Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(TFI)
IPCC Open Meeting in Yokohama, Japan (22 August 2011)Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions - A Basis of Climate Actions
Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC TFI Technical Support Unit)
WG3WG2
WG1
Background (1)GHGs are generated and released
by human activities
Increased GHGs in the atmosphere enhance the radiative forcing of the climate system
Climate changes on a global scale – global averaged surface temperature rises, sea level rises, global precipitation pattern changes, …
Social and economic systems are affected by climate change – economic loss caused by
floods and droughts, increased incidence of death and serious illness, …
Need for Adaptation Need for Mitigation
How muchGHGs from
what sources?
Background (2)
IPCC PlenaryIPCC Bureau
WG1Science
IPCC/OECD/IEAInventory Programme
WG2Impact, Adaptation,
Vulnerability Assessment
WG3Mitigation
Secretariat
1988 The IPCC was established.1990 The IPCC issued its First Assessment Report.
The Second WCC called for the creation of a global treaty.1991 The INC on a convention on climate change started negotiations.
The IPCC/OECD/IEA Inventory Programme was launched.1992 The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted.1994 The IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories were developed.1995 The UNFCCC COP1 in Berlin decided to use the IPCC Guidelines.
WCC: World Climate ConferenceINC: Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee
Establishment of TFI
IPCC PlenaryIPCC Bureau
WG1Science
WG2Impact, Adaptation,
Vulnerability Assessment
WG3Mitigation
TFIGHG Inventories
Secretariat
1997 UNFCCC COP3 was held in Kyoto, and the Kyoto Protocol was adopted.1998 The IPCC14 decided to establish TFI.
• The need for continuous improvement of GHG emission estimation methodologies was recognized.
• Because of emission reduction commitments set in the Kyoto Protocol, the importance of national GHG inventories increased.
• Japan offered to host the TFI TSU with financial contribution.1999 The TFI TSU was established at IGES in Japan. TFI went into operation.
TFI-TSU established in JapanWG1 TSU
(UK)WG3 TSU
(The Netherlands)
WG2 TSU(USA)
IPCC Secretariat (in Switzerland)
Technical Support Units for WGs/TF (TSUs) in 1999
TFI TSU(Japan)
TFI-TSU established in JapanWG1 TSU
(Switzerland)WG3 TSU(Germany)
WG2 TSU(USA)
Technical Support Units for WGs/TF (TSUs) in 2011
TFI TSU(Japan)IPCC Secretariat
(in Switzerland)
Objectives of TFITo develop and refine an internationally-agreed
methodology and software for the calculation and reporting of national GHG emissions and removals; and
To encourage the widespread use of this methodology by countries participating in the IPCC and by Parties to the UNFCCC.
The TFI is responsible for assessing and developing inventory methods and practices which are scientifically sound and relevant to all countries, noting particularly the lack of information in developing countries.
Task Force Bureau (TFB)The TFB shall provide guidance to the TFI.The TFB consists of 14 members.
(1) (2) These two pairs both share one TFB position.
Name Country Name Country
Mr. Leonidas OsvaldoGIRARDIN
Argentina Mr. Taka HIRAISHI Japan
Mr. Robert STURGISS Australia(1) Mr. Leonard BROWN New Zealand(1)
Ms. Thelma KRUG Brazil Mr. Sadeddin KHERFAN Syrian Arab Republic (2)
Ms. Detelina PETROVA Bulgaria(2) Mr. Emmanuel MPETA Tanzania
Mr. Art JAQUES Canada Ms. SirinthotutepTOWPRAYOON
Thailand
Mr. Sergio GONZALEZ MARTINEAUX
Chile Mr. Jim PENMAN UK
Ms. Lingxi ZHOU China Mr. William IRVING USA
Mr. Rizaldi BOER Indonesia Mr. Washington ZHAKATA
Zimbabwe
IPCC GuidelinesProvides internationally-agreed methodologies
to estimate GHG emissions/removalsCalculates anthropogenic emissions/removalsCalculates, in principle, all emissions/removals of
GHGs within national territory and offshore areas over which the country has jurisdiction Sources and Sinks covered
EnergyIndustrial ProcessesSolvent and Other Product UseAgricultureLand Use, Land-Use Change &ForestryWaste
Gases covered
CO2、CH4、N2O、HFCs、PFCs、SF6、・・・NOX、CO、NMVOC、SO2
Evolution of IPCC Guidelines1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1995 IPCCGuidelines
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
Good Practice Guidance Good Practice
Guidance for LULUCF
2006 IPCC Guidelines
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGENATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME
Launched in 2002
Emission Factor Database (EFDB)
Periodically revised to improve the methodologies taking account of advance in scientific and technological knowledge as well as needs of international society.
Tool to support users of IPCC Guidelines
TFI TSU has been supported by Government of Japan since 1999.
Production of IPCC GuidelinesIPCC approved
outline
Governments, organizations
nominated experts
TFB selected Authors
Lead Authors Meetings
Authors prepared 1st
–order DRAFT
Expert Review
Lead Authors MeetingAuthors prepared 2nd
–order DRAFT
Expert and Government Review
Lead Authors Meeting
Authors prepared FINAL DRAFT
Final distribution and Government consideration
IPCC accepted/adopted
the Guidelines
In the case of 2006 IPCC Guidelines
2003.11
2003.11 –2004.01
2004.04
2004.05 –2005.01
2005.02
2005.02 –2005.04
2005.07
2005.09
2005.09 –2005.11
2005.12
2006.03
2006.03 –2006.04
2006.04
Work of over 250 authors
over 2 years!!
UNFCCC and IPCC TFI (1)• The Parties to the UNFCCC are required to use the
IPCC Guidelines for preparation of GHG inventories.UNFCCC
1992 UNFCCC was adopted. 1994 UNFCCC entered into force.1995 COP1 (Berlin)
Decided that the IPCC Guidelines should be used by Parties.
1996 COP2 (Geneva)Decided again that the IPCC Guidelines should be used by Parties.
1997 COP3(京都)
Reaffirmed that Parties should use the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
IPCC1991 IPCC/OECD/IEA Inventory
Programme was launched.1994 1995 IPCC Guidelines were
produced.
1996 Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines were produced.
UNFCCC and IPCC TFI (2)UNFCCC
1998 SBSTA8 (Bonn)Encouraged the IPCC to prepare a report on good practice.
2000 SBSTA12 (Bonn)Decided that Annex I Parties shall use GPG2000.
2001 COP7 (Marrakesh)Invited the IPCC to prepare a report on good practice for LULUCF.
2002 SBSTA17 (New Delhi)Invited the IPCC to revise the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines by early 2006.
2003 COP9 (Milan)Decided that Annex I Parties shall use GPG-LULUCF.
2005 COP/MOP1 (Monteral)Decided that Annex I Parties shall use 1996 Guidelines and GPGs under KP.
IPCC-TFI
1999 Started work on GPG20002000 Produced GPG2000
2002 Started work on GPG-LULUCF
2003 Produced GPG-LULUCF
2004 Started work on 2006 IPCC Guidelines
UNFCCC and IPCC TFI (3)UNFCCC
2006 SBSTA24 (Bonn)Welcomed the timely work of the IPCC in preparing the 2006 IPCC GuidelinesStarted consideration of 2006 IPCC Guidelines. (Consideration is still going on.)
2010 SBSTA31(Cancun)invited the IPCC to undertake further methodological work on wetlands, focusing on the rewetting and restoration of peatland,with a view to filling in the gaps in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines in these areas and tocomplete this work for the SBSTA 39.
IPCC-TFI
2006 Produced the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
2011 Starts work on the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands
Revision/Update by the IPCC
UNFCCC and IPCC TFI (4)
1995 IPCC Guidelines
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
GPG2000(non-LULUCF)
GPG2003(LULUCF)
2006 IPCC Guidelines
Currently, all the Parties used these under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. Under consideration
(will be used from 2015?)Annex I Parties shall use GPGs.
Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to use GPGs.
On-going Activities of IPCC TFI
Awareness raising of Guidelines
Addressing technical
issuesFacilitating
use of Guidelines
PublicityPamphlets
Primer for 2006 Guidelines
Website
SoftwareFAQ
Emission Factor Database (EFDB)
Review: LULUCF GuidanceUncertainty
Tier 3 models & measurements
Support to Users of IPCC Guidelines• Primer for 2006 IPCC Guidelines
• FAQ (Frequently asked questions)
• Emission Factor Database– A electronic library of emission factors and other parameters that
can be used to calculate GHG emissions/removals
• Software for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines– Under development. The latest version can be downloaded.
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/support/support.html
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/faq/faq.html
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/support/support.html
CO2 from combustion of crude oilCO2 Emissions (Gg/yr) = CEF • AD • 44/12 • 10-3
CEF = carbon emission factor for crude oil (t-C/TJ)AD = Crude oil consumption expressed in energy unit (TJ)
N2O from adipic acid productionN2O Emissions (Gg/yr) = EF • AD • 10-6
EF = emission factor for adipic acid production (kg / tonnes of adipic acid produced)AD = amount of adipic acid produced (t)
CH4 from enteric fermentation of dairy cattleCH4 Emissions (Gg/yr) = EF • AD • 10-6
EF = emission factor for dairy cattle (kg/head/year)AD = population of dairy cattle in the country (head)
Emission Factor Database (EFDB)
Activity Data (AD) can usually be obtained from national statistics, etc., however, it is often not easy to obtain appropriate Emission Factors (EF)…
EFDB – Dynamically evolving library• A library:
Documented Emission Factors (interpreted broadly – all parameters) Peer reviewed Non-peer reviewed (government reports, industry studies etc.) In any language (need English abstract)
Available through internet as well as in the form of CDROMhttp://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/
Information about when and where this data may be applicable Evolves dynamically - new data from inventory compilers,
researchers, industry... Communication platform for distribution of new research and
measurement data Data evaluated by Editorial Board (EB)
• However the user MUST decide if this is suitable in their specific situation
Two different applications are available. Web application
(http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/)– For all users to carry out on-line search– For data providers to submit new emission factors or
other parameters
CDROM application– For all users, in particular for those who have difficulty
with Internet connection, to carry out off-line search
Appreciation and expectation to TFI
TFI TSU(Japan)
After the acceptance/adoption of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, the IPCC Chairman Dr. Pachauri sent a letter to Ms. Koike, Environment Minister of Japan, on behalf of the IPCC:To commend on the work of the TFI To express deep gratitude to the Government of Japan for the
generous support to the TFITo express hope for continued support in view of the growing
demand for IPCC methodological work In particular, the demand of UNFCCC for TFI work is likely to continue
growing.
Thank you!For further information, please
visit our website.http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/
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