Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systems
Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systems
IKBS/expert systems• A computer that thinks and behaves
like a human expert in a certain field• These are systems that can be used
to mimic a human expert• They use artificial intelligence to
make decisions based on answers to questions
Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systems
Components• Knowledge base – set of knowledge about a
about particular field/subject• Inference engine – a set of rules on which
the decisions made by the system are based - these rules are applied to the knowledge base
• User interface – the way the expert system/IKBS communicates with the user - it presents the user with questions and allows them to type in the answers
Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systems
Applications of expert systems/IKBS
• Doctors – for medical diagnosis• Architects – to help with the design
of buildings• Geologists – to help them find the
best place to look for minerals or oil• Accountants – for giving tax advice to
individuals/companies
Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systems
Medical diagnosis• Enables a doctor to
make an accurate diagnosis
• Gives a doctor the the knowledge and decision-making ability of a consultant in the field
• Enables a patient to be put on the correct treatment without delay
Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systems
Designing buildings• Gives builders/architects
expert information on the best way to construct buildings
• For example, builders can specify a certain number of rooms and the system will put them together in the best way
Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systems
Prospecting for minerals/oil
• Can take geological information from maps to create the knowledge base
• Use knowledge base and apply the rules in the inference engine to it
• The user can enter locations using the user interface
• The expert system/IKBS will suggest the most likely places where minerals/oil could be found
Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systems
Giving tax advice to companies/individuals
• Tax is complex• Companies and
individuals want to legally minimize the tax they pay
• Expert systems ask a series of question to arrive at an expert decision
Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systemsAdvantages and
disadvantages of expert systems/IKBS
Advantages• Fewer mistakes – they do not
forget things• Less time to train – human
experts take a long time to train
• More expertise than a single expert – systems based on expertise of many experts
• Always asks the questions that a human expert may forget to ask
Disadvantages• Systems lack common
sense – they cannot spot a situation that is ridiculous
• Systems lack senses – for example, a patient may need to be observed
• The system relies on the rules being correct – the person creating the expert system may have made mistakes
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