ContentsContents Section 1
An Overview of Information Systems Reengineering
Section 2Year 2000 Storm
Section 3 Systematic Approach for Information Systems Reengineering
Section 4Artificial Intelligence Approach for Information Systems Reengineering
Section 1 Section 1 An Overview of Information Systems ReengAn Overview of Information Systems Reeng
ineeringineering References:1. P.H. Newcomb, “Web-Based Business Process Reengineeri
ng,” IEEE Software, Nov. 19952. J.J. Donovan, “Business Reengineering with Information Te
chnology”, Prentice Hall, 1994, ISBN 0-13-125907-5.3. J.M. Gallaugher and S.C. Ramanathan, “Choosing A Client/S
erver Architecture: A Comparsion of Two and Three Tier Systems,” Information Systems Management, Spring 1996.
4. T. Cheung, J. Fong, and B. Siu, “Database Reengineering and Interoperability”, Plenum, 1995, ISBN 0-306-45288-X
5. R.S. Arnold, “Software Reengineering”, IEEE Press 1993, ISBN 0-8186-3272-0
6. J. Fong and S. Huang, “Information Systems Reengineering”, Springer Verlag, 1997, ISBN 981-3083-15-8
To extract the contents, structure, and flow of data and process contained within exiting system software in a form amenable to inquiry, analysis and documentation.
The process of modifying the internal mechanisms of a system or problem or the data structures of a system or program without changing its functionality
The examination and alteration of a subject system to reconstitute it in a new form and sub subsequent implementation of that form
What is Information System ReWhat is Information System Reengineering?engineering?
Software Reengineering: improves one’s understanding of software, or prepares or improves the software itself, usually for increased maintainability, reusability, or evolvability.
Your business must constantly adapt to a dynamically changing environment. Therefore you must choose an adaptive, dynamic information architecture that has the flexibility to support both changes in the business environment and changes in technology.
The Information System Reengineering approach is to modernize your information technology infrastructure in order to sustain a competitive advantage in today’s dynamic environment.
What is Information System ReWhat is Information System Reengineering?engineering?
With the advent of each new form of technology, there has been a need to redesign and re-implement existing Information Systems.
Reengineering involves the redesign of the existing Information Systems, while using as much of the existing system as possible. That is, the approach taken is to transform the existing Information System into the format needed for the new technology, rather than to throw away the old system. Such an approach has obvious benefits, particularly if it can be automated and/or supported by methods and tools.
What is Information System ReWhat is Information System Reengineering?engineering?
Business Reengineering Process Client Server Information System WWW Multimedia Database System Y2K Storm Expert Database System
The Challenge of Information SThe Challenge of Information Systems Reengineering for Year ystems Reengineering for Year 20002000
Business Reengineering ProcessBusiness Reengineering Process Activity Software Reengineering Business process Reengineering
Restructuring Reorganize source code to perform some basic functions more efficiently
Reorganize people, systems, and infrastructure to perform some basic functions in potentially more efficient ways
Reverseengineering
Examine design of existing software system by deriving design from existing source code
Examine design of existing business process by extracting design from existing implementation
Retargeting Transport existing source code and applications to new host systems
Adapt an existing business process to perform in new business functions
Forwardengineering
Develop new system design based on integration of new system requirements into existing system design
Establish new business-process design based on integration of new business requirements into existing business processes
Datareengineering
Restructure the organization and/or format of stored information for use by software applications
Restructure the organization or format of information for use by either more manual or
automated processing activities
Business Reengineering ProcesBusiness Reengineering Processs
The most critical aspects of the BPR process:
1. understanding the roles existing systems play
2. identifying reusable components and
3. locating and adapting reusable components to support new business processes.
Business Reengineering ProcesBusiness Reengineering Processs
BPR Failure:1. One explanation for BPR failure is that
business managers frequently misunderstand the crucial roles that existing information systems will continue to play after the new business process is implemented.
2. lack of information-technology infrastructure are major impediments to BPR implementation.
Business Reengineering ProcesBusiness Reengineering Processs
BPR Successful:1. Successful BPR efforts usually involve caref
ully planned incremental change in reasonably sized chunks, rather than radical change done all at once.
2. A powerful technologies for software reverse engineering, reengineering, and reuse
3. based on the observation that the more automatic and accessible
4. the less complicated and more applicable
Client Server Information SysteClient Server Information Systemm
Two Tier Architecture1. Clent Tier: User Interface, Data Processing
2. Server Tier: Data Processing, Data Server
Three Tier Architecture1. Presentation tier
2. Functionality tier
3. Data tier
Protect existing IT Investments Ensure the firm’s ability to adopt new tech
nologies Provide integration of heterogeneous res
ources Accommodate emerging standards embra
ced by a board base of firms
Three Tier Client Server Architecture
The Future Business Design ThrThe Future Business Design Through Information Technologyough Information Technology
Rapid Application Development Migration to open systems and gradual do
wnsizing System Connectivity Evaluation to a Gateway Architecture Applications built from scratch
Moving current information technologMoving current information technology infrastructure to the client-server ary infrastructure to the client-server architecturechitecture
IImplement 3-tiered architecture mplement 3-tiered architecture which utilizes current systemswhich utilizes current systems
User Interface
NetMinder
NamingServer
FunctionalityServer
AsynchronousConnectivity
Server
Machine A
Machine B
Machine C
Current SystemsAdded Functionality & Connectivity
& Connectivity tools
FUNCTIONALITYPRESENTATION DATA
Complete new 3-tiered system, Complete new 3-tiered system, which eliminates most of old syswhich eliminates most of old system.tem.
User Interface
NetMinder
NamingServer
FunctionalityServer
AsynchronousConnectivity
Server
Machine A
Machine B
Machine C
Any Remaining SystemsExpanded tools & Connectivity Tools
(as needed)
FUNCTIONALITYPRESENTATION DATA
New Data
SecurityServer
SQL Database Server
Database machine accesses data Database machine accesses data through servers; data is then pasthrough servers; data is then passes through server to clientsses through server to clients
ExistingClients
NetMinderNamingServer
FunctionalityServer
AsynchronousConnectivity
Server
Machine A
Machine B
Machine C Existing Systems
FUNCTIONALITYPRESENTATION DATA
SecurityServer
DatabaseMachine
FunctionalityServer
SQL Database ServerHigh-Speed
Computer acting as "data gateway"
WWW (World Wide Web)WWW (World Wide Web)
Fast Growth: In January 1993 there were about 50 WWW Servers in the world. In mid-1996, there were over 100,000 external WWW Servers.
There are three main parts of the Web. Browser HTML/Hypertext Markup Language http (hypertext transport protocol) server
WWW (World Wide Web)WWW (World Wide Web)
Internet/Intranet HTML Java, ActiveX, and scripting langu
ages have proven to be a convenient way to distribute information internally
CGI (Common Gateway Interface) and API to integrate with Databases
Approaches to Reengineering- Approaches to Reengineering- Migration or ConversionMigration or Conversion Selecting a Database Model
File Structure Hierarchical Data Model Network Data Model Relational Data Model Object-Oriented Data Model
Approaches to Reengineering- Approaches to Reengineering- Migration or ConversionMigration or Conversion Database Conversion
Parallel Conversion Direct Cut-Over Phase-In
Approaches to Reengineering- Approaches to Reengineering- Migration or ConversionMigration or Conversion Schematic heterogeneity:
naming conflicts domain conflicts meta-data conflict structural conflicts
Approaches to Reengineering- Approaches to Reengineering- Migration or ConversionMigration or Conversion Operation heterogeneity
the granularity of the data to be handled difference,
the functionality difference, the association and sharing with other syste
ms difference.
Approaches to Reengineering- Approaches to Reengineering- Migration or ConversionMigration or Conversion Limited functionality and general informa
tion the ideal integrating system should support t
he full functionality of both systems plus some additional functionality arising from the integration,
the general resource information, (i.e. the data dictionary), is very poor.
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