Introduction to Anatomy
Gross anatomyRegional anatomy
• Upper limb & lower limb• Thorax • Abdomen & pelvis• Head & neck• Brain
Systemic anatomy• Nervous system (neurology)• Vascular system( Angiology)• Skeletal system (Osteology)• Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine& Urogenital
system (Splanchnology)
Histology
a. General b. Systemic
Embryology
a. General b. Systemic
Anatomical position
• Trendelenberg Position Lying supine with his head slightly lower than
feet.
Lithotomy position
Planes
or frontal plane
or Midsagittal plane
Other planes
Horizontal plane
sagittal plane
/ventral/Dorsal
Flexor surfaceExtensor surface
OTHER TERMSCentral
PeripheralExternal Internal
Superficial Deep
Ipsilateral Contralateral
Cranial or rostralCaudal
Radial
Uln
ar
Tibial
Fibular
Flexion To bend at a joint, or t
o reduce the angle.
Extension To increase the angle
At shoulder joint
Flexion & extension of Thumb
Flexion Extension Lateral
At Trunk
Head movements
At the Foot
Abductionmovement away
from midline
Adduction movement towards midline
Adduction & Abduction at Leg
Abduction & Adduction of fingers
Abduction & Adduction of thumb
At wrist
AdductionAbduction
Rotation
• Movement on longitudinal axis
Medial rotation Lateral rotation
Rotation of Trunk and Head
Circumduction
•Sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction & rotational movements
Elevation Depression
At shoulder joint
Pronation – To rotate the forearm so that the palm faces backward.
Supination -To rotate the forearm so that the palm faces forward.
Supination Pronation
Protraction and Retraction
• Protraction = movement anteriorly on horizontal plane– thrusting the shoulders, jaw,
or pelvis forward
• Retraction is movement posteriorly
At jaw
Opposition and Reposition of thumb
Inversion Eversion
• Medial Rotation to turn inward.
Lateral Rotation to turn outward
Directional Terms
TERMS USED FOR DESCRIBING VESSELS
CapillariesAnastomosis
TERMS USED FOR DESCRIBING MUSCLES
Thank you
THANKS …!!!
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