I. Soil Environment Conservation Act
II. Soil Monitoring Policy
III.Contaminated soil management
IV.Future Policy direction
I. Soil Environment Conservation Act
I-1 History of soil environment policyI-2 Structure of soil environment conservation ActI-3 System of soil environment management
I-1 History of soil environment policy
~ 1980 1995 ~
2000 2004 2009
1 2 3
1 Early Phase (Before 1980)
- Farmland-centered soil management policy for increase of production
- Soil contamination occurred such as excessive uses of soil and chemicals
- Little understanding of soils, absence of soil policy
2 Growth Phase (1980 ~ 1994)
- Development of heavy chemical industry → Serious soil contamination- Run soil measuring networks - Conduct soil contamination survey throughout the country('87)
I-1 History of soil environment policy
~ 1980 1995 ~
2000 2004 2009
1 2 3
3 Development Phase (After 1995)
- Establish Soil Environment Conservation Act(’95.1), Decree and Regulations(’96.1)
- 2000 : Tighten up the law on Prevention of soil contamination and remediation · Integrate regulations for Petroleum storage facilities · Establish the management guideline · Add more contaminants(11 → 16) · Introduce the regulation of soil environment assessment (ESA) · Establish the Detailed Soil survey guidelines- 2004 · Reporting of soil contamination and Enrollment of soil remediation business · Introduce verification of remediation and risk assessment articles
- 2009 · Add more contaminants(16 →21) and Subdivide area(2→3) · Tighten up the remediation regulation
I-2 Structure of soil environment conservation Act
General Provision
Purpose Definitions Establishing basic plan Soil contamination level Measuring Network Compensation for loss Soil environment assessment Strict liability
Regulation on soil contamination
Reporting soil contamination Supervision of specific facilities Soil survey Remediation of contaminated soil Verification Risk assessment
Designation/Management of specific region
Level for designation of specific region Establishing management plan Project for improving soil quality Restriction on using land and activities Cancellation of designation
Specialized agencies/ Remediation business
Designation of special agency Cause for Disqualification Prohibition on a subsidiary businesses Revocation of designation
Supplementary provisions
Execution by proxy Assistance from relevant organizations State subsidy Report and examination Standards for administrative disposition Hearing Delegation of powers
I-3 System of soil environment management
Survey
Remediation
Survey & Remediation responsibility
Nation
Private
- Soil measuring network (Regional MOE)
- Actual state soil survey (City, province)
- Soil contamination survey
- Soil environment assessment
Polluter pays
principlePolluter, Owner, Occupant, Operator
Soil measuring networksActual state survey
Soil contamination survey
Soil measuring networksActual state survey
Soil contamination survey
Below worrisome
level
Article 15: Orders to take preventive measures
-Improvements in or relocation of facilities
-Restrictions on use of relevant material
-Remediation of contaminated soils
Article 15: Orders to take preventive measures
-Improvements in or relocation of facilities
-Restrictions on use of relevant material
-Remediation of contaminated soils
Detailed soil surveyDetailed soil survey
Article 17: Designation of areas requiring response for soil conservation
-Response level (Decree Article 12)-Notice of the location
Article 17: Designation of areas requiring response for soil conservation
-Response level (Decree Article 12)-Notice of the location
-Area exceeding worrisome level
-Area needed response activities
-Area exceeding worrisome level
-Area needed response activities
Article 18, 19, 20, 21: Formulation and
execution of response plan
-Project to improve contaminated soil
-Plan to use the land
-Notice of the location
Article 18, 19, 20, 21: Formulation and
execution of response plan
-Project to improve contaminated soil
-Plan to use the land
-Notice of the location
Below worrisome
level
No action needed
No action needed
-Area exceeding worrisome level-(Available to exceed worrisome level due to accidents)
-Area exceeding worrisome level-(Available to exceed worrisome level due to accidents)
Execution of orderDirect remediation: military facilities
(below 50m3)Commissioned remediation:
- Execution of order: 2 year (2 extension available)
- Report to government - Government’sverification
Execution of orderDirect remediation: military facilities
(below 50m3)Commissioned remediation:
- Execution of order: 2 year (2 extension available)
- Report to government - Government’sverification
Not executedAt most 2 years imprisonment
Or a fine of $ 10M
Not executedAt most 2 years imprisonment
Or a fine of $ 10M
I-3 System of soil environment management
Over worrisome
level
Legal management system of soil contamination
Organization of soil management
MOE(Masterplan for soil conservation)
MOE(Masterplan for soil conservation)
Local Environment Office(Soil survey & Manage agencies)
Local Environment Office(Soil survey & Manage agencies)
NIER(R&D for soil conservation)
NIER(R&D for soil conservation)
Local government(Manage specific facilities,
soil survey and remediation)
Local government(Manage specific facilities,
soil survey and remediation)
Ministry of Knowledge Economy
Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Ministry of National Defense
National Emergency Management Agency
Ministry of Knowledge Economy
Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Ministry of National Defense
National Emergency Management Agency
- K eco
- KEITI
- KEI
- K eco
- KEITI
- KEI
- Survey agencies
- Agencies for leakage test
- Soil remediation businesses
- Survey agencies
- Agencies for leakage test
- Soil remediation businesses
- Associations related to soil environment
- Environmental NGOs
- Other business groups
- Associations related to soil environment
- Environmental NGOs
- Other business groups
I-3 System of soil environment management
II-1 Soil Measuring NetworkII-2 Actual state soil surveyII-3 Soil contamination survey for specific facilitiesII-4 Management of vulnerable area
II. Soil Monitoring Policy
II-1 Soil Measuring Network
Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5)
For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination
the Minister of Environment shall establish a measuring network and measure
the degree of soil contamination at all time
Ministry of Environment(1,521)
Ministry of Environment(1,521)
7 Local Environment Office (Regional MOE)7 Local Environment Office (Regional MOE)
Han River Basin
(285)
Han River Basin
(285)Nakdong River Basin
(190)
Nakdong River Basin
(190)Geum River Basin
(228)
Geum River Basin
(228)
Wonju Office
(193)
Wonju Office
(193)Daegu Office
(243)
Daegu Office
(243)Jeonju Office
(120)
Jeonju Office
(120)
Youngsan River Basin
(262)
Youngsan River Basin
(262)
Organization
pHOther(1)
CN, Organophosphorus*
* For Field, Paddy field, Orchard and Sports
General(2)
Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr+6, Zn, NiHeavy
metal(8)Road, House, Factory,
Railroad and Multipurpose
PCBs*, CN*, Phenols*, TPH, BTEX, F, TCE*, PCE*
* For factory and multipurposeGeneral(7)
pHOther(1)
Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr+6, Zn, NiHeavy
metal(8)Field, Paddy Field, Orchard, Woodland,
Ranch, Parks, Amusement, Sports, Riverside and School
ItemsLand Categories
II-1 Soil Measuring Network
Soil sampling0 ~ 15 cm below ground level(Field, Paddy field etc.)
Sampling at the depth of contamination source placed
Soil sampling0 ~ 15 cm below ground level(Field, Paddy field etc.)
Sampling at the depth of contamination source placed
Record all about sampling(Location number, sampling depth, date etc.)
Record all about sampling(Location number, sampling depth, date etc.)
Analysis and Report the results※ Samples must be kept for 1 year at laboratories
Analysis and Report the results※ Samples must be kept for 1 year at laboratories
Guideline (Procedure)
Guideline (Analysis items)
II-2 Actual state soil survey
Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5)
For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination
the Mayor/Province governor shall conduct an actual state of soil survey in the area
under his jurisdiction, which is feared to suffer soil contamination
City, County, District
Check the area feared to suffer soil contaminationSurvey the actual state of soil contamination
City, County, District
Check the area feared to suffer soil contaminationSurvey the actual state of soil contamination
City, ProvinceMake the survey plan
City, ProvinceMake the survey plan
Ministry of EnvironmentMake and announce a survey procedure
Put all the reports together and estimate the results
Ministry of EnvironmentMake and announce a survey procedure
Put all the reports together and estimate the results
Report the survey results(December)Report the detailed soil survey results(Next June)Report the survey results(December)Report the detailed soil survey results(Next June)
Report the survey plan(February)Report the survey results(Next January)Report the detailed soil survey results(Next July)
Report the survey plan(February)Report the survey results(Next January)Report the detailed soil survey results(Next July)
Notify the survey plan(February)Notify the survey plan(February)
Notify the survey results(Next March)Notify the survey results(Next March)
16 local Research Institutes of Public
Health and Environment
Framework
II-2 Actual state soil survey
Guideline (Procedure)
Seoul Busan Daegu Gwangju Daejeon Incheon Ulsan Kyungki
102 85 92 63 69 78 65 250
Gangwon Chungbuk Chungnam Jeonbuk Jeonnam Kyungbuk Kyungnam Jeju
167 134 152 140 153 235 165 50
Site visit & Select survey areaArea feared to suffer soil contamination(16 categories)
Industrial area, metal smelting area, Waste dumping/incinerating area, etc.
Site visit & Select survey areaArea feared to suffer soil contamination(16 categories)
Industrial area, metal smelting area, Waste dumping/incinerating area, etc.
Make a priority list and report the survey planMake a priority list and report the survey plan
Sampling and analysis
※ Samples must be kept for 3 years at laboratories
Sampling and analysis
※ Samples must be kept for 3 years at laboratories
Report the results
supervise following step for the area over worrisome level
Report the results
supervise following step for the area over worrisome level
Minimum survey area by region (2,000 sites)
II-3 Soil contamination survey for specific facilities
Total(2009)
Toxic materials
Petroleum
TotalGas
stationIndustrial facilities
Etc (Heating facilities)
22,643 316 22,327 15,135 4,295 2,897
Report on Facilities Subject to Control of Specific Soil Contamination
Report on Facilities Subject to Control of Specific Soil Contamination
Install the facilities to prevent soil contamination
Install the facilities to prevent soil contamination
Examination of Soil ContaminationExamination of Soil Contamination
Examination of the level of Soil Contamination(Every 1 ~ 5 year)
Examination of the level of Soil Contamination(Every 1 ~ 5 year)
Examination of the level of
Leakage(Every 8 year after 10 years)
Examination of the level of
Leakage(Every 8 year after 10 years)
Owner’s duty on management of specific facilities
Number of specific facilities in Korea(2009)
II-4 Management of vulnerable area
Abandoned mine areas
- From 1992, soil contamination survey and mine reclamation work have been conducted at abandoned mine areas because environment contamination becomes social issues - Soil contamination survey has been conducted at 936 mine areas among total of 2,089 mine areas
TotalTypes of Mine
Coal Mine Metal Mine Non-metal Mine
4,681 394(151) 2,089(936) 2,198
TotalTypes of Mine
Asbestos Mine Asbestos related Mine
90 38(15) 52
- Make a master plan to manage area around Abandoned mine(2004)
- Asbestos mine
- MOE and MKE(Ministry of Knowledge and Economy) conduct a detailed survey
II-4 Management of vulnerable area
Industrial complex
- From 2004, soil contamination survey has been conducting at 25 industrial
complexes that have high possibility of contamination
- Targeting 25 national and local industrial complexes that have over 1 Mm2 and
10-year-old
Review relative data(Document, Interview, etc.)
Review relative data(Document, Interview, etc.)
Check the site condition(Storage tanks, wastes, etc.)
Check the site condition(Storage tanks, wastes, etc.)
Conduct survey(Sampling, Analysis, etc.)
Conduct survey(Sampling, Analysis, etc.)
Estimation(Extent of contamination, Remedial methods, etc.)
Estimation(Extent of contamination, Remedial methods, etc.)
- Since 2004, survey for 20 complexes has been completed
- Survey Procedure
II-4 Management of vulnerable area
USFK granted lands
- Soil and groundwater contamination survey has been conducted at USFK granted
lands that are under operation or return
- Since 2004, 52 USFK granted lands have been surveyed and 18 camps are returned and under remediation
- Since 2008, surroundings of 28 USFK granted land have been surveyed
III-1 Detailed soil investigationIII-2 Verification of soil remediation
III. Contaminated soil management
III-1 Detailed soil investigation
Purpose
- Area soil contamination recognized
- Delineate the extent and volume of contamination
Procedure
Phase I
Phase II
Data Review, Site visit, etc.
Check contaminants and contaminated area
Phase III Detailed soil survey to delineate the contamination
- Topsoil & Subsoil survey- Determine sampling density by targeted area- Groundwater and River(stream) survey- Prevention of contamination and recommend remediation methods
Responsible party should conduct the detailed soil investigation in 1 year
III-2 Verification of soil remediation
Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment
City, County, DistrictCity, County, District
PollutersPollutersContract for detailed surveyContract for detailed survey
Survey AgencySurvey Agency
Report the survey resultsReport the survey results
Soil remediation business operatorSoil remediation
business operator
Make a contractMake a contract
Report the remediation planReport the remediation plan
Perform remediationPerform remediation
CompletionCompletion
Report the completionReport the completion
Make a verificationplan
Make a verificationplan
Process verificationProcess verification
Completion verificationCompletion verification
Ask verificationAsk verification
Report the verification planReport the verification plan
Report the resultsReport the results
Report of verification results
Report of verification results
Report the verification resultsReport the verification results
Manage the remediation resultsManage the remediation results
- When soil remediation is undergoing, the process and the completion of verification has to be conducted(Article 15-6)
- Remediation framework with verification
IV. Future policy direction
II-1 Risk AssessmentII-2 Prevention of Soil erosionII-3 Soil Bank
IV-1 Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment (Article15-5)
Minister of Environment, Mayor/Province governor, or responsible parties shall assess the extent of risk affecting human bodies and environment considering contaminants, surrounding conditions, plan for land use, etc and determine remediation extent and time to finish
- Remediation on national property
- Remediation on the land impossible to identify the responsible parties or
unable to remediate by the responsible parties
- Remediation on naturally contaminated land
Make a plan and Report to MOE
Make a plan and Report to MOE Review the plan (MOE)Review the plan (MOE) Notify the results
to the public (>20days)Notify the results
to the public (>20days)
Verify the results &Public opinions
Verify the results &Public opinions
Monitoring soil Condition in every 2 yrs
Monitoring soil Condition in every 2 yrs
Subject area
Procedures
IV-2 Prevention of soil erosion
Top soil erosion survey (Article 6-2)
Minister of Environment shall survey soil erosion to figure out the top soil condition for managing soil as resources
- Top soil contains lots of organic matters and nutrition- Unable to restore - Need to strengthen managing soil resources
- Vulnerable topography in soil erosion- About 50 M ton/yr (28M in Crop field, 22M in Forestry)
IV-3 Soil Bank
Designation of soil bank (Article15-7)
Minister of Environment shall designate soil bank in case that it is necessary to clean up efficiently gathering soil in an area (national property)
- To remediate efficiently and recycle the remediated soil
Our Precious resources for the next generation
Thank You
Top Related