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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES:
PERSONALITY AND ABILITY
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Personality
• Personality: The pattern of relativelyenduring #ays in #hich a person feels$thin%s$ and behaves& –
Develops over a person's lifeti(e – )enerally stable in the conte*t of #or%
– Can influence career choice$ +ob satisfaction$stress$ leadership$ and even perfor(ance
• Trait : A specific co(ponent of personality that describes particulartendencies a person has to feel$ thin%$ andact in certain #ays&
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Advie to !ana"ers
•Ac%no#ledge and appreciate that #or%ers' feelings$ thoughts$attitudes$ and behaviors are partly deter(ined by their
personalities$ #hich are difficult to change& Reali.e that you(ight need to ad+ust your o#n feelings and actions to #or%effectively #ith others&
•
/hen you are trying to understand #hy #or%ers have certainattitudes and behave in certain #ays$ re(e(ber that attitudesand behaviors are deter(ined by the interaction of anindividual's personality and the situation in #hich the individual#or%s&
•
/hen feasible$ structure an individual's #or% situation to fit hisor her personality& A good (atch is li%ely to result in positiveattitudes and behaviors&
• Encourage $ accept and appreciate of the diverse personalities inyour organi.ation&
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T#e Bi" Five !odel o$ Personality
• E%troversion: The tendency to e*perience positivee(otional states and feel good about oneself and the #orld
around&
• Ne&rotiis': The tendency to e*perience negative
e(otional states and vie# oneself and the #orld aroundnegatively&
• A"reea(leness: The tendency to get along #ell #ith
others&
•Consientio&sness: The e*tent to #hich a person iscareful$ thorough and persevering&
• O)enness to E%)eriene: The e*tent to #hich a person is
original$ has broad interests$ and #illing to ta%e ris%s&
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Lo&s o$ Control
Internal Lo&s o$ Control:
Describes people #ho believethat ability$ effort$ or their o#n
actions deter(ine #hat
happens to the(&
E%ternal Lo&s o$ Control:
Describes people #ho believe
that fate$ luc%$ or outside forces
are responsible for #hathappens to the(&
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Sel$*!onitorin"
The e*tent to #hich
people try to control the#ay they present
the(selves to others&
–
Can be high or lo#
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Sel$*Estee'
The e*tent to #hich
people have pride inthe(selves and their
capabilities&
–
Can be high or lo# – ot situation specific
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Ty)e A vs+ Ty)e B Personality
Ty)e B: A person #hotends to be easygoing and
rela*ed&
Ty)e A: A person #ho
has an intense desire to
achieve$ is e*tre(ely
co(petitive$ and has a
strong sense of urgency&
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!Clelland,s Needs
Need $or A#ieve'ent: Thedesire to perfor( challenging
tas%s #ell and to (eet one's o#n
high standards&
Need $or A$$iliation: The
desire to establish and (aintain
good relations #ith others&
Need $or Po-er: The desire to
e*ert e(otional and behavioral
control or influence over others&
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Advie to !ana"ers• Reali.e and accept that so(e #or%ers are (ore li%ely than others to
be positive and enthusiastic because of their personalities& 3i(ilarly$reali.e and accept that so(e #or%ers are (ore li%ely than others toco(plain and e*perience stress because of their personalities&
• Provide an e*tra (easure of direct supervision to #or%ers #ho don't
ta%e the initiative to solve proble(s on their o#n and al#ays see( to bla(e so(eone or so(ething else #hen things go #rong&
• Provide additional encourage(ent and support to #or%ers #ith lo#self"estee( #ho tend to be little the(selves and 4uestion theirabilities&
•
Reali.e and accept that Type A individuals can be difficult to getalong #ith and so(eti(es have a hard ti(e #or%ing in tea(s&
• 5et subordinates #ho see( overly concerned about other peopleli%ing the( %no# that so(eti(es it is necessary to give honestfeedbac% and be constructively critical 6such as #hen supervisingothers7&
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A(ility
• The (ental or physical capacity to do
so(ething&
•
Types of ability – Cognitive ability
– Physical ability
• 8otor s%ill
• Physical s%ill
– E(otional intelligence
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!ana"in" A(ility in Or"ani.ations
• Seletion
– Identify tas%s to be acco(plished
– Identify abilities needed to
acco(plish tas%s – Develop accurate (easures of
abilities
• Plae'ent
– 8atch #or%ers to +obs to capitali.eon their abilities
• Trainin"
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