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Amalkrishna.K.L
Disaster Management [email protected]
IntroductionPresent globalised and consumerised
world need sustainable development
mechanism for the better tomorrow, without
sustainable development we can`t stand here.
Every part of the life need sustainability. For
the energy sustainability SHPs are the good
and viable option for better tomorrow. This
Small Hydro Projects can make a big
difference in many lives
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EnergyEnergy plays a pervasive and
critically important role in the
socio-economy and development
of a country.
The Sun provides energy that can be
captured in the form of solar power,
wind power and hydro-power.
However, there is a need for more R&D fordevelopment of efficient technologies, and the publicawareness of the use of renewable energy resources.
Energy policy of India
Today, India has one of the highest potentialsfor the effective use of renewable energy. Indiais the worlds fifth largest producer of windpower after Denmark, Germany, Spain, and theUSA.
The country has an estimated small-hydropower potential of about 15000 MW.
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Now our installed capacity is about
1,45000MW. According to the 11th plan we have
to increase our energy capacity to 22,0000MW.
By 2010. But current situation shows we are no
where near the target. If the situation continuous
we will not become developed nation
How we can achieve this?
1.Bio-Fuels
2.Wind power
3.Oil
4.Nuclear power
5.Solar Energy
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Here we can see the importance of
What is a DAM?
Water is the vital
resource to support
all forms of life on the earth. Throughout the
history of the world, dams and reservoirs have
been used successfully in collecting ,
storing and managing water
needed to sustain civilization.
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Is it DAM is harmful to human and
environment ?While dams provide benefits to our society, their impacts on the surrounding
also to be address
Resettlement and relocation
Socioeconomic impacts
Environmental concerns
Sedimentation issues
Safety aspects
However, these concerns and impacts can be reduced or eliminated bycareful planning, and the incorporation of a variety of mitigationmeasures.
Significant issues!
There are three interconnected specific issues
that have had particular significance in dam
projects, and which need to be dealt with
differently in future developments. They are
resettlement of displaced people and related
socio-economic issues; changes
to existing fisheries and local resource uses;and effects on ecosystems.
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To ensure the continued and dependabledelivery of benefits from a dam, the ownermust have a comprehensive plan foroperation, maintenance and rehabilitation. Asdams become older, safe performancebecomes a concern. This requires moreattention in the form of inspections,
evaluations, modifications and upgradingof the older dams so they meet currenttechnology, statutes and regulations
Learning the lessons from
previous dam projects is
mandatory before similar
new initiatives areundertaken
Dam safety activities include monitoring structural
performance, developing emergency action plans,
training of dam operators, exercises involving the local
officials and population and implementing risk
reduction actions.
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DAM and development
Our vision and mission Vision
The development and management of water and energyresources address the full range of options and are attainedthrough institutionalized participatory and transparentdecision-making processes to achieve sustainable outcomesthat benefit all.
Mission
Promote improved decision-making, planning and
management of dams and their alternatives ,core values andstrategic priorities and other relevant reference materialsthrough promoting multi stakeholder dialogue at national,regional and global levels and producing non-prescriptive toolsto help decision-makers.
Why DAMs are important ?Dams are usually built for one or more engineering andsocio economic purposes
To generate electricity for domestic and industrialuses, and/or for export to obtain income fromforeign sources.
To store water for irrigation of farmland toimprove crop yields and increase the security offood supply.
To hold back water during times of high riverflow to prevent flooding downstream and forrelease during low-flow periods.
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Importance
Rural electrification and development Jobcreation during dam construction and insubsequent industrial and communitydevelopment
Expansion of social services and improvedinfrastructure in the region served by the dam,for example schools,
hospitals, roads
Fishing
Recreational potential of
reservoirs.
Large hydroelectric dams are among the mostcontroversial of all types of developmentprojects. They have been the focus of muchcriticism of the World Bank and otherinternational financing agencies.
I n this context dont think all are alike
500megawatt Pehuenche Hydroelectric Project in Chile
flooded only about 400 hectares of land.By contrast, the Brokopondo Dam in Suriname inundated
about 160,000 hectares of biologically valuable tropicalrainforest and is known for serious water quality and aquaticweed problems, while providing relatively little electricgenerating capacity (only 30 MW).
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SOLUTIONS
Early in a project, at the
concept stage, before site
selection or engineering
plans have been determined, governments, dam
proponents, and planners need to actively involve all
constituents whose lives and rights may be
significantly affected by the proposed dam
development. Stakeholders who may bear the risks of a
development are entitled to be consulted on whether
and how the project should proceed.
SOLUTIONS In this way, ideas that
are flawed can be
eliminated before
commitments are made,
and the best option can be
negotiated with justice and fairness for those
who will bear many of the risks and costs.
Learning the lessons from previous dam
projects is mandatory before similar newinitiatives are undertaken.
`These are something that we can taken care for thecontinuous delivery of results that we need
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Sustainable Development!
Sustainable development has
been defined as meets the needs
of present without compromising
the ability of the future generation.
India`s sustainable work towards reducing
greenhouse gases will ensure that the
country`s per capita emission GHGs will
continue to be low until 2030-31 and it is
estimated that the per capita emission in
2031st will be lower than per capital global
emission of GHG in 2005.
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Sustainable development in India
encompasses a variety of development
schemes in social, cleantech an human
resource segment.
The global trend towards sustainable
development thrust upon cleantech-clean
energy ,clean water and sustainable
agriculture. Which we can achieve throughSHP project especially in Indian context.
Small HydroPowerSHP is the development of hydroelectric power on the scale
serving a small community or industry with less coast and
minimum impact.
The definit ion of SHP varies but generating capacity is up to
10MW-30MW.
The small hydro can be sub divided in to mini hydro and micro
hydro
Mini -1000KW
Micro-100KW
SHP-The hope of future
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Benefits from Hydropower
Hydro power is a clean, domestic and
renewable source of energy.
It does not produce greenhouse gases or other air pollution.
Hydropower leaves no waste.
One time capitalization is required for set up of a HydroPower station.
Like other fuel energy like fossil fuel, Water is not destroyedduring the production of electricity it can be reused forother purposes.
India`s Hydropower Potential
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Cost factor in Hydropower
Hydro power is the largest renewable energysource being used for the generation ofelectricity. In India, hydro power projects with asustain capacity of up to 25MW each fall underthe category of Small Hydro Power(SHP)
India has estimated SHP potential of about15,000MW, of which about 11% has been tapped
so far. The aim is to install 2% additional powergeneration capacity from SHP during the 11th
plan periods.
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Classifications
Classifications of Micro, Mini & SHP in India
Upto 100KW Micro Hydro Power
101Kw to 2000Kw Mini Hydro Power
2001Kw to 25000Kw Small Hydro Power
SHP Potential of India
Potential - 15,000MW.
Identified Potential - 11,356MW (4554 sites).
Installed Capacity - 1975MW (602 projects).
Under Implementation - 649MW (219 projects)
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STATE WISE IDENTIFIED SMALL HYDREL SITES AND POTENTIAL
UP TO 25 MW CAPACITY (as on 31.3.2009)S.No Name of State IDENTIFIED NUMBER
OF SITESTotal Capacity
(in MW)
1 Andhra Pradesh
489 552.29
2 Arunachal Pradesh566 1333.04
3 Assam60 213.84
4 Bihar94 213.75
5 Chhatisgarh164 706.62
6 Goa9 9.10
7 Gujarat292 196.97
8 Haryana33 110.05
9 Himachal Pradesh547 2268.41
10 Jammu & Kashmir246 1411.72
11 Jharkhand103 208.95
12 Karnataka128 643.16
1 3 Kerala 247 708.10
14 Madhya Pradesh 99 400.58
mnre.gov.in/prog-smallhydro.htm
15 Maharashtra253 762.58
16 Manipur113 109.10
17 Meghalaya 102 229.81
18 Mizoram75 166.94
19 Nagaland99 196.98
20 Orissa222 295.47
21 Punjab234 390.02
22 Rajasthan67 63.17
23 Sikkim91 265.54
24 Tamil Nadu176 499.31
25 Tripura13 46.86
26 Uttar Pradesh220 292.16
27 Uttaranchal
458 1609.25
28 West Bengal 203 393.79
29 A&N Island12 7.91
TOTAL
5,415 14,305.47
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The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES)
supports
SHP project development throughout the country. So far,
523 SHP projects with an aggregate installed capacity of
1705 MW have been installed. Besides these, 205 SHP
projects with an aggregate capacity of 479 MW are under
implementation.
With a capacity addition, on an average, of 100 MW per
year and gradual decrease in gestation periods and capital
costs, the SHP sector is becoming increasingly competitive
with other alternatives.
Fifteen states have announced policies to attractprivate sector entrepreneurs to set up SHP projects.The state electricity regulatory commissions are nowdetermining tariffs by taking into account thesubmissions of all stakeholders including thedevelopers and the MNES.
For commercial projects, these states have offered siteswith a total potential of over2300 MW.
A number of leading financial institutions and banks including Indian Renewable Energy DevelopmentAgency (IREDA), Power Finance Corporation, RuralElectrification Corporation, IDBI,IL&FC, and commercialbanks have started financing SHP projects.
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Recent trends
More emphasis on Irrigation canal based small
hydro projects (Orissa, A.P)
Investment seen from private sector in grid
connected run off river projects
( Uttaranchal, H.P)
More no of stand alone systems for ruralelectrification being implemented
Recent trends
Improvements in Turbine designs for all small
hydro technologies
Packaged plant developments
Source: MNES, AHEC, Roorkee
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Design of Pico turbines (500W range)
Design of battery chargers from small hydro power
Increase in efficiency Electronic Load Controller formicro hydro
Cost reductions in E&M
Usage of composites for components
Use of COANDA system to improve overall small hydrosystem efficiency
Source: AHEC Roorkee
Hydropower is the leading source of
renewable energy. It provides more than 97%
of all electricity generated by renewable
sources. Other sources including solar,
geothermal, wind and biomass account for
less than 3% of renewable electricityproduction.
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It is the time to re-think how to manage freshwater
resources is one of the greatest challenges facing
the world in the new century. Shape the future
projects to the sustainable development
Dams are one of the greatest inventions ofmankind. It won't be wrong to say that manyof the countries' economies and sustainabilitydepends on the dams in those countries.Dams are very important as they not only area source of water but also save people fromflooding and the most important thing is thatthey provide us with a very cheap source ofproducing energy
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References
K.R.Saxena, V.M.Sharma, 2005, Dams Incidents and Accidents,Tylor and
Francis publications,190-209.
CHRONICLE,ISBN NO-0971-4073 VOL XX NO.9,may 2010,134-144
www.riverkeepers.org
Benefits and concerns about Dams,International commission on Large
Dams.
http;//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India
http;//Indianews.com/2006-06/10698-kalamattend-jatropa-plants-
conservation.htm.Retrived 2006-07-08
When 85 millions of electricity consumers switch off a 60 watts bulb
in peak load time , then we can save 360 mega watts of electricity. if a
450 mega watts of electricity is produced then only consumer get 350
mega watts electricity , cost of production of 1 mega electric watts isnearly in 8 Crore Indian rupees . So if you switch of one bulb in peak
time you can save a 3600 Crore rupees
Thank you