¡MANDATOS!Informal commands (tú):Affirmative & Negative
Pronoun placement
MANDATOS EN INGLÉS
Remember how easy it is for us to command in English? We do it everyday!
Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take out the garbage! Don’t walk! Don’t run!
LOS MANDATOS EN ESPAÑOL…
… are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: Tú: informal, singular Vosotros: informal, plural Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: formal, plural
We will concentrate on the informal commands.
TÚ COMMANDS // AFFIRMATIVE Affirmative tú commands are easier than
you think! All you have to do is…use the THIRD PERSON SINGULAR form of
the verb
-AR verbs:
-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an
-ER/-IR verbs:
-o, -es, -e, -emos/-imos, -éis/-ís, -en
EJEMPLOS Por favor, pasa la aspiradora en
la sala y saca la basura. Please vacuum in the living room
and take out the trash.
Lee el libro y contesta la pregunta.
Read the book and answer the question.
VAMOS A PRACTICAR!
1. Lavar / los platos
2. Caminar / más
rápido
3. Pedir/ una receta
4. Comer / las verduras
5. Escribir / el número
6. Beber / el aqua
1. Lava los platos
2. Camina más
rápido
3. Pide una receta
4. Come las verduras
5. Escribe el número
6. Bebe el aqua
IRREGULAR TÚ COMMANDS (AFFIRMATIVE) Yes…there are irregulars here too! Lo
siento! But there is a pattern!
Yo form tú command
Decir Digo Di
Poner Pongo Pon
Salir Salgo Sal
Tener Tengo Ten
Venir Vengo ven
IRREGULAR TÚ COMMANDS (AFFIRMATIVE)
Unfortunately, these 3 irregulars DO NOT have a pattern
Hacer = haz Haz la cama inmediatamente
Ser = sé Sé bueno
Ir = ve ¡Ve a tu cuarto!
VAMOS A PRACTICAR
Say the answer
Come here
Be cautious (tener
cuidado)
Go out with your
friends
Set the table
Di la respuesta
Ven aquí
Ten cuidado
Sal con tus
amigos
Pon la mesa
NEGATIVES Informal commands (tú):
Negative
TÚ COMMANDS // NEGATIVE
Take the “yo” form of the verb (present tense)
Change the ending to the opposite TÚ ending
-AR = -es -ER / -IR = -as
TÚ COMMANDS // NEGATIVE -AR verbs
Go to the “yo” Drop the “o” Add the –es
hablar No hablo No habl No hables
(Don’t speak!)
-ER / -IR verbs
Go to the “yo” Drop the “o” Add the –as
comer No como No com No comas
(Don’t eat!)
VAMOS A PRACTICAR!
1. Don’t talk!2. Don’t run!3. Don’t swim at
night4. Don’t sing!5. Don’t forget!
(olvidar)
1. ¡No hables!2. ¡No corras!3. ¡No nades por la
noche!4. ¡No cantes!5. ¡No olvides!
TÚ COMMANDS (NEGATIVE) Most “irregular yo” verbs DO NOT change ** - go, -zco, -yo, and –jo**
3 examples: Salir -- salgo
no salgas // sal Ofrecer -- ofrezco
No ofrezcas // ofrece Escoger -- escojo
No escojas // escoge
IRREGULAR TÚ COMMANDS (NEGATIVE) Some verbs need a spelling change to
maintain the integrity of its sound Think: **-car, -gar, -zar**
3 examples: Llegar -- (g gu)
no llegues // llega Buscar – (c qu)
no busques // busca Cruzar – (z c)
No cruces // cruza
VAMOS A PRACTICAR!1. Don’t eat lunch (almorzar)
2. Eat lunch!
3. Don’t pay
4. Pay!
5. Don’t go out with your
friends
6. Go out with your friends
7. Be careful (tener cuidado)
8. Don’t be careful
9. Play the guitar
10. Don’t play the guitar
1. No almuerces2. Almuerza3. No pagues4. Paga5. No salgas con tus
amigos6. Sal con tus amigos7. Ten cuidado8. No tengas cuidado9. Toca la guitarra10. No toques la
guitarra
IRREGULAR TÚ COMMANDS (NEGATIVE) There are also
irregular negative commands.
But they look VERY similar to the irregular formal commands! Dé, esté, vaya, sepa,
sea
Negative tú commands
Dar No des
Estar
No estés
Ir No vayas
Saber
No sepas
Ser No seas
VAMOS A PRACTICAR!
1. Don’t give that
gift
2. Don’t be nervous
3. Don’t go to the
store
4. Don’t know the
answer
5. Don’t be bad
1. No des ese regalo
2. No estés nervioso
3. No vayas a la
tienda
4. No sepas la
respuesta
5. No seas malo
COMMANDS & PRONOUN PLACEMENT
Informal commands
¡¡THIS WORKS THE SAME FOR BOTH TÚ AND UD./UDS. COMMANDS!!
In AFFIRMATIVE COMMANDS the pronoun… FOLLOWS the verb (at the end) Is ATTACHED
In NEGATIVE COMMANDS the pronoun… Goes BEFORE the verb It stands alone
EJEMPLOS
¡Llámame luego! Call me later!
Tráeme la medicina Bring me the medicine
No te sientes en una silla
incómoda Don’t sit in an uncomfortable chair
No te pongas tus sandalias en el
invierno Don’t put your sandals on in the winter
¿¿CUÁLES PRONOMBRES SE DEBE USAR??
You can use DIRECT, INDIRECT, and REFLEXIVE pronouns
DIRECT: me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los,
las
INDIRECT: me, te, le, nos, os, les
REFLEXIVE: me, te, se, nos, os, se
LAS REGLAS
The rules stay the same as with DOUBLE OBJECTS (indirect, direct & “le=se”) The order is = INDIRECT (to whom? To what?) then
DIRECT (who? what?)
Think --- I.D. (Indirect Object, Direct Object)
DIRECT: Tú / comprar /un libro / para mí Cómpramelo No me lo compres
INDIRECT: Tú / dar / el libro / a mí Dámelo No me lo des
REFLEXIVE: Tú / ponerse / las sandalias Póntelas No te las pongas
LE = SE – REPASO
le lo = se lole la = se lale los = se losle las = se lasles lo = se loles la = se lales los = se losles las = se las
**regular** No me lo compres.
Don't buy it for me.
**changed** No se las traigas.
Don't bring them to her. Se = her Las = them
Muéstraselo Show it to him/her
VAMOS A VER – SE/LE **DON’T WORRY ABOUT ACCENTS…YET**
Don’t explain it to them (explicar/lo/les)
Don’t buy those for her (compar/los/le)
Don’t tell him that (decir/lo/le)
Read the book to him (leer/lo/le)
Write the information for her (escribir/la/le)
No se lo expliques
No se los compres
No se lo digas
Léeselo
Escríbesela
LOS ACCENTOS!!
The accent helps maintain stress on the correct syllable.
If the command has only one syllable, a written accent is only necessary when two pronouns are added.
Dime(di) Tell me Dímelo Tell it to me // Tell me it
If the command has more than one syllable, a written accent is required when one or more pronouns are added. (stress stays on verb stem)
Cómpralos(com/pra) Buy them Cómpramelos Buy them for me// buy me
those
¡VAMOS A PRACTICAR! -- THINK I.D.!1. Tell me
2. Look at it
3. Give me the book
4. Don’t make dinner (la cena)
5. Put on your shoes!
6. Don’t eat junk food (comida basura)
7. Don’t tell them the secret (el
secreto)
8. Don’t buy the prescription for her
9. Don’t tell it to her/him/them
10. Sit up straight (bien)
1. Dime
2. Míralo
3. Dámelo
4. No la hagas
5. Póntelos
6. No la comas
7. No se lo digas
8. No se la pagues
9. No se lo traigas
10. Siéntate bien
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