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Heat TransferEquipment
Some Industrial Applications
Teo Chee Seng
17 Feb 2015
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Types of eat !"changersTypical Applications in #il re$nery Cryogenic applications in %&' industry
(esign #perations )endors *ractical aspects
Agenda
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+s can be broadly di,ided by the follo-ingapplications eat e"change eg. Cold crude oil ,ersus hot
column residue
/oilers eg. Steam reboilers distillation columnreboilers
Cooler eg. ater coolers air $n coolers
Chillers eg. Chilled -ater coolers
Cryogenic eg. *ropane refrigeration coolers airseparation +s
Types of HXs
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Shell and Tube S3T4 +s are the maority ater coolers 6 trim coolers or rundo-n
coolers
Air cooled +s 6 distillation columncondensers Steam heaters 6 reboilers or preheater ot oil heaters 6 closed loop process
heating
Typical Applications in oilrenery
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Preheat Train Simplied FlowScheme in !"
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rude Pre#heat networ$
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Preheat Train
eat transfer through S3T +s (esign of heat e"change net-or is
optimised by matching temperature le,elconsideringo application of pinch technology in design
o spiral heat inserts8 special ba9es
!:ciency of net-or has an impact on unitthroughput and fuel consumptiono application of online chemical cleaning
o optimi;ation of cleaning schedule
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*late e"changers in %&' plants air separationunits
Spool -ound heat e"changers in %&'li
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%&' Tans )aporisers
**umps
/#'Compressor
SecondBeteringStation etc.
BeteringStation
/T adustment Dodorisation
@econdenser
%&' Carrier
Flare D)ent
InEtan*umps
tilities
Typical &'( )ecei*ing Terminal FlowScheme
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+pen )ac$ ,apori-er
ORV conceptional flow
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#pen @ac )apori;er
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Su.merged om.ustion ,apori-er E/t ,iew
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Su.merged om.ustion ,apori-er 0nt ,iew
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/ans of Air Cooled eat !"changers areused as condensers in baseload %&'li
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Aluminium + for enhanced
heat transfer )ery specialised e
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Ser,ice 6 fouling D corrosi,eHTemperature di=erence D approach Allo-ableDa,ailable pressure drop
#3B philosophy Applicable codes and regulations CA*!+ D #*!+
!esign 2 (eneral onsiderations
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+*erall Heat Transferoe3cients
&ote the
lo-er#TC forgasEgas
+
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HX TE4A classication
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!esign odes
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Fi"ed TubesheetT!BA type/!B4 Cheap and easy
construction
Tubes $"ed onboth ends8 tubee"ternal notaccessible forcleaning
tube T!BA
type /!4 'ood for large
di=erential Ts
%imited internaltube cleaning
ommon S5T
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Floating ead T!BAtype /!S4 Allo- access to shell 3
tube e"ternal for cleaning
'ood for large dTs
!"pensi,e
ettle @eboiler Beant for ,aporising
medium either heatingeg. (istillation columnbottom reboilers or
chilling lie propanerefrigerant
)apour space allo-sli
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A4 *C! /4 *late Fin type #ften applied for narro-
temperature di=erences andclean ser,ices lie air &2natural gas etc
Plate type HE
A /
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Typical >tas? for process engineer is to monitor the e=ecti,eness ofheat e"change net-or
JH %o-er e:ciency means increased $ring in furnaces leading to more burning
more fuel and higher costs
!:ciency reduces -ith time due to >fouling?
o- to monitorH Trending the o,erall heat transfer coe:cient of indi,idual +s or groups of
+s
There is no #TC meterK #TC has to be bac calculated based ontemperatures and Lo-rates
An alternati,e is to monitor the fouling factors 6 essentially the same principle
as #TC >normalisation? to the right Lo-rates and temperature is important as
di=erernt Lo-rates and temperature can ha,e signi$cant e=ect on #TCcalculations
(ecide -hen to clean and -hat to cleanK
+perations 2 Process 4onitoring607
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E/ample 2 Preheat Train
ey process parameters to monitor areo Furnace Inlet Temperatureo Indi,idual e"changer heat transfer coe:cient
trendso Indi,idual e"changer delta *
*i" sho-ing tube internal cleaning of the tubebundle
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For -ater coolers and air coolers there are often noLo-meters and temperature meters on theairD-ater side
Bonitoring is often by setting a >baseline? eg after a
maintenance shutdo-n -hen e
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S3T +s e
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eat e"changers are crucial pieces of e
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Bo,ie on heat e"changer incident at theTesoro re$nery httpsGDD---.htri.netD
httpGDD---.tema.orgD *rices
Some lin$s
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