All Hardware

Expert systems

Natural LanguageRobotics

Learning

Neural Networks

Respective systems(vision hearing)

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Introduction to artificial intelligence (AI):

It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable.

Research in to the areas of learning, of language and of sensory perception (sense understanding) have been aided scientists in building intelligent machines. One of the most challenging approaches facing experts is building systems that mimic the behavior of the human brain, made up of billions of neurons, and arguably the most complex matter in the universe. For AI purpose, natural languages such LISP (List processing) and PROLOG (Programming Logic).

Application area of AI:

The areas that influence AI and the branches of AI are expert system, robotics, natural language, learning, computer vision, perceptive system, AI hardware and neural networks. Below figure illustrates the application area of artificial intelligence.

Fig: Application areas of artificial intelligence

1. Expert systems: Expert systems are computer programs that attempt to represent the knowledge of human experts. Expert systems are also known as knowledge-based systems. They can offer opinions, suggest possible diagnoses and suggest various solutions to a problem.

2. Perspective systems: This system use visual Images and auditory signals to instruct computers rather devices, such as robots.

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3. Computer vision:Computer vision is to provide computers with the ability to recognize and identify objects and the context to which they belong.

4. Natural language processing: It enables users to communicate with the computer in human language.

5. Learning: It is the process of taking n\knowledge from environment like as aided hardware and instruction coded by the programmer.

6. AI hardware: It includes the physical device that aid in AI application.7. Robotics: It consists of computer-controlled devices that mimic the motor activities of human.8. Neural networks: These are highly simplified models of the human nervous system that exhibit

abilities such as learning, generalization and abstraction. These abilities enable the models to learn human-like behavior.

Ethical aspects of AI:

The ethics Artificial Intelligence (AI) is addresses a number of moral and legal issues which arise if researchers are able to build machines with intellectual capabilities that will challenge human beings. It may bring unexpected consequences, Danger and potential misuse of the technology. It also considers the way in which AI may be used to benefit humanity. These concerns are similar to those that arise for any sufficiently powerful technology and (for those issues) the ethics of artificial intelligence is a part of a greater importance.

AI also may bring unintended consequences as it has the potentiality to disrupt existing society and introduce new dangers and dissatisfaction. Therefore, before AI gets in to full swing the concerned have to think seriously so that implementation AI will not be used to harm anybody.