(Inter)Connectivity Issues in (Inter)Connectivity Issues in
Nigeria: Some Perspectives Nigeria: Some Perspectives
Mobolaji E. Aluko, PhDMobolaji E. Aluko, PhD
Professor of Chemical EngineeringProfessor of Chemical EngineeringHoward University, Washington DC;Howard University, Washington DC;
President/CEO Alondex Applied Technologies, President/CEO Alondex Applied Technologies, LLC;LLC;
Vice-President, NITPA Vice-President, NITPA (Nigerian Information Technology (Nigerian Information Technology
Professionals in the Americas)Professionals in the Americas)
22
A talk delivered at the A talk delivered at the 33rdrd Annual International Annual International
Nigerian Nigerian Telecommunications Telecommunications
Summit Summit [‘Realising Opportunities in [‘Realising Opportunities in
Nigerian Nigerian Telecommunications”]Telecommunications”]
September 20-21, 2004September 20-21, 2004London, EnglandLondon, England
Bolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, LondoBolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, London September 2004n September 2004
33
Outline of TalkOutline of Talk
11. NCC & Interconnection. NCC & Interconnection 2. The Need for Interconnectivity2. The Need for Interconnectivity3. The Physical Structure3. The Physical Structure4. The Logical Structure4. The Logical Structure5. Nigerian Policy – Guided or Fully 5. Nigerian Policy – Guided or Fully liberalized?liberalized?6. Some International Examples 6. Some International Examples 7. SAT-3 Issues (International, Local)7. SAT-3 Issues (International, Local)8. Some suggestions8. Some suggestions9. A few closing thoughts9. A few closing thoughts10. Acknowledgements10. Acknowledgements
44
Working Definition of Working Definition of
InterconnectionInterconnection
NCC Act 1992 NCC Act 1992 [Guidelines on Interconnection of [Guidelines on Interconnection of
Telecommunications Networks]:Telecommunications Networks]:
“5.(1) “5.(1) Interconnection means the physical and Interconnection means the physical and logical linking of telecommunications networks logical linking of telecommunications networks
used by the same or a different operator in order used by the same or a different operator in order to allow the users of one telecommunications to allow the users of one telecommunications network to communicate with the users of the network to communicate with the users of the
same or another telecommunications network or same or another telecommunications network or to access services provided by a to access services provided by a
telecommunications network. The services may be telecommunications network. The services may be provided by the parties involved or other parties provided by the parties involved or other parties
who have access to the network. who have access to the network. ““
55
Audio/Voice
Data
Video
Fax
Internet
Operator A Operator B
4
1
2
3
SubscriberSubscriber
Services Services
The Need for Interconnectivity
Images
Services: Mainly Voice, little Internet-penetration, need more others (ATM, X.25, GPRS, etc.) Subscribers: 1999 - 0.5 million 2003 - ~ 2.4 mil. 2004- ~4.6 mil. 2010 - 10, 20, 40 mil. ?Internet Users: 2000 - ~100k Sept. 2004 - ~750k [IP Count: 181k (Feb. 2004)]
[2004: MTN:2 mil, VeeNet:1 mil, Globacom:750k; MTEL:300k; NITEL:450k; Others:60k?]Operators: 1999: 1 NO, 1 MO, xPTOs, yISPs, etc. 2004: 2 NOs, 4 MOs, etc. 2010 - ?
66
V O I C E NON - VOICE
IP NETWORKS
NON-IP NETWORKS
WIRED
WIRELESS
BINARY SERVICE, MEDIA, PROTOCOL, MOBILITY DIVISIONS
FIXEDFIXED
MOBILEMOBILE
Converged ServicesConverged Services
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Each of the services:Each of the services:
* different rates of * different rates of transmissiontransmission* different formats* different formats* different protocols* different protocols* different priorities for * different priorities for deliverydeliveryConvergence Issues
XOIP – Services over Internet !
Physical Media; Logical Structure importantfor efficient connectivity
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Physical media: Physical media:
Wired: Wireless: Wired: Wireless: * twisted pair * IR, * twisted pair * IR, radio, radio, microwavemicrowave (terrestrial)(terrestrial)
* coaxial cable * coaxial cable * VSAT* VSAT
* fiber* fiber ((VVery ery SSmall mall AAperture perture
TTerminal)erminal) - microwave, - microwave, extraterrestrialextraterrestrial (Satellite) (Satellite)
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Twisted pair (copper) – low transmission rate, short distance
Coaxial cable (copper) – faster transmission rate, longer distance
Fiber (glass) – low loss, very high transmission rate, great distance
Physical media:Physical media:
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For radio or microwave terrestrial – skip the satellite
Moderate (radio) to high-transmission rates (satellite)
[narrow-band < ~ 200 kbps --- broad-band]
Moderate (radio) to very large distance (satellite)
1111
True ISPs ~ 40 - 80
StarTech, Rainbownet, OduaTel, etc.
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InternationalInternational
NationalNational
RegionalRegional
LocalLocal
7 Digital Secondary Switching Centers7 Digital Secondary Switching Centers
3 Digital, 1 Analog Intelsat Satellite Earth Station3 Digital, 1 Analog Intelsat Satellite Earth Station
52 Primary Centers (16 Digital)52 Primary Centers (16 Digital)
286 Local Exchanges (135 Digital)286 Local Exchanges (135 Digital)
NITEL’s Telecommunication InfrastructureNITEL’s Telecommunication Infrastructure
Source: BPE’s website on NITEL (www.bpeng.org)Source: BPE’s website on NITEL (www.bpeng.org)
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Some Telecommunications Indicators in Nigeria
Source: VSAT case studies: Nigeria & Algeria [Esselaar & Stravou, 2003]
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Questions for NigeriaQuestions for Nigeria
What is our proposed and/or What is our proposed and/or preferred transmission backbonepreferred transmission backbone
- fiber and/or wireless?- fiber and/or wireless?
How should it evolve How should it evolve – completely private-driven or – completely private-driven or
government-guided?government-guided?
Needed – a National Fiber Transmission Needed – a National Fiber Transmission
BackboneBackbone
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SIGNAL MULTIPLEXING & MODULATION
FDM, TDM, (D)WDM can all be complementaryFDM, TDM, (D)WDM can all be complementary[Eg GSM is combination of FDM and TDMA][Eg GSM is combination of FDM and TDMA]
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WhatWhat Logical Structure ?Logical Structure ?
* hubs* hubs* routers (for destination mapping)* routers (for destination mapping)
* bridges (to link networks)* bridges (to link networks)* switches (multiport bridges)* switches (multiport bridges)
* gateways* gateways* exchanges (eg IXP)* exchanges (eg IXP)
Needed: A National Digital Needed: A National Digital Interconnectivity Matrix coordinatedInterconnectivity Matrix coordinated
Between OperatorsBetween Operators
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NCC’s Five-Year Strategic Management Plan (2003-2007)
“Target 1G1: To provide the regulatory stimulus and, where appropriate, the incentives to encourage the rollout of fibre optic links nationwide. Minimum coverage targets will be 30% by end Q4 2004, 40% by end Q4 2006 and 50% by end Q4 2007 (by state and nationally, as appropriate)”
Are we on track?
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NEPAD ICT Infrastructure objectives:NEPAD ICT Infrastructure objectives:
Key Objectives:Key Objectives:
To have in place, low-cost To have in place, low-cost thin route satellitethin route satellite capacity and associated ground infrastructure to capacity and associated ground infrastructure to support the e-schools, e-health and other high support the e-schools, e-health and other high
priority NEPAD projects.priority NEPAD projects.
To ensure that To ensure that all African countriesall African countries are connected are connected to a to a broadband fibre-optic cable broadband fibre-optic cable system that in, system that in, turn, links Africa with the rest of the world.turn, links Africa with the rest of the world.
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Facilities Sharing, Collocation, Facilities Sharing, Collocation, CooperationCooperation
“19. (1) The Commission shall encourage “19. (1) The Commission shall encourage collocation and facility sharing and collocation and facility sharing and develop guidelines for shared develop guidelines for shared
infrastructure use and collocation.”infrastructure use and collocation.” ““21. (2) 21. (2) The Commission shall The Commission shall encourage the interconnecting operators encourage the interconnecting operators to establish technical committees and to to establish technical committees and to develop specifications, protocols, and develop specifications, protocols, and procedures for the interconnection of procedures for the interconnection of their telecommunications networks”their telecommunications networks”
- NCC - NCC
2020
NITEL
GLOBA-COM
MTEL
V-NetMTN
FWA
Fully-Paired/Peered Connectivity Diagram for Operators
Ref: “Resolving the Interconnectivity Battle in Nigeria:Some Suggestions” [Mobolaji Aluko, November 2002]
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NITEL GLOBA-COM
MTEL
V-Net
MTN
FWASwitchorRouter
Suggested Multiprotocol Switch/Clearing House
Ref: “Resolving the Interconnectivity Battle in Nigeria:Some Suggestions” [Mobolaji Aluko, November 2002]
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Sample Integrated Mobile Communication Sample Integrated Mobile Communication ConnectivityConnectivity
(Intra- or Inter-Operator)(Intra- or Inter-Operator)
An intelligent logical combination of wired and wireless resourcesAn intelligent logical combination of wired and wireless resources
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ISP1 ISP2
ISP3
ISP5 ISP6
ISP4 IXP
INTERNET EXCHANGE (IXP) ARRANGEMENT
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Ibadan Internet Exchange IbIX: VSAT-based; http://www.ib-ix.net/index.htm
Lagos Internet Exchange – STM-1/SAT3 WIP-based in the works; NITEL-enabled
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African Exchange Points (IXPs)Cairo and Johannesburg: fiber-landing based All Eight Others: satellite-based
~$400 million lost annually in Africa due to out-of-continent satellite traffice
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Typical Network-to-Network Interface (NNI)(Reference: Cable & Wireless)
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Some IP-VPN Access Options [Cable & Wireless]
Desirable to have some similar diagrams from Nigerian operatorsDesirable to have some similar diagrams from Nigerian operators
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FIBER-OPTICS INFRASTRUCTURE
SAT3
NITEL Fiber
GLOBACOM Fiber
[32 STM-64 (~10Gbps) cables]
[? STM-4 (622Mbps) cables]
NITEL Fiber Rings (capacities?)
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LANDING POINTS1. Portugal(Sesimbra)2. Spain (Chipiona)3. Spain (Altavista)4. Senegal (Dakar)5. Côte d’Ivoire (Abidjan)6. Ghana (Accra)7. Benin (Cotonou)8. Nigeria (Lagos)9. Cameroon (Douala)10. Gabon (Libraville)11. Angola (Cacuaco)12. South Africa (Melkbosstrand)13. South Africa (Mtunzini)14. La Reunion (St. Paul)15. Mauritius, (Baie Jacotet)16. India (Cochin)17. Malaysia(Penang)
2
17
16
15
1413
12
1110
98
7
12
3
45 6
SAT3/WASC/SAFE PROJECT
For SAT3/WASC [15,000 km]:SDH transmission; two pairs optical fiber; WDMInitial capacity 20 Gbit/s (4x2.5 Gbits/s per fiber pair)Upgradeable to 40 Gbit/s to 120 Gbit/s (4x2.5 + 5x10Gbits/s per fiber pair)Nigeria’s allocation – 13 STM-1’s (each 155.52 Mbits/s;2 “lit”)For SAFE [13,800 km] – 10 Gbits/s (2x2.5 Gbits/per pair)
to 130 Gbits/s (2x2.5 + 6x10 Gbits/s per fiber pair)(2x2.5 + 6x10 Gbits/s per fiber pair)
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GLOBAL NETWORK MAP
Links to:Links to:SAT3 SAT3 SAFE (to Asia via Indian Ocean) SAFE (to Asia via Indian Ocean) SMW3 SMW3 TAT-14 (to USA via Atlantic Ocean) TAT-14 (to USA via Atlantic Ocean) SMW3 (to Asia via the Mediterranean) SMW3 (to Asia via the Mediterranean) APCN-2 APCN-2 Japan-USJapan-US {each 4 fiber pairs; DWDM; 160 Gbis/s}{each 4 fiber pairs; DWDM; 160 Gbis/s}
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Columbus 3
TAT 14
TAT 12/13
Atlantis 2
SEA-ME-WE 3
FLAG
ConnectivityConnectivityvia Portugalvia Portugal
North America
Central America
South America Africa
MiddleEast
SAT 3 / WASC / SAFE
Sesimbra
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Atlantis 2
Western EuropeMiddle East
Central Southern Africaand Asia
South America
ConnectivityConnectivityvia Sénégalvia Sénégal
SAT 3 / WASC / SAFE
Dakar
3333
SEA-M E-W E 3
FLAG
FO G
Connectivity via IndiaConnectivity via India
AsiaPacific
Africa
Western Europe
SAT 3 / WASC / SAFE
Cochin
3434
SEA-ME-WE 3FLAG
APCN
ConnectivityConnectivityvia Malaysiavia Malaysia Australia
Africa
Middle East
Asia Pacific
SAT 3 / WASC /SAFE
Penang
APCN 2
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SEA-ME-WE 3
FLAG
SAFE
Penang, Malaysia
Cape Town, South Africa
SAT-2
Dakar, Senegal
SAT- 3/WASC
ATLANTIS 2
Cable restorationCable restoration
Cochin, India
Durban, S.Africa
PORTUGAL&
SPAIN
3636
3737
See: http://www.cw.com/uk/our_network/network_maps/index.html
Also: http://www.level3.com/userimages/dotcom/images/maps/darkfiber_map.gif
Chipiona
Sesimbra
SAT3/WASC
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SAT-3 USAGE IN NIGERIA SO FAR
1. Telcoms 2. Oil & Gas Companies:
NITEL Shell Globacom Chevron MTN NLNG, etc. GS Telecom PTOs, etc.
3. ISPs 4. ASPs Tara SITA Accelon Tara, etc. GS Telecom Elinex Nova, etc.[to be/connected to Nitel’s Wholesale IP (WIP); gearing up for Lagos Internet Exchange Point
(LGIX)]
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Some concluding thoughts:Some concluding thoughts:
*Telecommunications are critical to economic *Telecommunications are critical to economic developmentdevelopment
*There is need for greater transparency and *There is need for greater transparency and information flow for investor planning/wealth information flow for investor planning/wealth
creationcreation
* Fiber backbone critical !* Fiber backbone critical !
* Need for Integrated National Plan for Telcom* Need for Integrated National Plan for Telcom services (with some time tables)services (with some time tables)
* Next important issue: value-added services* Next important issue: value-added services(e-commerce, e-learning, security, etc. by SMEs)(e-commerce, e-learning, security, etc. by SMEs)
Bolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, LondoBolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, London September 2004n September 2004
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Final AcknowledgementsFinal Acknowledgements
* To CWC* To CWC
* To NCC/Ministry of Communications* To NCC/Ministry of Communications
* To the listening audience* To the listening audience
Bolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, LondoBolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, London September 2004n September 2004
4141
I will be happy to take questions!I will be happy to take questions!
EndEnd
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