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Ubuntu Linux Training
Copyright Thibauld Favre [email protected]
www.allmyapps.com
March 15, 2007
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Today's Training Overview
This morning : Theory
Introduction to the Free & Open Source Software World
Linux Distributions Explained
The Hardware Support Challenge
This afternoon : Hands on!
Ubuntu Installation
Package Management
Ubuntu Usage
Conclusion
Objective of the day :
Optimize your knowledge of Ubuntu Software Desktop & Server
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Introduction to theFree & Open Source Software World
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Some History
All began with a printer...
Richard Stallman, American
Launches the GNU Project in 1984
Linux, child of the Internet
Linus Torvalds, Finnish
First Linux kernel released as he was a student in 1991
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Achievements
IT accessible and affordable for everyone
Fosters innovation
Proprietary software players are bound to innovate
good-enough isn't acceptable anymore from a proprietary software vendor
New business models emerge, more customer friendly (service oriented)
Open Source
Software-as-a-Service
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Threats
Software patents
Fear, Uncertainty & Doubt (FUD)
Already in America, Japan
Tough battle in Europe to fight softwarepatents
Content control
Digital Right Management (DRM)
Protecting Intellectual Property (IP)
DMCA
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Dissuasion strategy
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Linux Distributions Explained
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The Free & Open Source Software Galaxy
kernel
GNU Tools
SendmailX11
KDEMySQL
OpenOffice.org
Nautilus
Amarok
F-spot
Gnome
1991
1995
2000
2005
Time
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Applications Organization & Dependencies
X.org
v7.1
Gnu tools
Kernel
v2.6.17
Apache
v1.3.35
MySQL
v5.0
JAVA
v1.5
PHP
v5
Jboss
v4.0.5
J2EE
App
Sugar CRM
v1.2
Qtv3.4
Gnome
v2.16
Other toolkitsGTKv1.2
F-spot
Firefoxv2.0.1
Kde
v3.5
Scribus
v1.2.4
Amarok
v1.4
OpenOffice.org
v2.1
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What is a repository ?
v2.6.17
v4
v3.5
v5
Time
v2.6.18
v2.6.16
v2.1
v2.16
v1.4
v0.17
v5
v5.0.1
v1.2
v1.1
v1.2
v0.18
v2.15
v1.5
Which applications to include?
Which version of each application to include?
A Linux distribution repository
i.e. Edgy
A repository is a coherent and stabilized set of selected applications
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Ubuntu repositories (i.e. Edgy)
main
universe
multiverse
restricted
commercial
custom
Key FOSS applications
maintained by Canonical employees
i.e. Kernel, KDE, Gnome...
FOSS Applications
maintained by the Ubuntu community
i.e. TinyERP, Wine...
Non-free applications
maintained by the Ubuntu community
i.e. Extra multimedia codecs, Microsoft fonts, Acrobat Reader, Java...
Free applications but with limitedcopyright
maintained by Canonical employees
i.e. Nvidia & ATI video drivers...
Commercial applications
maintained by Canonical employees
i.e. Opera, Realplayer...
Custom applications
maintained by ??
May be dangerous to use
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Ubuntu Server & [Ubuntu | Kubuntu] Desktop
Ubuntu Server
Ubuntu Desktop
Kubuntu Desktop
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A repository lifecycle
v2.6.17
v4v3.5
v5
Time
v2.6.18
v2.1v2.16
v1.4v0.17
v5
v5.0.1
v1.2v1.1
v1.2
v0.18
v1.5
Edgy repository
v1.2.1
v2.6.18.1
v1.5.1
v1.3
Time
backport
bugfix
security
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Debian Linux release mechanism
Time
Free & Open Source software Debian Unstable Debian Testing Debian Stable releases
Sarge
Woody
Potato
Released 6th, june 2005
Released 19th, july 2002
Released 14th, july 2000
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Ubuntu Linux release mechanism
Debian Testing Debian Stable releases
Sarge
Woody
Potato
6th, june 2005
19th, july 2002
14th, july 2000
4.10 - Warty
20th, october 20045.04 - Hoary
8th, april 2005
5.10 - Breezy
13th, october 2005
6.06 - Dapper
1st, june 2006
6.10 - Edgy
26th, october 2006
Ubuntu Stable releases
sync
sync
sync
sync
sync
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Core 6
Debian
stable
Linux Distributions release overview
FOSS
Time
Woody
Sarge
Breezy
Dapper
Edgy
Debian
unstable
Debian
testing
Ubuntu
stable
Fedora
OpenSuse
Core 3
Core 4
Core 5
RHEL 5
RHEL 4
10.0
10.1
10.2
SLE 10
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Linux distributions quick comparison
Novell / Suse
Free & OpenSource Software
Ubuntu
Red Hat
Main specificity : YAST
Main specificity : Free
Main specificity : Leader
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Windows platform development comparison
Windows XP
Time
Adobe IntelMicrosoft Macromedia SymantecISV
ISV
ISVISV
ISVISV
ISVISV
ISVISV
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Challenge : Mixing proprietary & free software
FOSS
?
?
??
?? ? ?
? ? ? ?? ? ?
??
??
??
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The Hardware Support Challenge
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The Kernel
HW DHW CHW BHW A
MA
CHINE
KERNEL
A
PPLICATIONS
Module A Module B Module C Module D
Appli A Appli B Appli C Appli D
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A political issue
Linus [..] explained that while the user-visible Linux ABI tries to remain
static, the internal ABI is not at all. When it was pointed out that a
stable internal ABI would help binary-only module authors, he added :
"It's not going to happen. I am _totally_ uninterested in a stable ABI for
kernel modules, and in fact I'm actively against even _trying_. I want
people to be very much aware of the fact that kernel internals do
change, and that this will continue."Kerneltrap 9th, december 2003
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What it means
HW DHW CHW BHW A
MA
CHINE
KERNEL
APPLICATIONS
Module A Module B Module C
Appli A Appli B Appli C Appli D
HW DHW CHW BHW A
Module A Module B Module C Module D
Appli A Appli B Appli C Appli D
MACH
INE
KERNEL
APPLICATIONS
2.6.18 2.6.19upgrade
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The Hardware Compatibility Challenge
Vanilla Kernel
development
Hardware
Vendor
Stable Linux
Distribution kernel
Hardware A
Hardware B
v2.6.20
v2.6.19
v2.6.18
v2.6.17
Driver A
Driver B
Hardware Compatibility
A B
Breezy
Dapper
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Kernel lifecycle : 3 strategies
Bugfixing (corrective maintenance)Pros: Safest and easiest way to proceed
Cons: No new drivers are included, so the distribution quicklybecomes hardware obsolete
Who: Ubuntu, Mandriva
Upgrading (evolutive maintenance)Pros: New drivers get included, the distribution is always hardwareup-to-date
Cons: Put the system stability at risk, new bugs can find their way in
Who: Gentoo, Fedora
Backporting
Pros: The distribution stays up-to-date whithout sacrificing the systemstability
Cons: Requires heavy exponential work
Who: Red Hat, Novell
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Who we are?2 former entrepreneurs
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