Introduction to the Head and Neck

Add, remove and highlight groups of structures with the Systems, Regions and Tissues tabs

• Dragthereferenceplaneinthedissectionareabyitsbluebordertothemiddleoftheneck(the cross sections are numbered in the lower left corner, you should be close to 249)

• Exploretheanatomyoftheneckbymovingyourmouseoverthecrosssection(structures are identified at the top of the cross section area)

2 Set the cross section through the area we want to explore:

Name the three other muscles that form the superficial anterior neck:

1. 2.

3.

• Selectthe“Dissect”toolfromthetoolbarbelowthedissectionarea(turns blue when selected)

• Clickontheskintoremoveit(now you see the fat and other subcutaneous tissue)

• Removethefatjustliketheskin

3 Skin the cadaver to reveal the anatomy below:

Use the tools and controls in the toolbar below each area to manipulate the

corresponding dissection or cross-section

Learning ObjectiveAftercompletingthisexercise,youwillbeabletoidentifymajormusclesoftheheadandneckaswellasidentifybloodvesselsandnerves.

• Selectthe“Index”tab• Enter“sternocleidomastoid”intothesearchbox• Selectthe“Sternocleidomastoid-Left”fromthelist• Clickthe“Add&Highlight”button

(the cross sections are in standard radiologic orientation so the left sternocleidomastoid muscle is highlighted on the right side)

5 Identify the sternocleidomastoid muscle by highlighting it:

Locate specific structures with the Index tab

• Clickthe“Clear”buttontoclearthedissectionarea• Selectthe“Systems”tab• Select“Skeletalsystem”andclickthe“Add”button• Fromthe“Regions”tab• Expandthe“Neck”usingtheicontotheleft• Expand“Arteries”section• Selectthe“Commoncarotidartery”andclick“Add&Highlight”

5 Isolate the arteries that feed the brain by simplifying the dissection:

• Select“Classic”fromthe“Views”dropdownmenuintheupper-leftcornerofthescreen• Resetthedissectionbyclickingthe“Reset”buttonintheupper-rightcornerofthescreen

1 Start by setting the screen view:

• Usethe“Zoom”control,locatedinthetoolbarbelowthedissectionarea,toenlargethediessection• Selectthe“Move”toolanddragthedissectionwithyourmousetorepositionit• Dissecttheplatysma• Dissecttheveinsoftheanteriorandposteriorheadandnecktocleanupthedissection

4 Isolate the arteries that feed the brain by simplifying the dissection:

What artery and nerve lie within the Parotid gland?

1.

2.

Which major structure passes through the Buccinator muscle?(Hint: This structure originates from a prominent gland in the area)

1.

Rotate the dissection using the left or right arrow keys while holding the command (Mac) or ctrl (PC) key

Alternately, use the rotation tool below the dissection area

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Name the two major branches of the Common carotid artery? (Hint: follow the artery superiorly until it branches)

1. 2.

Move the cross section 1 mm at a time by holding the command (Mac) or ctrl (PC) key while pressing the up or down arrow keys

Highlight structures or de-highlight a structure with the highlight tool

• HighlighttheMedialandLateralpterygoidmusclesinthecrosssection• Bringthecrosssectiondowntothemiddleofthemouthtofindanothermusclethataidschewing• Highlightthebuccinatormuscleinthecrosssection

• SetthecrosssectionthroughtheNeckofthemandible(cross section 149)• Selectthe“Highlight”toolfromthetoolbar• HighlighttheMassetermusclebyclickingonitinthecrosssection

• Locatethecommoncarotidarteriesinthecrosssection(these are located just deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscles)

• Usethe“Zoom”controltoenlargethediessection• Followthearteriessuperiorlybyholdingdownthecommand(Mac)orctrl(PC)keywhilepressingtheuparrowkeytomove1mmatatimethroughthecrosssections

6 Follow the common carotid artery as it branches:

• Clickthe“Clear”buttontoclearthedissection• Inthe“Systems”tab,addthe“Skeletalsystem”• AddandhighlighttheTemporalismuscle(hint: use the index tab)• Selectthe“Rotate”toollocatedinthetoolbarbelowthedissectionarea• Rotatetoaleftlateralviewbyclickinginthedissectionareaanddraggingthemouseleftorright.

7 Visualize a more advanced anatomical concept, the Muscles of Mastication:

• LocatetheParotidglandinthecrosssectionandhighlightit• Noticethestructuresburiedwithinthegland

8 The Parotid gland: