Integumentary System
Diaz, DelizHarrington, Mikaela
Maya, DannaSoarez, Jenny
Urra, John-Paul
Parts of the SystemMade up of skin, hair, and
nails. Skin is the major organ of the system. It is made up of 3 layers:
• Epidermis- Outermost layer; 5 sub-
layers, no blood vessels or nerves.
• Dermis-Elastic connective tissue,
contains blood vessels, nerves, involuntary muscle, sweat glands, & hair follicles.
• Subcutaneous fascia (hypodermis)-
Innermost layer; made up of elastic & fibrous connective tissue, fatty tissue, and it connects to underlying muscles.
Parts of the Nail
Parts of the Hair Follicle
Functions• Protection-
Barrier to the suns ultraviolet rays, pathogens & germs. Holds in moisture.
• Sensory Perception-The nerves help body to
respond to pain, pressure, temperature, and touch sensations.
• Body temperature regulation-Blood vessels help body
retain or lose heat.• Storage-
Tissues are temporary storage for fats, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts.
• Absorption-
Substances can be absorbed through the skin, called transdermal medication.
• Excretion- Skin eliminates salt,
waste, & excess water
• Production-Skin helps in the
production of Vitamin D using UV rays from the sun.
Functions continued…
Pigmentation • Skin color is
determined by pigments in the epidermis.
• Melanin, a pigment, is produced in the epidermis by melanocytes.
• Every person has the same number of melanocytes, racial groups is what determines the
amount of melanin produced.
Complications of Pigmentation
• A person with an absence of pigments is an albino.
• Erythema is the reddish color of the skin caused by burns or congestion of blood in the vessels.
• Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the
skin. Indicates bile in the blood.
Skin Eruptions 1. Macules-
flat spots2. Papules-
firm, raised areas3. Vesicles-
blisters4. Pustules-
pus-filled sacs5. Ulcer-
deep loss of skin
12
3 4
5
Melanoma • Malignant tumor caused
by the changes of melanocytes.
• Most likely to have melanoma if the person:– has fair skin– lives in a sunny
climate or high altitude
– uses tanning devices • Symptoms-– Asymmetry– Borders– Color
– Diameter– Evolution
Treatment • Surgery
The cancer and 1 cm of surrounding skin is removed
• ChemotherapyMedicines kill cancer
cells • Immunotherapy
Medications assist immune system
• Radiation treatmentsRelieves pain or
discomfort
Dermatitis • Inflammation of the skin• Results from direct
contact with allergens or irritants
• Common in babies and children; people who live in dry climates
• Symptoms-– Itching– Pain– Stinging– Burning– Blisters– Thick or scaly skin
– Sores – Swelling
Treatment • Skin creams or
ointments that control swelling
• Antibiotics to treat infections
• Antihistamines• Medications that
suppress immune system
Psoriasis • Skin redness and irritation • Not contagious • Can trigger if exposed to:– Bacteria or viral infections– Dry air or skin – Injury – Stress– Too much or little sunlight– Too much alcohol– Weak immune system
• Symptoms-– Irritated, red, flaky patches – Itchy– Raised and thick skin
Treatment • Lotions,
ointments, creams, and shampoos
• Pills or injections that affect the immune system
• Phototherapy- skin is exposed to UV light.
Careers • Allergist-Diagnoses and treats
allergies.4 years of
premedical college
4 years of medical school
3 years of residency training
2 years of fellowship program
$192,000-$247,000
• Dermatologist-
Diagnoses and treats conditions/diseases of the skin, hair, and nails.
4 years of premedical college
4 years of medical school
Internship 3 years residency $243,000-
$319,000
• Plastic Surgeon- Corrects or improves
the appearance of physical features.
4 years of premedical college
4 years of Medical school
3 years of residency training
1 or 2 years fellowship program
$282,000-$460,000
Medical Abbreviations• BMK
birthmark• Bx
biopsy• HD
Hansen disease (leprosy)
• IDintradermal
• SGskin graft
• Subqsubcutaneous
• UVultraviolet
Medical Terminology • cutane/o
skin• derm/o
Skin• erythem/o
flushed, redness• graph/o
writing• onych/o
nail• papul/o
papule, pimple• perspir/o
breathe through• pil/o
hair• prurit/o
itching• pseudo-– false
• psor/oitching
• ungu/onail
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