ISLAMIC EMPIRESAP World History
Mr. Charnley
Ottoman Empire
Mongol Invasions 13th century Collapse of Seljuk
Sultanate of Rum in Asia Minor in 14th century
Ottomans 14th -20th centuries Turkic peoples migrated
to Asia Minor from Central Asia
Osman (founder) Mehmed II the
Conqueror wiped out Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantines)
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire Eastern Europe, Asia
Minor, Middle East, and North Africa
Powerful military Rivaled Italian naval
power in Mediterranean
Besieged Habsburg Vienna in 16th and 17th centuries Distracted Charles V
from Protestant Reformation
Ottoman Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566 Golden Age Roxelana Social, educational, and legal
reform Conquests
Expansion into Europe halted by Austrian Habsburgs
Defeated at Battle of Lepanto in 1571 and Siege of Vienna in 1683
Conflict with Safavid Empire in Persia
Conquered much of Middle East
Ottoman Empire
Imperial Organization Sultan
Bureaucracy = Grand Vizier Harem = concubines
Warrior aristocracy Timar = land for military service Regional and decentralized
Devshirme Ghulam Janissaries
Dhimmis ‘People of the Book’ Merchant class
Ottoman Empire
Military Decline Army
Inferior technology Janissaries refused to adapt Europeans developed new
weapons
Navy Battle of Lepanto (1571)
Spanish and Italians weakened Ottoman influence in Mediterranean
Maritime trade Indian Ocean trade =
Portuguese cut out Ottoman middlemen
Trans-Atlantic trade = Spanish silver caused inflation
Ottoman Empire
Decline Overexpansion Oversized government
Corruption Expensive Militarisitic
Weak leadership Issues of succession Janissaries
Safavid Empire
Origins 16th-18th
centuries Turkic people Mongol and
Timurid invasions of 13th and 14th centuries
Sufi mystics Sail al-Din Red Heads
Safavid Empire
Expansion Conquered Persia Battle of Chaldiran
Defeated by Ottoman Empire
Inferior technology Prevented spread of Shia
Islam beyond Persia Tahmasq I
Feudalistic system = land grants to warrior elites for military service
Persian bureaucracy Slave class
Safavid Empire
Abbas the Great 1587-1629 Slave class
Eastern European captives converted to Islam
Ghulam = Elite military forces and government officials comprised of slaves
Militarization Adopted European military
technology and strategies Built up large, modern
army
Safavid Empire
Culture Shifted from Turkish to Persian language Forced citizens to convert to Shia Islam Padishahs adopted Persian culture
Economy Abbas the Great
Encouraged international trade with Ottomans, Chinese, Indians, and Europeans
Worked to improve infrastructure of empire
Safavid Empire
Decline Succession problems
Abbas executed all potential rivals for fear of rebellion
Foreign conflicts Wars with Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire,
Turkic tribes, and local warlords Economy
British and Portuguese merchants in India cut out Safavid Empire from regional trade
Conquered by Turkic Afghani tribes in 18th century
Mughal Empire
16th-18th centuries Babur
Descended from Mongol leader Genghis Khan and Turko-Mongolian leader Timur
Raided India from Afghanistan
Set up capital at Delhi in 1526
Humayan Driven out of India by
rival warlords Reconquered Delhi in
1556
Mughal Empire
Akbar Cultural Tolerance
Abolished jizya Allied and intermarried with Hindu
princes Din-i-Ilahi = religion combining
Hindu and Islamic principles Warrior aristocracy
Granted peasant laborers in exchange for maintaining standing armies
Modernized military with Ottoman and European assistance
Local warlords were granted direct control over their lands
Social reforms Abolished sati and purdah
Mughal Empire
Jahangir and Shah Jahan Successors of Akbar Very little territorial
expansion Cultural contributions
Taj Mahal Blended Muslim domes,
arches, and minarets with Hindu ornament, marble, and reflecting pools
Tomb for Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Shah Jahan
Gender roles Imperial court women had
expanded roles Common Indian women’s
rights were restricted
Mughal Empire
Aurangzeb Decline
Corrupt bureaucracy Undisciplined military Mistreated peasantry
Overexpansion Economic exhaustion Governmental corruption Persecuted Hinduism and
Sikhism Rebellion Regionalism
Officially dissolved by British in 1858 after Sepoy Mutiny
Islamic Society
Society and Gender Warrior elites Slavery Economic expansion
Trade technology
Public works projects Palaces mosques
Cultural Diffusion Patriarchal
Seclusion and veiling of women
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