© OECD/IEA 2012
IEA/AFREC Training Energy Statistics Cairo, Egypt, Oct. 20-23, 2014
Introduction to Energy Statistics Why and how to collect necessary energy statistics
Pierre Boileau
IEA Energy Data Centre
© OECD/IEA 2012 © OECD/IEA, 2010
Any socio-economic category needs statistics to operate. This is also true for energy statistics
Company managers
Energy bills, consumption/tonne, where to save
Even truer for energy companies Refinery: throughputs, stocks
Electricity generation: fuel input, electricity production
A few examples:
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Importance of energy statistics for policy makers
IEA Member countries have an obligation to hold 90 days of stocks (net imports)
Need reliable and timely data on imports, consumption and stocks
OPEC Member countries: production vs quota
Need reliable and timely data on production
EU Member countries: obligation to have a minimum share of electricity consumption coming from renewables
Need reliable data on renewables
AFREC countries: to ensure, co-ordinate and harmonize the protection, preservation, development and the rational exploitation, marketing and integration of the energy resources of the African continent
Need reliable data on both supply and demand
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Households
Industry
Heating
Transport
Electricity
Cooking
Coal
Agriculture
Mining
Oil Natural Gas
Lighting
Services
Energy Unit
Physical Unit
Socio-Economic Biomass
Money
What statistics to collect?
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What statistics to collect?
Collecting any statistics has a cost
However not having proper information could lead to higher costs
So, limit the collecting to what is necessary
What is necessary depends on your needs
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A few Basic Principles for Establishing an Energy Information System
Do not collect statistics for the sake of collecting
statistics but collect only statistics which are needed
Establish a legal basis
Establish a proper reporting mechanism:
Questionnaires (as user friendly as possible)
A network of focal points
An agreed timetable
Establish proper dissemination mechanism
Allocate proper resources to collect/process the data
Do not lock the system. Keep the system live in order
to anticipate the evolution of the energy situation
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Establish a Legal Basis
AGREEMENT
ON AN
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAM
(As amended to 7th August 1992)
ACCORD
RELATIF A
UN PROGRAMME INTERNATIONAL
DE L’ENERGIE
(Tel qu’amendé jusqu’au 7 août 1992)
ÜBEREINKOMMEN
ÜBER EIN
INTERNATIONALES ENERGIEPROGRAMM
(In der Fassung vom 7. August 1992)
Decisions of Governing Board
Decisions of
Specific Committees
(Emergency preparedness, etc.)
+
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Energy Questionnaires
All energy forms: Internal consistency checks, common format,
common units, etc.
Establish a proper reporting mechanism
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Production
Import
Export
International Marine Bunkers
International Aviation Bunkers
Stock Changes
Domestic Supply
Transfers
Statistical Differences
Transformation Sector
Energy Sector Own Use
Distribution Losses
Final Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport
Other Sectors
Non Energy Uses
Oil Questionnaire
What flows are collected?
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What products are collected?
Coal (1 Type, but must specify calorific value)
Natural gas
Crude Oil and Petroleum products (8 products)
Nuclear Energy
Hydro Energy
Renewable Energy (Mainly biomass)
Electricity
TOTAL: over 15 products/categories
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AFREC
National
Administrations
Send The Questionnaires
Filling the questionnaires with the
collected data
Questionnaires sent
back to AFREC
An agreed timetable
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Data sharing among organisations
Others? Meeting international standards
Helping with data quality control
Reduces burden on reporters
Comparability of data
Across Africa
Around the World
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Books
CDs
Internet
Establish a proper dissemination mechanism
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National
Administrations
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION
AND DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
COMMITTEE FOR ENERGY POLICY
UNITED NATIONS STATISTICAL DIVISION
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE
STATISTICAL DIVISION (QUEST/OIL/1/Rev.1)
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES
EUROSTAT
ENERGY
UNIT
Attached is the annual questionnaire which provides for the submission of 2000 data and a revision of 1999 data where applicable. Administrations are requested to complete the questionnaire at the latest
31 October 2001 . However, if data are available earlier, please do not hesitate to send your questionnaire to the Head of Division, Energy Statistics, Combined Energy Staff, OECD, who will forward the data to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (Geneva). In addition, Member States of the European Union and Candidate Countries are requested to transmit the completed questionnaire to Eurostat, Head of Unit, Energy Statistics, Bâtiment Jean Monnet, Plateau du Kirschberg,
L-2920, Luxembourg.
Data In
Regional
Database
Emergency Policy
Monthly
Oil Survey
July 2004
www.iea.org
How are statistics used?
Oil Market Analysis
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Liberalisation of the market:
From one company to hundreds
Confidentiality (linked to liberalisation)
More work passed to statistics offices:
More companies to survey (liberalisation)
Renewables (remote information)
Energy efficiency indicators (including socio-economic data)
Environment (estimation of GHG emissions, ….)
Etc.
Resources do not follow work load:
Statistics still have a low profile, budget cuts
Fast turnover in staff: lack of experience, continuity Fast turnover in staff
Problems encountered in energy statistics
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The past situation in energy statistics offices
20s
40s
30s
50s
Retirement
age
gaining experience passing experience
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20s
The current situation
efficiency
environment
modelling
Temptation to move away from statistics is high
Young statisticians only stay a few years
Not enough time to have a full grasp of energy statistics
No time to transmit their expertise
40s
30s
50s
Retirement
age
policy
private sector
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How to tackles these problems
Facilitating the work of newcomers in statistics:
Energy Statistics Manual
User-friendly electronic questionnaires
Training
Raising the profile of energy statistics and the role of
statisticians
Ministerial meetings
Governing Board Meetings
Harmonisation and Cooperation
© OECD/IEA 2012 © OECD/IEA, 2010
Facilitating
the work of
newcomers
in statistics
A user-friendly manual
to give necessary
information to
newcomers to
understand/complete
annual questionnaires
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What does the IEA do to help countries improve their statistics (1)
The Manual is now available in 10 languages
and widely used all around the world
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How the IEA tackles these problems
Facilitating the work of newcomers in statistics:
Energy Statistics Manual
User-friendly electronic questionnaires
Training
Harmonisation and Cooperation
Raising the profile of energy statistics and the role of
statisticians
Ministerial meetings
Governing Board Meetings
© OECD/IEA 2012 © OECD/IEA, 2010
Harmonisation and Cooperation
Mexico is a member country of 4 major organisations
UN
© OECD/IEA 2012 © OECD/IEA, 2010
How the IEA tackles these problems
Facilitating the work of newcomers in statistics:
Energy Statistics Manual
User-friendly electronic questionnaires
Training
Harmonisation and Cooperation
Raising the profile of energy statistics and the role of
statisticians
Ministerial meetings
Governing Board Meetings
© OECD/IEA 2012 © OECD/IEA, 2010
Raising the profile of statistics and the role of statisticians
© OECD/IEA 2012 © OECD/IEA, 2010
Decision makers Need the right data
immediately
Allocation of resources
Prime users of the data
Advisors to policy makers
Interface between policy makers and statisticians Lobby
Comments on data
The ones who do the work
Should be fully involved in the whole process Statisticians need to
understand why they collect the data
Policy makers need to understand the problems faced by statisticians
In fact, the relationship between policy makers, analysts and statisticians should be more based on a 3-way street
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On 14-16 November 2011, in Cairo, The program for the AEIS was
launched
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Do not lock the system. Keep the system live to anticipate the evolution of the energy situation
There are constant changes in the energy sector
New products Orimulsion
Oil shale, tar sands
LNG
Ethanol
New forms of energy Wind
Photovoltaic
Hydrogen
New players Liberalisation
Development of trade (oil, coal, gas, electricity)
New Needs Energy efficiency
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Energy efficiency is on top of the energy agenda of many countries
Saving energy in all sectors:
Residential
Transports
Industry
Services
Electricity generation
Increasing exports - reducing imports
Increasing domestic (and global) energy security
Strengthening RD&D
Creating jobs
Reducing greenhouse gas (mainly CO2) emissions
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Energy efficiency is becoming a priority, but in many cases there is no data to launch sound energy efficiency policy and actions
Residential And the 1st priority is...
Industry!
And the last priority is...
Residential!
Lack of proper indicators could lead to major uncertainties for
formulating action plans
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Please Help
Me…
… but it would be a much easier situation!
The other extreme would be to have too many data
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Aggregated
Indicators
TPES/GDP
TPES/Production
Electricity Cons./Population
CO2/GDP PPP
Efficiency Elec. Prod.
Cons./ton cement
Heating Cons./sqm/DD
Litre/100km (stock)
The first step will be
mainly limited to the data
needed to build the
disaggregated indicators
Dry process
Condensing boiler
Litre/100km (vintage)
What data for what indicators
Process
Efficiency
Disaggregated
Indicators
The Indicator Pyramid
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320
350
370
floor area
Not only energy data, but also activity data are necessary.
What data for what indicators?
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A few words to conclude
Energy statistics are the basis for any sound energy policy. As a consequence, it is essential to allocate proper resources to collect the necessary data for monitoring and planning
You don’t build reliable statistics overnight. It takes time, effort, regulation/law, resources, …
It took 40+ years for the IEA to establish its statistics but it is a never ending process since we are constantly expanding coverage and struggling for improving quality
Harmonisation and cooperation are two key words to improve quality and coverage of energy statistics
The IEA is extremely committed to strengthen cooperation with countries in Africa as well as with regional and international organisations
This is the reason why we are delighted to be with you for the next four days in order for us to better understand strengths and weaknesses of energy statistics in your respective countries and for sharing our own experience of international energy statistics.
It is our sincere hope that this workshop will further strengthen the relationship between you and us, and between your countries and the International Energy Agency. Thank you
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