INVENTIONS AND
DISCOVERIES
BY INDIA
Contents Zero (500 AD)
Diamond Iron Working (1800 - 1200 BCE) Ink (4th century BCE) Ludo Buttons Sugar refinement Algebraic abbreviations Zinc Indigo Dye Muslin Shampoo Cashmere wool
Zero (500 AD)Indians were the first to use the zero as a
symbol and in arithmetic operations. In those earlier times a blank space was used to denote zero, later when it created confusion a dot was used to denote zero, in 500 AD circa Aryabhata again gave a new symbol for zero(0) with some
new rules.
DiamondDiamonds were first recognized and
mined in central India, where significant alluvial deposits of the
stone could then be found along the rivers Penner, Krishna and Godavari.
Iron Working (1800 BCE—1200 BCE)Use of Iron in making various utensils and weapons was first done by Indians and the whole world knows it. Iron working started in early Vedic period and the skill
was then adopted by the world.
Ink (4th century BCE)The carbon black from which India
ink is produced is obtained by burning bones, tar, pitch, and
other substances.
Ludo Pachisi originated in India by the 6th century. The earliest evidence of this
game in India is the depiction of boards on the caves of Ajanta. This game was
played by the Mughal emperors of India, a notable example being that of Akbar.
Buttons Buttons were used in the Indus Valley
Civilization for ornamental purposes by 2000 BCE. Some buttons were carved into geometric shapes and had holes pierced into them so that they could be attached to clothing by using a
thread. Ian McNeil (1990) holds that: "The button, in fact, was originally used more as an ornament than as a fastening, the earliest known being found at Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus Valley.
Sugar Refinement Sugarcane was originally from tropical South
Asia and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations with S.
barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea.
The mathematician Brahmagupta had begun using abbreviations for unknowns by the 7th
century. He employed abbreviations for multiple unknowns occurring in one complex
problem. Brahmagupta also used abbreviations for square roots.
Algebraic abbreviations
Zinc was first smelted from zinc ore in India. Zinc mines of Zawar, near
Udaipur, Rajasthan, were active during early Christian era. There are references of medicinal uses of zinc in the Charaka
Samhita (300 BCE).
Zinc
Indigo dye Indigo, a blue pigment and a dye, was used in India, which was also the earliest major center for its production and processing. The Indigofera tinctoria variety of Indigo was
domesticated in India.
The fabric was named after the city where Europeans first encountered it, Mosul, in what is now Iraq, but the fabric actually originated from Dhaka in what is now Bangladesh. In the 9th century, an Arab merchant named Sulaiman makes note of the material's origin in Bengal (known as
Ruhml in Arabic).
Muslin
SHAMPOOThe word shampoo in English is derived from Hindustani chāmpo , and dates to 1762. The shampoo itself originated in the eastern regions of the Mughal Empire that ruled
erstwhile India.
Cashmere wool The woolen shawls made from wool in Kashmir region of India find written mention between 3rd century BCE and the 11th century CE.
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