Italy in the Era of Gothic Florescence
Fragmentationvaried and almost autonomous regional stylesanti-French sentiment (started in the late 13th cen.)
Decline in the universal church Laicizationsecular outlook of prelatesgrowth of towns grew Indebtedness to lesser building types Late phases of art in generalnew solutions turned into established formulas developed further by refining and elaborating
LATE GOTHIC
Milan Cathedral, choir 1386
Milan, Italy
Italy in post-Carolingian invasions of Europe Italy in ca. 1000
The Romanesque churches of Rome so faithful to Early Christian models➞immaculately historicist – Romanesque in terms of date only
Early Christian St. Peter’sRomanesque S. Giorgio in Velabro
Rome, 12th century
Italy in Trachtenberg’s thesis historical consciousness paradigmI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Early Christian basilica Early Christian Santa Sabina, Rome
Strong legacy of the early Christian basilica
I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments Italy in Trachtenberg’s thesis historical consciousness paradigm
Italy in relation to Europe at the height of the Romanesque period
I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Norman Romanesque in Italy: Trani Cathedral, Trani (Apulia), Italy, 1089-1200s
Italian Romanesque in Rome:S. Giorgio in Velabro, 12th century
Reception of northern European Romanesque: NormansI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Norman Romanesque Trani CathedralItalian Romanesque in Tuscany:Pisa Cathedral
Reception of northern European Romanesque: NormansI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Speyer, Germany
Rome, Italy
Lombardy, Italy
Holy Roman Empire-Northern Italy (Lombardy)-Rome – Rome-Northern Italy (Lombardy)-Holy Roman Empire
Romanesque in Northern Italy
Rhine Valley Germany
NorthernItaly
Reception of northern European Romanesque: GermanyI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
S. Ambrogio in Milan with quadripartite rib vaults on double-bay system, complete by 1117
Reception of northern European Romanesque: GermanyI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Venice, ItalyPérigueux, France
Constantinople
St.-Front, Périgueux, France, 1120 St. Mark’s, Venice, Italy, b. 1063
Other historicizing influences in Italy: ConstantinopleI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Venice, Italy
Constantinople
St. Mark’s, Venice, Italy, b. 1063
Other historicizing influences in Italy: Constantinople
The Katholicon (Byzantine monastic church)Stilo (Calabria), Italy , b. 982
Stilo, Italy
I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Southern Italy as Magna Graecia(Greater Greece)
I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Normans arrive in Southern Italy in 999establish dukedoms by 1095
Cappella Palatina (Palatine Chapel)Palermo (Sicily), Italy, ca. 1131-1145
Ste-Chapelle (Palatine Chapel)Paris, 1241-48
I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments Norman kings in Sicily vs. Capetian royal house of France
Cappella Palatina (Palatine Chapel)Palermo (Sicily), Italy, ca. 1131-1145
Ste-Chapelle, Paris, 1241-48
I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Cappella Palatina, Palermo
I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Cappella Palatina, Palermo
nave
I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Cappella Palatina, Palermo
muqarnas ornament on nave ceiling
I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments
Italy at the dawn of the High Gothic period
II. Italy (in contrast to France) as fertile ground for the Gothic style (opus francigenum)
II. Italy (in contrast to France) as fertile ground for the Gothic style (opus francigenum)
Reims Cathedral, France, 1211-90
4 points of contrast
Siena Cathedral, nave and transepts 1220-60clerestory and vault rebuilt from 1369
III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteriesNetwork of Cistercian monasteries
Siena Cathedral, 1220-60San Galgano, Cisterican abbey, b. 1218
III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteries Siena Cathedral – Italy’s only early 13th cen. Gothic great church
Siena Cathedral
III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteries
San Galgano, Cisterican abbey
Gothic Siena Cathedral
III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteries
Romanesque Pisa Cathedral
IV. Italy’s own mendicant order Gothic
Franciscan monastery in Florence, Italy: Santa Croce, 1294-1492
IV. Italy’s own mendicant order Gothic
Santa Maria Novella, Florence
IV. Italy’s own mendicant order Gothic
Santa Maria Novella, Florence
Milan Cathedral, Milan, Italy, b. 1386
V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral, b. 1386
Milan Cathedral
V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral
Milan Cathedral
V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral
Milan Cathedral
V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral
Milan Cathedral
V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral
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