GeographicalDistance to Core

Cities

Geographical Distance to Service

Centers

Population Size of Islands

• Aegean Islanders are ethnically homogenous.

• Therefore, we can presume that island connectivity could be attributed to geographical factors.

• However, Indonesian islands are ethnically-complex and heterogeneous.

• Sebatik Islanders have been known to be socially and economically-dependent to Tawau, Malaysia.

• Here, people still feel ethnic connections between Sebatik islanders and the Malays of Tawau –both of them mostly are of Bugis ethnic descent.

• Therefore, I propose that ethnicity is also an important factor of island connectivity, particularly in ethnically-diverse islands.