1. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It
lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles,
establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of
government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights, directive
principles, and the duties of citizens. INDIAN CONSTITUTION
2. CHIEF ARCHITECT OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
3. The Constitution was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on
26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The date
26 January was chosen to commemorate the Purna Swaraj declaration
of independence of 1930. With its adoption, the Union of India
officially became the modern and contemporary Republic of India
ORIGIN
4. India celebrates the adoption of the constitution on 26
January each year as Republic Day. REPUBLIC DAY
5. The preamble to the Constitution of India is a brief
introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose and
principles of the document. It is also known as the Mirror of the
Constitution. PREAMBLE
6. The Constitution declares India to be a sovereign,
socialist, secular, democratic republic, assuring its citizens of
justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote
fraternity among them. The words "socialist" and "secular" were
added to the definition in 1976 by 42nd constitutional amendment.
42ND CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT
7. The Indian constitution is the longest written constitution
of any sovereign country in the world, containing 465 articles in
22 parts, 12 schedules and 97 amendments. It took 2 Years 11 Months
and 18 days to built. LENGTHIEST CONSTITUTION
8. The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly. Dr
B.R. Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra
Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal Munshi, Purushottam
Mavalankar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, and Balwantrai Mehta were some
important figures in the Assembly. CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
9. The first temporary 2-day president of the Constituent
Assembly was Dr Sachidanand Sinha. Later, Rajendra Prasad was
elected president of the Constituent Assembly.The members of the
Constituent Assembly met for the first time on 9 December 1946. DR.
RAJENDRA PRASAD
10. On 29 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed,
with Dr B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman. DRAFTING COMMITTEE
11. On 13 December 1946, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru moved the
Objectives Resolution. OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION
12. The individual Articles of the Constitution are grouped
together into Parts (For Example): Preamble Part I Union and its
Territory Part II Citizenship. Part III Fundamental Rights. Part IV
Directive Principles of State Policy. Part IVA Fundamental Duties.
STRUCTURE
13. QUIZ SESSION
14. WHAT IS A CONSTITUTION?
15. SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND ANSWER:
16. WHO WAS THE CHIEF ARCHITECT OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION?
17. DR. B. R. AMBEDKAR ANSWER:
18. WHEN THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA CAME INTO EFFECT?
19. 26 JANUARY 1950 ANSWER:
20. WHY THE DATE 26 JANUARY WAS CHOSEN TO ENFORCE
CONSTITUTION?
21. TO COMMEMORATE THE PURNA SWARAJ DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
OF 1930. ANSWER:
22. WHAT IS DESCRIBED AS THE MIRROR OF THE CONSTITUTION?
23. THE PREAMBLE TO THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION. ANSWER:
24. WHEN WAS THE WORDS "SOCIALIST" AND "SECULAR" WERE ADDED TO
THE CONSTITUTION?
25. IN 1976 BY 42ND CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. ANSWER:
26. INDIA CELEBRATES THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION ON 26
JANUARY EACH YEAR AS ______.
27. REPUBLIC DAY ANSWER:
28. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION IS THE ______ WRITTEN CONSTITUTION
OF ANY SOVEREIGN COUNTRY IN THE WORLD.
29. LONGEST ANSWER:
30. The Constitution was drafted by the ______.
31. CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY ANSWER:
32. WHO WAS THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY?
33. DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD ANSWER:
34. WHEN WAS THE DRAFTING COMMITTEE APPOINTED?
35. On 29 August 1947. ANSWER:
36. WHO WAS THE CHAIRMAN OF THE DRAFTING COMMITTEE?
37. DR. B. R. AMBEDKAR ANSWER:
38. HOW MANY SCHEDULES ARE THERE IN THE CONSTITUTION?
39. 12 SCHEDULES ANSWER:
40. HOW MANY ARTICLES ARE THERE IN THE INDIAN
CONSTITUTION?
41. 448 (397) ARTICLES ANSWER:
42. INDIAN CONSTITUTION TOOK ___ YEARS ___ MONTHS AND ___ DAYS
TO BUILT.
43. INDIAN CONSTITUTION TOOK 2 YEARS 11 MONTHS AND 18 DAYS TO
BUILT. ANSWER:
44. THE MEMBERS OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MET FOR THE FIRST
TIME ON______.
45. 9 DECEMBER 1946 ANSWER:
46. WHO MOVED THE OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION?
47. ON 13 DECEMBER 1946, PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU MOVED THE
OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION. ANSWER:
48. WHAT DOES THE PART III OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS?
49. PART III OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS THE FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS. ANSWER:
50. WHAT DOES THE PART IV OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS?
51. PART IV OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS THE DIRECTIVE
PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY. ANSWER:
52. WHAT DOES THE PART IVA OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS?
53. PART IVA OF THE CONSTITUTION CONSISTS OF FUNDAMENTAL
DUTIES. ANSWER:
54. 'Part III - Fundamental Rights' is a charter of rights
contained in the Constitution of India. It guarantees civil
liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and
harmony as citizens of India. The Rights have their origins in many
sources, including England's Bill of Rights, the United States Bill
of Rights and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
55. 'The Forty-Forth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to
property from the list of fundamental rights now Right To Property
is a Legal Right and not a Fundamental Right. RIGHT TO
PROPERTY
56. Right to equality is an important right provided for in
Articles 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the constitution. RIGHT TO
EQUALITY (Art. 14-18)
57. Article 14 of the constitution guarantees that all citizens
shall be equally protected by the laws of the country. EQUALITY
BEFORE LAW (ART.14)
58. Article 15 of the constitution states that no person shall
be discriminated on the basis of caste, colour, language etc. Every
person shall have equal access to public places like public parks,
museums, wells, bathing ghats and temples etc. SOCIAL EQUALITY
(Art.15)
59. Article 16 of the constitution lays down that the State
cannot discriminate against anyone in the matters of employment.
All citizens can apply for government jobs. EQUALITY IN MATTERS OF
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT: (Article 16)
60. Article 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of
untouchability. ABOLITION OF UNTOUCHABILITY: (Art. 17)
61. Article 18 of the constitution prohibits the State from
conferring any titles. Exceptions- Army and Academics. ABOLITION OF
TITLES: (Article 18)
62. The Constitution of India contains the right to freedom,
given in articles 19, 20, 21 and 22, with the view of guaranteeing
individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the
constitution. RIGHT TO FREEDOM (Art.19-22)
63. The right to freedom in Article 19 guarantees the following
six freedoms: Freedom of speech and expression, which includes
"freedom of press". Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms
Freedom to form associations or unions Freedom to move freely
throughout the territory of India Freedom to reside and settle in
any part of the territory of India Freedom to practice any
profession or to carry on any ARTICLE 19
64. Article 21 declares that no citizen can be denied his life
and liberty except by law. Hence, Attempted suicide is an offence.
RIGHT TO LIFE AND LIBERTY (Article 21)
65. In 2002, through the 86th Amendment Act, Article 21(A) was
incorporated. It made the right to primary education part of the
right to freedom, stating that the State would provide free and
compulsory education to children from six to fourteen years of age.
RIGHT TO EDUCATION: (Art. 21A)
66. No one can be arrested without being told the grounds for
his arrest. If arrested, the person has the right to defend himself
by a lawyer of his choice. Also an arrested citizen has to be
brought before the nearest magistrate within 24 hours. ARTICLE
22:
67. The right against exploitation, given in Articles 23 and
24, provides for two provisions, namely the abolition of
trafficking in human beings and Begar (forced labor), and abolition
of employment of children below the age of 14 years in dangerous
jobs like factories and mines. RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION
(Art.23-24)
68. Right to freedom of religion, covered in Articles 25, 26,
27 and 28, provides religious freedom to all citizens of India. The
objective of this right is to sustain the principle of secularism
in India. According to the Constitution, all religions are equal
before the State and no religion shall be given preference over the
other. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION (Art.25-28)
69. Citizens are free to preach, practice and propagate any
religion of their choice. ARTICLE 25
70. Right to establish and maintain institutions for religious
and charitable purposes. ARTICLE 26
71. No person shall be compelled to pay taxes for the promotion
of a particular religion. ARTICLE 27
72. A State run institution cannot impart education that is
pro-religion. ARTICLE 28:
73. As India is a country of many languages, religions, and
cultures, the Constitution provides special measures, in Articles
29 and 30, to protect the rights of the minorities. CULTURAL AND
EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS (Art.23-24)
74. Any community which has a language and a script of its own
has the right to conserve and develop it. No citizen can be
discriminated against for admission in State or State aided
institutions. ARTICLE 29
75. All minorities, religious or linguistic, can set up their
own educational institutions to preserve and develop their own
culture. EXAMPLE: St. Joseph School/College, etc. ARTICLE 30
76. Right to constitutional remedies empowers the citizens to
move a court of law in case of any denial of the fundamental
rights. For instance, in case of imprisonment, the citizen can ask
the court to see if it is according to the provisions of the law of
the country. If the court finds that it is not, the person will
have to be freed. RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES (ARTICLE
32)
77. The procedure of asking the courts to preserve or safeguard
the citizens' fundamental rights can be done in various ways. The
courts can issue various kinds of writs. These writs are habeas
corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari. Thus,
the Supreme Court is made the Protector and Guarantor of
Fundamental WRITS
78. This Writ protects the personal liberty of a citizen. It
provides a remedy for a person who has been wrongly detained or
restricted. HABEAS CORPUS (You May Have The Body)
79. It is an order to a public body or person to do what is his
duty, provided it is a public duty affecting the rights of the
individual. This writ is aimed at correcting the acts of omission
on part of authorities which violate the fundamental rights of the
citizens. MANDAMUS (We Command)
80. This is a judicial writ issued by a court of superior
jurisdiction and directed to the inferior court or tribunal
preventing it from acting without proper jurisdiction.
PROHIBITION
81. This writ is an order commonly issued by a superior court
to withdraw a case without jurisdiction or in excess of it. By this
writ the superior court prevents the lower courts from exceeding
their limit. CERTIORARI
82. This writ prevents illegal assumption of any public office
till the matter is finally decided by the court. QUO WARRANTO
83. QUIZ SESSION
84. Fundamental Rights' is a charter of rights contained in the
Part _____ Constitution of India.
85. Fundamental Rights' is a charter of rights contained in the
Part III Constitution of India. ANSWER:
86. 'The ______ of 1978 deleted the right to property from the
list of fundamental rights.
87. 'The Forty-Forth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to
property from the list of fundamental rights. ANSWER:
88. Article _____ guarantees that all citizens shall be equally
protected by the laws of the country.
89. Article 14 of the constitution guarantees that all citizens
shall be equally protected by the laws of the country. ANSWER:
90. Article ______ of the constitution abolishes the practice
of untouchability.
91. Article 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of
untouchability. ANSWER:
92. Article ______ guarantees Freedom of Press.
93. Article 19 guarantees Freedom of Press. ANSWER:
94. Article _____ declares that no citizen can be denied his
life and liberty except by law.
95. Article 21 declares that no citizen can be denied his life
and liberty except by law. ANSWER:
96. The objective of Articles _____ is to sustain the principle
of secularism in India.
97. The objective of Articles 25-28 is to sustain the principle
of secularism in India. ANSWER:
98. Right to constitutional remedies under Article ______
empowers the citizens to move a court of law in case of any denial
of the fundamental rights.
99. Right to constitutional remedies under Article 32 empowers
the citizens to move a court of law in case of any denial of the
fundamental rights. ANSWER:
100. 'The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines
to the central and state governments of India, to be kept in mind
while framing laws and policies. These provisions, contained in
Part IV of the Constitution of India, are not enforceable by any
court, but the principles laid down therein are considered
fundamental in the governance of the country, making it the duty of
the State to apply these principles in making laws to establish a
just society in the country. DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE
POLICY
101. The principles have been inspired by the Directive
Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland and also by the
principles of Gandhism; and relate to social justice, economic
welfare, foreign policy, and legal and administrative matters.
ORIGIN
102. DPSPs aim to create social and economic conditions under
which the citizens can lead a good life. They also aim to establish
social and economic democracy through a welfare state.
CHARACTERISTICS
103. The DPSP are embodied in as many as 16 Articles from
Article 36 to Article 51. The DPSP may be classified into four
categories, namely: Socialist Principles. Gandhian Principles.
Liberal Principles. General Principles. CLASSIFICATION OF DPSP
104. Article 38 provides that the state shall strive to promote
the welfare of the people by securing and protecting a social order
in which Justice-social, economic, and political prevail. SOCIALIST
PRINCIPLES
105. Article 39 provides that the state shall direct its policy
towards securing: Adequate means of livelihood, the working of
economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth,
that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
106. Article 41 seeks to ensure right to work, to education and
to public assistance in cases of unemployment , old age, s icknes s
and di sablement. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
107. Article 42 provides for securing just and humane
conditions of work and for maternity relief. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES
(Contd.)
108. Article 43 provides that the State shall endeavour to
Secure to all workers , work, a living wage, a decent standard of
life, for securing just and humane conditions of work and for
maternity relief. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
109. Article 46 provides that the State shall promote with
special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker
sect ions of the people, and, in particular , of the Scheduled
Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
110. Article 47 provides that the State shall regard the
raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its
people and the improvement of public health as among its primary
duties. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
111. Article 40 provides that the State shall take steps to
organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and
authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as unit s
of self government. GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES
112. Article 43 provides that the State shall promote the
educational and economic interests of the harijans. GANDHIAN
PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
113. Article 46 provides that the State shall promote cottage
industries in rural areas. GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
114. Article 47 provides that the State shall endeavour to
effect prohibition of the consumption of intoxicating drinks and
drugs which are injurious to health. GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES
(Contd.)
115. Article 48 provides that the State shall endeavour to
preserve cattles, including cows and for prohibiting their
slaughter. GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
116. Article 44 provides that The State shall endeavor to
secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the
territory of India. LIBERAL PRINCIPLES
117. Article 45 provides that the State shall endeavor to
provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this
Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children
until they complete the age of four teen years . LIBERAL
PRINCIPLES
118. Article 48 provides that the State shall endeavor to
organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific
lines. LIBERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
119. Article 50 provides that the State shall take steps to
separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of
the State. LIBERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
120. Article 51 provides that The State shall endeavour to (a)
promote international peace and security; (b) maintain just and
honorable relations between nations. LIBERAL PRINCIPLES
(Contd.)
121. Article 49 provides that It shall be the obligation of the
State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or
historic interest. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
122. To develop the spirit of enquiry and scientific temper
among Citizens. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
123. Article 335 provides that the claims of SC and ST are
taken into consideration while making appointment to services under
Union or State Government. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
124. Article 350 provides that the state is to ensure that the
minorities are taught in their mother tongue at the primary level.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
125. Article 351 directs the state to spread Hindi language
throughout India to promote Unity in Diversity. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
(Contd.)
126. QUIZ SESSION
127. Directive Principles' are contained in the Part _____
Constitution of India.
128. Directive Principles' are contained in the Part IV
Constitution of India. ANSWER:
129. The principles have been inspired by the Directive
Principles given in the Constitution of _____.
130. The principles have been inspired by the Directive
Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland. ANSWER:
131. Directive Principles aim to establish a _____ state.
132. Directive Principles aim to establish a Welfare state.
ANSWER:
133. The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body in
India. The Parliament comprises of the President of India and the
two HousesLok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council
of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue
either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. PARLIAMENT OF
INDIA
134. India's Parliament is bicameral; Rajya Sabha is the upper
house and Lok Sabha is the lower house. The two Houses meet in
separate chambers in Sansad Bhavan, New Delhi. BICAMERAL
135. The MPs of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian
public and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the
State Legislative Assemblies. ELECTION
136. The Rajya Sabha is also known as "Council of States" or
the upper house. RAJYA SABHA
137. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to
dissolution. However, one third of the members retire every second
year, and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is
elected for a term of six years. Its members are indirectly elected
by members of legislative bodies of the States. TERM
138. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members in all.
238 members are to be elected from States and Union Territories and
12 are to be nominated by President of India and shall consist of
persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect
of such matters as the following, namely literature, science, art
and social service. COMPOSITION
139. VICE-PRESIDENT OF INDIA ACTS AS THE EX-OFFICIO CHAIRMAN OF
THE RAJYA SABHA. CHAIRMAN
140. The Rajya Sabha performs several functions and these are
largely as important as functions of the Lok Sabha. However, in
financial matters, the Rajya Sabha plays a distinctly secondary
role. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS:
141. All non-Money Bills can be introduced in either House of
the Parliament and such a bill, to be an Act, must be passed by
both Houses of the Parliament. Thus any non-Money Bill can
originate in the Rajya Sabha, and if a non-Money Bill been
initiated and approved by the Lok Sabha, it has to be approved by
the Rajya Sa before it becomes an Act. Similarly, a non-Money Bill,
originating in and approved by Rajya Sabha, has to be passed by the
Lok Sabha before it becomes a law. The Rajya Sabha can delay a
non-Money Bill, already passed by Lok Sabha, for a period of six
months. LEGISLATIVE POWERS
142. A Money Bill cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha. It
is the prerogative of the Lok Sabha to initiate it. After its
approval by the Lok Sabha, it sent to the Rajya Sabha for its
'recommendation'. The Upper House cannot change it in form, though
it may suggest some changes which may or may not be accepted by the
Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha has power to delay a Money Bill, but not
for more than fourteen days. FINANCIAL POWERS
143. The Council of Ministers is responsible only to the Lok
Sabha, but the Ministers are not totally free from control by the
Rajya Sabha. Through questioning, the members of Rajya Sabha can
elicit information about Ministers. They can criticize the latter,
their Departments and policies. And it has to be kept in mind that
criticisms by the Elders (members of the Rajya Sabha) are taken
seriously by Ministers. CONTROL OVER EXECUTIVE
144. The constituent powers of the Rajya Sabha are mainly two
in number. First, it shares the power with the Lok Sabha to amend
the Constitution. Secondly, with two-third majority vote of the
members present and voting, the Rajya Sabha can empower the
Parliament to make law on any matter contained in the State List on
the ground of national importance. CONSTITUENT POWER
145. The Rajya Sabha takes part in the election of the
President as well as of the Vice-President of India. The Vice-
Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is also elected by its members.
ELECTORAL POWER
146. The Parliament will be able to make law in relation to a
subject in the State List if the Rajya Sabha, with the support of
at least two-thirds of its members present and voting, adopts a
proposal to the effect that the Parliament, in national interest,
should make law in relation to that subject in the State List. (2)
If the Central Government wants to create or abolish any all- India
service like Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service
and Indian Forest Service etc., it has to obtain the approval of
the Rajya Sabha. (3) The resolution for removal of the Vice-
President of India has to be first moved in the Rajya Sabha.
SPECIAL POWERS
147. The Lok Sabha or House of the People is the lower house of
the Parliament of India. LOK SABHA
148. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election
under universal adult franchise for a period of 5 years.
ELECTION
149. The Constitution limits the Lok Sabha to a maximum of 552
members, including no more than 20 members representing people from
the Union Territories, and two appointed non- partisan members to
represent the Anglo- Indian community (if the President feels that
the community is not adequately represented). COMPOSITION
150. The Speaker is the presiding officer of the lower house of
Parliament of India. The speaker is elected in the very first
meeting of the Lok Sabha after the general elections for a term of
5 years from amongst the members of the Lok Sabha. SPEAKER
151. The Lok Sabha which is the more representative chamber of
the Parliament performs a number of useful functions. POWERS AND
FUNCTIONS
152. Lawmaking is the main function of the Parliament and in
this field the Lok Sabha plays an important role. All types of
bills can originate in the Lok Sabha and if a bill is moved in and
passed by the Rajya Sabha, it has to come to the Lok Sabha for its
approval. LEGISLATIVE
153. Control over purse makes one powerful. In financial
matters, the Lok Sabha has a distinct superiority over the Rajya
Sabha. The Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. It
cannot be moved in the Rajya Sabha. FINANCIAL POWERS
154. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to
the Lower House of the Parliament. Thus, the government is
accountable to the Lok Sabha for its acts of omission and
commission. The Rajya Sabha cannot hold the government accountable
to it. It is only the Lok Sabha which can force the Council of
Ministers to resign by passing a vote of no-confidence against it.
CONTROL OVER EXECUTIVE
155. The Lok Sabha shares with the Rajya Sabha the power to
amend the constitution. CONSTITUTIONAL
156. WHEN WAS THE DRAFTING COMMITTEE APPOINTED?
157. On 29 August 1947. ANSWER:
158. The Lok Sabha takes part in the election of the President
and the Vice-President. ELECTORAL
159. It takes part in the impeachment proceedings against the
President of India. It shares power with the Rajya Sabha to remove
the Judges of the Supreme Court and the Judges of High Courts.
JUDICIAL POWERS
160. The members of the Lok Sabha are elected from different
parts of India. They try to remove the difficulties of their
respective constituencies by stating their grievances on the floor
of the Lok Sabha. VENTILATION OF GRIEVANCES
161. QUIZ SESSION
162. The Parliament comprises of ______ and ______.
163. The Parliament comprises of the President of India and the
two HousesLok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council
of States). ANSWER:
164. India's Parliament is _____; Rajya Sabha is the _____ and
_____ is the lower house.
165. India's Parliament is bicameral; Rajya Sabha is the upper
house and Lok Sabha is the lower house. ANSWER:
166. The MPs of Lok Sabha are ______ elected by the Indian
public and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the
______.
167. The MPs of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian
public and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the
State Legislative Assemblies. ANSWER:
168. The Rajya Sabha is also known as _____ or the _____.
169. The Rajya Sabha is also known as "Council of States" or
the upper house. ANSWER:
170. Rajya Sabha is a _____ body and is not subject to
dissolution.
171. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to
dissolution. ANSWER:
172. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of _____ members in all
where _____ members are to be elected from States and Union
Territories and _____ are to be nominated by President of
India.
173. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members in all
where 238 members are to be elected from States and Union
Territories and 12 are to be nominated by President of India.
ANSWER:
174. _____ OF INDIA ACTS AS THE EX- OFFICIO CHAIRMAN OF THE
RAJYA SABHA.
175. VICE-PRESIDENT OF INDIA ACTS AS THE EX-OFFICIO CHAIRMAN OF
THE RAJYA SABHA. ANSWER:
176. The DPSP is classified into _____, ______, ______, and
______ Principles.
177. The DPSP is classified into Socialist, Gandhian, Liberal
and General Principles. ANSWER:
178. The government comprises three branches: the executive,
the legislative and the judiciary. EXECUTIVE
179. The executive branch of government is the part of
government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily
administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into
separate branches of government is central to the republican idea
of the separation of powers.
180. The President is the first citizen of the country. The
Constitution vests in the President of India all the executive
powers of the Central Government. The head of the executive branch
is the President. PRESIDENT
181. Must be a citizen of India Completed 35 years of age
Eligible to be a member of Lok Sabha Must not hold any government
post. Exceptions are: President and Vice-President Governor of any
state Minister of Union State QUALIFICATION
182. Indirectly elected through Electoral College consisting of
Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament & Elected
members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. (No nominated
members). ELECTION
183. 5 year term Present Salary- Rs. 1,50,000/month (including
allowances & emoluments) TERM AND EMOLUMENTS
184. The President may be removed before the expiry of the term
through impeachment. A President can be removed for violation of
the Constitution of India. REMOVAL
185. The process may start in either of the two houses of the
Parliament. A resolution to impeach the President has to be passed
by a special majority (two- third majority of the total members
present and voting). IMPEACHMENT
186. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
187. The President summons both the Houses (the Lok Sabha and
the Rajya Sabha) of the Parliament. He or she can dissolve the Lok
Sabha. The President inaugurates the Parliament by addressing it
after the general elections. All bills passed by the Parliament can
become laws only after receiving the assent of the President. The
President can also withhold his assent to the bill when it is
initially presented to him (rather than return it to the
Parliament) thereby exercising a pocket veto. LEGISLATIVE
POWERS
188. The Indian Constitution, vests in the President of India,
all the executive powers of the Central Government. The President
appoints the Prime Minister. The President is the Commander in
Chief of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India can grant
a pardon to or reduce the sentence of a convicted person for one
time, particularly in cases involving punishment of death.
EXECUTIVE POWERS
189. The President appoints the Chief Justice of the Union
Judiciary and other judges on the advice of the Chief Justice.
JUDICIAL POWERS
190. All international treaties and agreements are negotiated
and concluded on behalf of the President. DIPLOMATIC POWERS
191. The President is the supreme commander of the defence
forces of India. The President can declare war or conclude peace,
subject to the approval of parliament. MILITARY POWERS
192. The President can declare three types of emergencies:
national, state, financial. EMERGENCY POWERS
193. National emergency is caused by war, external aggression
or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its
territory. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962
(Indo-China war), 1971 (Indo-Pakistan war), 1975 to 1977 (declared
by Indira Gandhi on account of "internal disturbance"). NATIONAL
EMERGENCY (ART.352)
194. State emergency, also known as President's rule, is
declared due to breakdown of constitutional machinery in a state.
STATE EMERGENCY (ART.356)
195. If the President is satisfied that there is an economic
situation in which the financial stability or credit of India is
threatened, he/she can then proclaim a financial emergency.
FINANCIAL EMERGENCY (ART.360)
196. QUIZ SESSION
197. The _____ of government is the part of government that has
sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of
the state bureaucracy.
198. The executive branch of government is the part of
government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily
administration of the state bureaucracy. ANSWER:
199. The _____ is the first citizen of the country.
200. The President is the first citizen of the country.
ANSWER:
201. The President is indirectly elected through _____
consisting of Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament
& Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the
States.
202. The President is indirectly elected through Electoral
College consisting of Elected members of both the Houses of
Parliament & Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of
the States. ANSWER:
203. WHAT IS THE TERM OF THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA?
204. 5 YEARS. ANSWER:
205. The President may be removed before the expiry of the term
through ______.
206. The President may be removed before the expiry of the term
through impeachment. ANSWER:
207. The President can declare three types of emergencies:
_____, _____, _____.
208. The President can declare three types of emergencies:
national, state, financial. ANSWER:
209. _____ emergency is caused by war, external aggression or
armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its
territory.
210. National emergency is caused by war, external aggression
or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its
territory. ANSWER:
211. According to Article _____ the President can declare
financial emergency.
212. According to Article 360 the President can declare
financial emergency. ANSWER:
213. The Prime Minister leads the executive branch of the
Government of India. He is the chief of government, chief advisor
to the President of India, head of the Council of Ministers and the
leader of the majority party in parliament. PRIME MINISTER OF
INDIA
214. A Prime Minister must be: a citizen of India. should be a
member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha above 25 years of age.
He/She shall not hold any office of profit under the Government of
India or the Government of any State. QUALIFICATION
215. 5 year term Present Salary- Rs. 1,30,000/month (including
allowances & emoluments) TERM AND EMOLUMENTS
216. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
217. The Prime Minister forms the Ministry. The President
appoints the Ministers as recommended by the Prime Minister.
FORMATION OF THE MINISTRY
218. The Prime Minister has a free hand in assigning various
departments to his colleagues. It is for him to determine the size
of the Cabinet and the Ministers to be included in it. DISTRIBUTION
OF PORTFOLIOS
219. The Governors and Lieutenant-Governors of the states and
territories of India have similar powers and functions at the state
level as that of the President of India at Union level. Governors
exist in the states while Lieutenant-Governors exist in union
territories and in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The
Governor acts as the nominal head whereas the real power lies in
the hand of the Chief Ministers of the states and the Chief
Minister's Council of Ministers GOVERNORS OF STATES OF INDIA
220. A Governor must be: a citizen of India. Should not be a
member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha above 35 years of age. Must
not be an insolvent or bankrupt. QUALIFICATION
221. 5 year term Present Salary- Rs. 1,10,000/month. He is also
entitled to free accommodation, electricity, transport, telephone
and staff. TERM AND EMOLUMENTS
222. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
223. The Constitution vests in the Governor all the executive
powers of the State Government. The Governor appoints the Chief
Minister who enjoys the support of the majority in the Vidhan
Sabha. The Governor also appoints the other members of the Council
of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of
the Chief Minister. He/she also appoints the Advocate General and
the chairman and members of the State Public Service EXECUTIVE
POWERS
224. The Governor summons the sessions of both houses of the
state legislature and prorogues them. The Governor can even
dissolve the Vidhan Sabha. A bill that the state legislature has
passed, can become a law only after the Governor gives assent. The
Governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a
money bill, for reconsideration. When the state legislature is not
in session and the Governor considers it necessary to have a law,
then the Governor can promulgate ordinances. LEGISLATIVE
POWERS
225. Money bills can be introduced in the State Legislative
Assembly only on the prior recommendation of the Governor. He/she
also causes to be laid before the State Legislature the annual
financial statement which is the State Budget. FINANCIAL
POWERS
226. The Governor can use these powers: a) If no party gets an
absolute majority, the Governor can use his discretion in the
selection of the Chief Minister; b) During an emergency he can
override the advice of the council of ministers. At such times, he
acts as an agent of the President and becomes the real ruler of the
state; c) He uses his direction in submitting a report to the
President regarding the affairs of the state; and d) He can
withhold his assent to a bill and send it to the President for his
approval. DISCRETIONARY POWERS
227. QUIZ SESSION
228. The Constitution vests in the Governor all the executive
powers of the _____ Government.
229. The Constitution vests in the Governor all the executive
powers of the State Government. ANSWER:
230. When the state legislature is not in session and the
Governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the Governor
can promulgate _____.
231. When the state legislature is not in session and the
Governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the Governor
can promulgate ordinances. ANSWER:
232. Who is the Present Governor of Karnataka?
233. H.R. BHARDWAJ ANSWER:
234. The Prime Minister is the Chairman of the Cabinet
Committee. He convenes and presides over all the meetings of the
Cabinet. CHAIRMAN OF THE CABINET COMMITTEE
235. The Prime Minister is the chief co- ordinator of the
policies of several Departments. In case of conflicts between two
departments, he acts as the mediator. CHIEF CO-ORDINATOR OF
POLICIES
236. The Prime Minister is the only channel of communication
between the President and the Cabinet. He informs the President all
the decisions taken in the Cabinet. SOLE ADVISER TO THE
PRESIDENT
237. The Prime Minister is the leader of the nation. He is the
chief spokesman of the Governmental policies in the Parliament. All
important policy announcements are made by him in the Parliament.
He is the leader of the majority party and as such he usually
becomes the leader of the House. LEADER OF THE NATION
238. QUIZ SESSION
239. The Prime Minister is the _____ of the nation.
240. The Prime Minister is the leader of the nation.
ANSWER:
241. The Prime Minister is the leader of the _____ party.
242. The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party.
ANSWER:
243. The Prime Minister is the Bridge or channel of
communication between the _____ and the Cabinet.
244. The Prime Minister is the Bridge or channel of
communication between the President and the Cabinet. ANSWER:
245. WHO IS THE PRESENT PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA?
246. DR. MANMOHAN SINGH. ANSWER:
247. The Chief Minister is the head of the Council of
Ministers. In State actually it is the Chief Minister who runs the
administration in the name of Governor. CHIEF MINISTERS OF
STATES
248. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor of the
State. Governor elects the leader of the majority party of the
Legislative Assembly. APPOINTMENT
249. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
250. The Chief Minister forms the Cabinet. After his
appointment he prepares a list of Ministers and the Governor makes
the appointment. FORMATION OF THE GOVERNMENT
251. The Chief Minister distribute the department among the
ministers. He looks after the work of other ministers. He has right
to change the department of ministers at his will and wish. CONTROL
OVER THE MINISTERS
252. The Chief Minister calls the meetings of the Cabinet and
presides over its meetings. He also prepares and controls the
agenda for cabinet meetings. LEADER OF THE CABINET
253. Very often the Chief Minister also happens to be the
leader of the ruling party. LEADER OF THE RULING PARTY
254. The Chief Minister is also the leader of the Vidhana
Sabha. He is the leader of the legislative assembly because his
party commands majority in the legislature. He explains and
clarifies issues regarding policies and programmes of the
government. LEADER OF THE VIDHANA SABHA
255. He functions as the manager of the government affairs. He
is the one who brings about the co-ordination and harmony among
different departments. COORDINATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT
DEPARTMENTS
256. The Chief Minister enjoys the crucial power of
recommending the dissolution of the Vidhana Sabha, before its term
expires. POWER OF DISSOLUTION
257. The Chief Minister works as a connecting bridge between
the Governor and the ministry. He holds the important meetings with
the Governor about the problems faced by the state. He also keeps
the Governor in touch with the decisions taken by the ministry. THE
CONNECTING BRIDGE
258. QUIZ SESSION
259. In State actually it is the ______ who runs the
administration in the name of Governor.
260. In State actually it is the Chief Minister who runs the
administration in the name of Governor. ANSWER:
261. The Chief Minister is appointed by the ______ of the
State.
262. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor of the
State. ANSWER:
263. The Chief Minister works as a connecting bridge between
the _____ and the ministry.
264. The Chief Minister works as a connecting bridge between
the Governor and the ministry. ANSWER:
265. There are various levels of judiciary in India different
types of courts, each with varying powers depending on the tier and
jurisdiction bestowed upon them. They form a strict hierarchy of
importance, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit,
with the Supreme Court of India at the top, followed by High Courts
of respective states with district judges sitting in District
Courts and Magistrates of Second Class and Civil Judge (Junior
Division) at the bottom. Courts hear criminal and civil cases,
including disputes between individuals and the government. The
Indian judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative
branches of government according to the Constitution. JUDICIARY OF
INDIA
266. On 26 January 1950, when India became a Sovereign
Democratic Republic, the Supreme Court of India was born in Delhi.
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
267. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the
land as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of
India. According to the Constitution of India, the role of the
Supreme Court is that of a federal court, guardian of the
Constitution and the highest court of appeal. HIGHEST COURT OF
APPEAL
268. Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice and 26 other
companion Judges appointed by the President of India. COMPOSITION
:
269. Judges in Supreme Court hold office till the age of 65
years. TENURE:
270. The salary of Chief Justice is Rs 1.10 lakh while that of
other Judges is Rs 90,000/- a month plus allowances etc.
SALARY:
271. The Supreme Court has different powers and functions which
are discussed under the following heads : Original Jurisdiction.
Appellate Jurisdiction. Advisory Jurisdiction. Guardian of the
Constitution. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS :
272. The Supreme Court can directly hear and admit some special
type of cases. For example any dispute between the Government of
India and one or more State Governments or between two or more
State Governments. ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
273. Under this, Supreme Court hears cases on appeal from the
courts below. APPELLATE JURISDICTION
274. The President of India can make a reference to the Supreme
Court and ask its opinion either on an issue of law or question of
fact, provided that it is of public importance. For example, Ram
Janam Bhoomi and Babri Masjid issue has been referred to Supreme
Court recently seeking its advice whether there existed a temple or
a masjid. ADVISORY JURISDICTION
275. The Supreme Court is the guardian of liberties of the
people and fundamental rights of the Indian citizens. Any case
arising out of such Constitutional controversies can be directly
taken to Supreme Court. It is also called interpreter of the
Constitution. GUARDIAN OF THE CONSTITUTION
276. QUIZ SESSION
277. The ______ is the highest court of the land.
278. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the
land. ANSWER:
279. The Supreme Court is located in ______.
280. The Supreme Court is located in New Delhi. ANSWER:
281. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the
______.
282. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President
of India. ANSWER:
283. Judges in Supreme Court hold office till the age of ______
years.
284. Judges in Supreme Court hold office till the age of 65
years. ANSWER:
285. The case of any dispute between the Government of India
and one or more State Governments comes under ______ jurisdiction
of the Supreme Court.
286. The case of any dispute between the Government of India
and one or more State Governments comes under Original jurisdiction
of the Supreme Court. ANSWER:
287. The Supreme Court is the ______ of liberties of the people
and fundamental rights of the Indian citizens.
288. The Supreme Court is the guardian of liberties of the
people and fundamental rights of the Indian citizens. ANSWER:
289. Local Self Government is the management of local affairs
by such local bodies who have been elected by the local people. The
importance of local self-government has been emphasized by
political thinkers and administrators of all ages. LOCAL SELF
GOVERNMENT
290. 'Panchayati Raj system is a three-tier system in the state
with elected bodies at the Village, Taluk and District levels. It
ensures greater participation of people and more effective
implementation of rural development programmes. There will be a
Grama Panchayat for a village or group of villages, a Taluk level
and the Zilla Panchayat at the district level. PANCHAYATI RAJ
SYSTEM
291. The concept of Local Self Government is very ancient to
India. It has originated since the Vedic period, when the village
assembly known as Samiti and Sabha and the Gramani, the village
headman existed. These assemblies represented the king`s authority
in civil and military administration and collected dues on behalf
of the king. EARLY HISTORY
292. During the time of the Rig-Veda (1700 BC), evidences
suggest that self-governing village bodies called 'sabhas' existed.
With the passage of time, these bodies became panchayats (council
of five persons). Panchayats were functional institutions of
grassroots governance in almost every village. EARLY HISTORY (Rig
Veda Period)
293. The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was a committee appointed
by the Government of India in January 1957 to examine the working
of the Community Development Programme(1952) and the National
Extension Service(1953) and to suggest measures for their better
working. THE BALWANT RAI MEHTA COMMITTEE (1957)
294. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act came into force in
1992 to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj
institutions. According to this act, the Panchayati Raj system was
introduced as Local Self Government for all States. 73rd
Constitutional Amendment Act
295. Its main features are as follows : The Gram Sabha or
village assembly as a deliberative body to decentralised governance
has been envisaged as the foundation of the Panchayati Raj System.
A uniform three-tier structure of panchayats at village (Gram
Panchayat GP), intermediate or block (Panchayat Samiti PS) and
district (Zilla Parishad ZP) levels. All the seats in a panchayat
at every level are to be filled by elections from respective
territorial constituencies. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act
(Features)
296. Not less than one-third of the total seats for membership
as well as office of chairpersons of each tier have to be reserved
for women. Reservation for weaker castes and tribes (SCs and STs)
have to be provided at all levels in proportion to their population
in the panchayats. To supervise, direct and control the regular and
smooth elections to panchayats, a State Election Commission has to
be constituted in every State and UT. The Act has ensured
constitution of a State Finance Commission in every State/UT, for
every five years, to suggest measures to strengthen finances of
PRIs. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (Features)
297. To promote bottom-up-planning, the District Planning
Committee in every district has been accorded constitutional
status. An indicative list of 29 items has been given in Eleventh
Schedule of the Constitution. Panchayats are expected to play an
effective role in planning and implementation of works related to
these 29 items. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (Features)
298. In the recent years Local Self Government has been playing
a vital role. These local bodies provide services to the local
community as well as act as an instrument of democratic self-
government. This level of government is recognised by the people as
they are close to the citizens and involve them in the decision
making process. PRESENT SCENARIO
299. Local government is of two types that include urban local
government and rural local government. Urban local government was
manifested in Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils, Town Area
Committees and Notified Area Committees. However, the
Seventy-Fourth Constitution Amendment Act adopted in 1992 proposes
to form a uniform structure of Municipal Corporations, Municipal
Councils and Nagar Panchayats in transitional areas. Nevertheless,
the Rural local government operates through Zilla Panchayats
(Parishads), Taluka Panchayats and Village Panchayats. PRESENT
SCENARIO (Contd.)
300. At present, there are about 3 million elected
representatives at all levels of the panchayat one-third of which
are women. These members represent more than 2.4 lakh Gram
Panchayats, about 6,000 intermediate level tiers and more than 500
district panchayats. PRESENT SCENARIO (Contd.)
301. Spread over the length and breadth of the country, the new
panchayats cover about 96 per cent of India's more than 5.8 lakh
villages and nearly 99.6 per cent of rural population. This is the
largest experiment in decentralisation of governance in the history
of humanity. PRESENT SCENARIO (Contd.)
302. The Constitution visualises panchayats as institutions of
self-governance. However, giving due consideration to the federal
structure of our polity, most of the financial powers and
authorities to be endowed on panchayats have been left at the
discretion of concerned state legislatures. Consequently, the
powers and functions vested in PRIs vary from state to state. These
provisions combine representative and direct democracy into a
synergy and are expected to result in an extension and deepening of
democracy in India. Hence, panchayats have journeyed from an
institution within the culture of India to attain constitutional
status. CONCLUSION
303. QUIZ SESSION
304. ______ is the management of local affairs by such local
bodies who have been elected by the local people.
305. Local Self Government is the management of local affairs
by such local bodies who have been elected by the local people.
ANSWER:
306. Panchayati Raj system is a _____ system in the state with
elected bodies at the Village, Taluk and District levels.
307. Panchayati Raj system is a three-tier system in the state
with elected bodies at the Village, Taluk and District levels.
ANSWER:
308. The ______ Committee was a committee appointed by the
Government of India in January 1957 to examine the working of the
Community Development Programme.
309. The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was a committee appointed
by the Government of India in January 1957 to examine the working
of the Community Development Programme. ANSWER:
310. The ______ Act came into force in 1992 to provide
constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
311. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act came into force in
1992 to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj
institutions. ANSWER:
312. ______ government is of two types that include urban local
government and rural local government.
313. Local government is of two types that include urban local
government and rural local government. ANSWER: