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CHAPTER 4
ELECTRICAL DEVICE AND CONTROL (EDC)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
BASIC CONTROL SYSTEM (BLOCK DIAGRAM)
signal
processingoutput
signal
input
Switching
component
Amplifying
component
Electrical
Actuator
Pushbuttons etc Relay, timer etc Motor, lamp etc
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
DEFINITION OF CONTROL SYSTEM
Control system- A mechanical, optical, or electronic system that is used to maintain a
desired output.
Control - Control, as applied to control circuits, is a broad term that means anything from
a simple toggle switch to a complex system of components which may include relays,
contactors, timers, switches, and indicating lights. Every electrical circuit for light or
power has control elements. One example of a simple
control circuit is a light switch used to turn lights on and off.
There are many other devices and equipment systems in industrial applications. Motor
control, for example, can be used to start and stop a motor and protect the motor,
associated machinery, and personnel. In addition, motor controllers might also be used
for reversing, changing speed, jogging, sequencing, and pilot-light indication. Control
circuits can be complex: accomplishing high degrees of automatic and precise machine
operation.
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
EXAMPLESOF APPLICATION BYUSING CONTROL SYSTEM
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
COMPONENTS IN CONTROL CIRCUIT
SELECTOR SWITCHES
PILOT LIG
HTS
RELAY
PUSH BUTTON
LIMIT SWITCHES
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
ELECTRICAL INPUT ELEMENTS
FUNCTION OF SWITCH : To open or close the flow of current to the consuming device.
TYPE : "pushbutton switches" (push-buttons), and "control switches".
CONTROL SWITCH : In control switches, the two switching positions are mechanically interlocked. Aswitching position is maintained until the switch is activated once again.
PUSH-BUTTON : A push-button only opens or closes a current circuit for a short time. The selected
switching position is only active while the push-button is pressed.
Both switch types are available for operation with normally closed contacts, normally open contacts
or
changeover contacts.
BASIC TYPE OF SWITCH:
1. Normally open contact
2. Normally closed contact
3. Changeover switch
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL INPUT COMPONENTS)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL INPUT COMPONENTS)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL INPUT COMPONENTS)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL INPUT COMPONENTS)
SENSOR
Used to provide signals representative of conditions in a machine or process.
Provide analogue and discrete signals, to control devices or systems
Discrete signals
Provide ON or OFF signals
Provide information that represents the presence or absence of an object e.g. detects thepresence of bottles on a conveyor.
There are 3 types of sensor in control system:
Touch sensor limit switches
No touch sensor inductive proximity sensor, capacitive proximity sensor, ultrasonic
proximity sensor, reed switch and photoelectric sensor
Sensor ObjectDetected
Technology
Inductive Metal Electromagnetic field
Capacitive Any Electrostatic field
Ultrasonic Any Sound waves
Photoelectric Any Light
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL INPUT COMPONENTS)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
CONTROL RELAYS
Relay is an electro mechanical device which is commonly used to connect two different circuits. It
can connect a low voltage circuit to a high voltage circuit or a low current circuit to a high current
circuit or simply to isolate two circuits.
The simplest relay has one set of contacts (commonly called "change-over" contacts). Inside the
relay is a coil (called a solenoid) and when the coil is energised, the centre core of the solenoid
becomes magnetised and moves an arm closer to the coil. A "contact" is connected to this arm and
the contact touches another contact to complete a circuit.
The contacts are labelled "common" for the moving contact, "normally open" and "normally
closed."
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
RELAY
OPERA
TION Contact Type: Normally Open (NO) & Normally Closed (NC)
When power is applied to the control circuit, the electromagnetic coil will be energized.
The resultant electromagnetic field pulls the armature and contacts toward the electromagnet,
closing the contacts. This allows current to flow through the contacts.
When power is removed, spring tension pushes the armature away, opening the contacts.
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF RELAY
Coil Energized / de-energized
Contact open / closed
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
CONTACTOR
Most motor applications require the use of remote control devices to start and stop
the motor.
Magnetic contactors are commonly used to provide this function.
Contactors are also used to control distribution of power in lighting and heatingcircuits.
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF CONTACTOR
CONTROL CIRCUIT POWER CIRCUIT
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
BASIC OPERATION OF CONTACTOR
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
BASIC OPERATION OF CONTACTOR
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
TIMER RELAY or TIMER
Used in control switching operations involving time delay.
Available timing range from 0.05 sec to 10 hours.
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
TIMER RELAY
Two types :On-delay and Off delay.
An upward pointing arrow indicates On-delay action.
A downward arrow indicates Off-delay.
On-delay functioning means that once a timer has received a signal to turnon, its output will change state after a predetermined delay.
Off-delay timers will change state at a predetermined time after they have
received a signal to turn off.
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING COMPONENTS)
TIMER RELAY
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SAFETY COMPONENTS)
OVERLOAD RELAY
Overload relays are specialized circuit breakers used with industrial motors to protect the
motors from damages caused by overload or electrical faults.
Single-phase and multi-phase power systems typically include an overload relay for
interrupting power in the power conductors when a fault condition occurs, such as a ground
fault, phase loss, overcurrent, or undercurrent condition.
OVERLOAD
RELAY
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL SAFETY COMPONENTS)
MOTOR STARTER
Contactor and overload relays are separate control devices. When a contactor is
combined with an overload relay, it is called a motor starter.
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(ELECTRICAL OUTPUT COMPONENTS)
LINE DIAGRAM
POWER CIRCUIT AND CONTROL CIRCUIT
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(CIRCUIT DESIGN)
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(CIRCUIT DESIGN)
ELECTRICAL SYMBOL (INPUT / CONTACT)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(CIRCUIT DESIGN)
ELECTRICAL SYMBOL (OUTPUT)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(CIRCUIT DESIGN)
ELECTRICAL SYMBOL
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(CIRCUIT DESIGN)
COMBINATION OF SIGNAL INPUT
Switching ON
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
COMBINATION OF SIGNAL INPUT
Switching OFF
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
Installation Example #1 (Series)
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44H1
H2
H3
H1
H2
H3
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
0V
24V
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
H1
H2
H3
H1
H2
H3
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
0V
24V Installation Example #2 (Parallel)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USING RELAY
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USING RELAY (LATCHING/HOLDING)
LATCHING/HOLDING
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (POWER AND CONTROL CIRCUIT)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
Installation Example #1 (Using Relay)
H1
H2
H3
H1
H2
H3
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
0V
24V
A1 A2
41 52
13 14
51 62
23 24
61 72
33 34
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
Installation Example #1 (Latching)
H1
H2
H3
H1
H2
H3
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
11 12
23 24
31 32
43 44
0V
24V
A1 A2
41 52
13 14
51 62
23 24
61 72
33 34
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
Installation Example #3 (Control Circuit)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
L2
L1
A1 A2
41 52
13 14
51 62
23 24
61 72
33 34
1 2
3 4
5 6
95 96
97 98
1 2
3 4
5 6
1 2
3 4
1 2
3 4
5 6
Installation Example #3 (Power Circuit)
L3 U1 V1 W1
U2 V2 W2
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
EXERCISE
1. Press (S1 AND S2) OR S3 H1 ON
2. Press (S1 OR S2) AND S3 H1 ON
3. Press S1 AND S2 H1 ON
Press S3 OR S4 H1 OFF
4. Press S1 OR S2 H1, H2 ON
Press S3 AND S4 H1, H2 OFF
5. Press (S1 OR S2) AND S3 H1 ON, H2 ON
Press S1 AND S2 H1 OFF, H2 OFF6. Press S1 H1 ON, H2 OFF, H3 ON, H4 ON
Press S2 H1 OFF, H2 ON, H3 OFF, H4 ON
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
Press (S1 AND S2) OR S3 H1 ON
ANSWERPress (S1 OR S2) AND S3 H1 ON
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ANSWERPress S1 AND S2 H1 ON
Press S3 OR S4 H1 OFF
Press S1 OR S2 H1, H2 ON
Press S3 AND S4 H1, H2 OFF
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
DESIGN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USINGSEQUENCE CHART (GRAFCET)
CONDITION (OUTPUT)
(LAMP H1 ON)
0
1
INITIAL POSITION(LAMP H1 OFF)
TRANSITION (INPUT)(PRESSS1 AND S2)
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DESIGN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USINGBLOCK SEQUENCE (GRAFCET)
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DESIGN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USINGBLOCK SEQUENCE (GRAFCET)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
DESIGN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USINGBLOCK SEQUENCE (GRAFCET)
UP
RIGHT
LEFT
DOWN
WAIT
UP
DOWN
LEFT
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DESIGN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USINGBLOCK SEQUENCE (GRAFCET)
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
PRACTICAL TASK1. PERFORM THIS CONTROL CIRCUIT.
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL CIRCUIT 2 LAMPS
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ELECTRICAL DEVICE & CONTROL(INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL ELEMENTS)
PRACTICAL TASK2. PERFORM THIS CONTROL CIRCUIT.
RUNNING LIGHT CONTROL CIRCUIT 3 LAMPS
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