethanoneuser