Download - Introduction to Telecommunication Network · Fathur AB Anin A Afif A Hari A Gary A Dhika AB April AB Mulya AB Rizka B Dion AB Siska AB Mirel AB Hani AB Airita AB

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id

Fathur AB

Anin A

Afif A

Hari A

Gary A

Dhika AB

April AB

Mulya AB

Rizka B

Dion AB

Siska AB

Mirel AB

Hani AB

Airita AB

Yusuf AB


Public Switch Telephone Network The Access

Course Number : TTH2A3

CLO : 1

Week : 2


How do we connect telephone?

One to One

One to Two



Two to Two


How many copper cable needed for each line?

Basically, only 2:

• TD (Transmit Data)

• RD (Receive Data)


PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network)

• PSTN consists of groups of local networks, connected by long distance network

• Main element of local network is customer premises equipment (CPE), copper cable that connect customer (subscriber) to local switch through main distribution frame (MDF).


What are main characteristics of PSTN?

• Analog, able to transfer 300-3400 Hz or 64 kbps

• circuit-switched = with handshaking + dedicated path

• Fixed station, limited mobility

• Foundation of all telecommunication standard easy integration with ISDN, PLMN, PDN


Three main networks in PSTN

1. Backbone network core network, connects all local exchange (switching unit within local network)

2. Access Network – connect subscriber to local exchange

– Four types of access network: • Access Network with Copper

• Access Network with Radio

• Access Network with Fiber Optic

• Access Network with Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC)

3. Interconnection Network special backbone network, connect other licensed operator


Three main networks in PSTN

Local Network Local Network

Core Network

1. Backbone / Core network

2. Access Network / Local Loop

3. Interconnection Network

Access Network

Other Licensed Operator

Interconnection Network

Backbone Network

Local Exchange


Topology


Core Network

Core Network

Other Licensed Operator

Interconnection Network

Backbone Network


Local Exchange

Basic functionalities:

• Connects two subscribers through switching mechanism

• Provides signaling for synchronization

• Provides subscriber ID (numbering)

Local Network

Local Exchange

Street Cabinet

Direct Feeder

Primary Cable

Secondary Cable

Distribution Point


Direct Feeder

When to Use? • In area where subscribers are located nearby the Local Exchange

• In area with small number of subscriber

• Connecting VIP

Benefit: • Lower cost (no street cabinet)

• Easier cable management

Loss: • Not Flexible (for rerouting)

• Tougher to locate fault


Street Cabinet


Distribution Point

10 pairs DP 20 pairs DP


Fiber Optic for Transmission

• As a replacement for primary cable

• As a replacement to reach subscriber FTTx:

FTTP (Premises): Home, Building, Desktop, Office, Zone

FTTdp (Distribution Point)

FTTN (Node)

FTTC (Cabinet) Street

Cabinet

Primary Cable

Secondary Cable

Distribution Point


Radio for Transmission

RADIO TOWER

(ANTENNA)

LOCAL EXCHANGE

BASE STATION Telephone

SUBCRIBER

RADIO TERMINAL

RADIO TOWER

(ANTENNA)

LOCAL EXCHANGE

BASE STATION

RADIO TOWER

(ANTENNA)

BASE STATION

Telephone

Telephone

Single Channel

Multi Channel

RADIO TOWER

(ANTENNA)

LOCAL EXCHANGE

BASE STATION

Telephone

SUBCRIBER

RADIO TERMINAL

TelephoneREPEATER

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Multi Access


Comparison between Copper – Fiber – Radio

Copper Fiber Optic Radio

Speed Fastest Slowest

Cost Highest Lowest

Distance Nearest Farthest

MTTF* Shortest Longest

MTTR** Shortest Longest

MTTI*** Longest Shortest

Quality (S/N)**** Best Worst

*MTTF = Mean Time To Failure (Longest = good) **MTTR = Mean Time To Recovery (Shortest = good) ***MTTI = Mean Time To Install (Shortest = good) ****S/N = Signal to Noise Ratio


See you on next class