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Insect Control Field Days
Sponsored by the
Kansas Fruit Growers Association
Applications for Fruit Trees
Robert E. Wolf Extension Specialist Application
Technology
Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Calibration:• Placing the correct amount of product in the
desired location.– High volume by hand or with air– Low volume with air
• Amount of delivered air is important.– Displace 2X the tree volume – cfm
• Location of delivered air is important– Coverage uniformly throughout the tree– Minimize spray drift away from the orchard
• Knowing the travel speed is essential
Measuring Ground Speed
Speed(MPH)Distance(ft) x 60
Time(seconds) x 88
Where 1 MPH =
traveling 88 feet in 60 seconds
Ground Speed Measurement
Speed(MPH)Distance(ft) x 60
Time(seconds) x 88
Example: You drive along a 150-foot measured course and discover that 30 seconds are required to complete the course. Determine the MPH.
Speed = 150 x 60 = 9,000 = 3.4 MPH 30 x 88 2,640
Air Delivery Calculation:
Height x 3.14 x Diameter/2 cfm
Volume Tree 2
ft. 15 x 3.14 x ft./2 15 cfm
Volume Tree 2
2650 cfm per tree
Required Air Capacity:
spacing tree
per tree cfm x sides of # x (MPH) travelof rate
cfm
CapacityAir Required
ft. 20
per tree cfm 2650 x 2 x (MPH) 1
cfm
CapacityAir Required
23,320 cfm
1 mph = 88 ft. per sec.
Application Rates:• Product per 100 gallons of water
– Based on standard trees– Point of run-off (dilute)– @ 400 gal/acre
• Product per acre– Based on modern air carrier sprayers– Speed sprayers– More efficient– Point of run-off not necessary– Low volume (40 – 80 gal/acre)– Also referred to as concentrate spraying
Dilute Spraying:
• Dilute volume = the amount of spray liquid to cover one acre of trees to point of run-off.
• Determined by experience or using a formula
• Tree-row volume method for smaller trees– Determine dilute volume– Determine the concentrate rate of
pesticide/acre
Tree-Row Volume: (Dilute)
• Based on tree size and spacing
• Table (Ohio State Extension Bulletin 892)– Rule of thumb based on tree density– 0.7 to 1.0 gal/1000 cu. ft.
• Row length per acre = 43,560 sq. ft. in an acre divided by the distance between rows in feet.
Determining Tree-row Volume
Tree-row volume =
(canopy width) x (tree height) x (row length per acre)
ft 18
ft./acre sq. 43,560 x ft. 8 ft. 10
ft./acre cu. volumerow-Tree x
rowsbetween distance
ft./acre sq. 43,560 x height(ft) Tree t)diameter(fcanopy Tree
ft./acre cu. volumerow-Tree x
ft. cu. 193,600 ft. 2,420 ft. sq. 80 ft./acre cu.
volumerow-Tree x
Determining Amount of Water-Dilute
Minimum/Maximum dilute volume (GPA) =
(tree-row volume (cu. ft./acre) x min/max gal/cu. Ft.
ft. cu. 1,000
gal. 0.7 x
/acreft. cu.
volumerow-tree
gpa volumedilute minimum
ft. cu. 1,000
gal. 0.7 x
/acreft. cu.
193,000
gpa volumedilute minimum
acreper gallons 136 gpa
volumedilute minimum
Determining Amount of Water-Dilute
Minimum/Maximum dilute volume (GPA) =
(tree-row volume (cu. ft./acre) x min/max gal/cu. Ft.
ft. cu. 1,000
gal. 1.0 x
/acreft. cu.
volumerow-tree
gpa volumedilute maximum
ft. cu. 1,000
gal. 1.0 x
/acreft. cu.
193,000
gpa volumedilute maximum
acreper gallons 194 gpa
volumedilute maximum
Determining Amount of Pesticide for Dilute Applications
volumedilute x rate dilute reproduct/ac ofAmount
acre
waterof gallons x
gallons 100
pesticide of amt. reproduct/ac ofAmount
lbs./acre 3.0 acre
waterof gal. 400 x
gallons 100
pounds 0.75 reProduct/ac
lbs./acre 0.9 acre
waterof gal. 120 x
gallons 100
pounds 0.75 reProduct/ac
Concentrate Spraying:
• As water amount decreases the pesticide amount increases proportionately – BUT NOT BY ADDING MORE PESTICIDE TO THE TANK!!!
• Example:– 1/3 less water means 3X pesticide
volumeeconcentrat
volumedilute ion Concentrat
3 gallons 80
gallons 240 ion Concentrat
Determining the Amount of Pesticide for Concentrate Applications
acre
waterof volumedilute standard x
waterof gal. 100
pesticide ofamount acrepesticide/ of rate Full
acre
lbs. 6.0
acre
waterof gal. 400 x
gallons 100
pounds 1.5
acre
rate full
Calculations for Concentrate Applications:
• Using the per acre rate level– No calculations needed– Take rate directly from the label
• Example (Assail 70WP)• Pome Fruits: 1.0 – 3.4 ounces per acre• Apply in at least 80 gallons per acre
– Acres based on the tree spacing
rowsbetween distance
ft./acre sq. 43,560 elength/acr row
ft. 2,420 ft 18
ft./acre sq. 43,560
Selecting Nozzle Size:
Based on gallons/acre = sprayer discharge rate
495
ft. width row x MPHGPA x GPM
14.84 495
ft. 18 x 3 x 136 GPM
14.84/2 = 7.42 gpm / side / 7 nozzles = 1.06
Selecting Correct Orifice:
• Chart – TeeJet (hollow cone tips)– Select a pressure along top (80 psi)– Move down column to locate 1.07 gpm– Move left to 1st and 2nd column
• D10 disc with a DC25 core/whirl plate
– Select 60 psi– Follow same routine
• D8 disc with a DC45 core/whirl plate
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