by Akanksha Agrawal and Sana Khan
A server is a collection of hardware resources that are accessed by an OS through specialized drivers.
These resources can be:
● CPU processor● RAM (or memory)● Storage● Network Interface Card (NIC)
In a virtualized server:
● there is an added layer called the Hypervisor.
● there are multiple isolated VMs running its own operating system and applications.
● Underutilization, inefficient usage of servers.
● Server Proliferation.
● Wastage of space, power, high costs of cooling the environment incurred by
the data centers.
● Availability
● Virtualization results in a much better disaster recovery capability.
● Fault tolerance
● Ease in Migration
● Flexibility
● Huge decrease in the time it takes to provision new applications.
● Promote standardization.
● Virtualization is a methodology of dividing the resources of a computer into
multiple execution environments.
● Virtualization decouples the application and operating system from the server
hardware.
● Application based addressing is based on where that physical server is located.
● The MAC address is associated with the physical server.
● Create logical, virtual networks that are decoupled from the underlying
network hardware.
● Ensure the network can better integrate with and support increasingly virtual
environments.
● Creates a logical software-based view of the networking resources (switches,
routers, etc.)
Networking as a Service
● Switching
● Routing
● Load Balancing ( LBaaS )
● Firewalling ( FWaaS )
● etc
● Network (CRUD)
● Subnet (CRUD)
● Port (CRUD)
● neutron net-create neutron subnet-create● neutron net-list neutron subnet-list● neutron net-update neutron subnet-show● neutron net-delete neutron subnet-update
neutron subnet-delete● neutron port-create● neutron port-list● neutron port-show● neutron port-update● neutron port-delete
http://docs.openstack.org/cli-reference/neutron.html
1. Create a network.2. Create a subnet and associate it with the network.3. Boot the virtual machine instance and specify the network.4. Nova interfaces with Neutron to create a port on the network.5. Neutron assigns a MAC address and IP address to the newly created port
using attributes defined by the subnet.6. Nova starts the instance.7. The instance sends a DHCP request during boot, at which point, the DHCP
server responds with the IP address corresponding to the MAC address of the instance.
The main components are:
● Neutron Server● Plugins● Plugin Agents● Message Queue● Database● DHCP Agent● L3 Agent
● Neutron receives a request to connect VM to a new network.
● Local
● Flat
● VLAN
● VXLAN
. . . the Switch/Router has to figure out what to do with the packet.
Switches and Routers have two logical planes of functions:
● Control Plane / Forwarding Plane: the logic that determines how traffic is
handled.
● Data Plane: the actual moving of packets from one network interface to
another.
● In case of network changes, each device needs to be configured individually.
● Different vendors have different control plane logic.
● Decouple the control plane (software) from the data plane (hardware).
● Provide centralized control and enjoy the benefits of a programmable
network.
● OpenFlow: protocol that allows centralized management to take place.
● ovs-vsctl command (Configuring OpenvSwitch)
● ovs-ofctl command (Adding flow rules with OpenFlow)
● SDN and NFV Simplified: A Visual Guide to Understanding Software Defined
Networks and Network Function Virtualization By: Jim Doherty
● OpenStack Networking Essentials By: James Denton
● Learning OpenStack Networking (Neutron) - Second Edition By: James
Denton
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