Microbes in Agriculture
MicrobiologyCourse Instructor: Mohammad Manzur Sharif Sayeem.
Presented by
S. M. Jahid Mostofa
ID: 2015-1-77-033
What is microbes?
Microbes, or microorganisms are minute living things that are usually unable to be viewed with the naked eye.
Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses are examples!
Chemical in AgricultureFarmers use -Chemical Pesticides.Chemical fertilizers.In the last century, chemical fertilizers were used in agriculture. Farmers were happy of getting increased yield in agriculture in the beginning .But slowly chemical fertilizers started displaying their ill-effects such as: Polluting water.Destroying micro-organisms and friendly insects Making the crop more able to the attack of diseases.
Microbes in Agriculture
Microbes are harmful but some microbes are useful for our day to life.
Microbes in agriculture used as-Bio-control agent.Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer.
Biological control agents
First coined by Harry Smith in relation to the biological control of insects.
Biological control agents are◦Pollution free.◦Host specific.◦Expensive.
Biological control agents
BacteriaPseudomonasXanthomon
as
Herbicides/weedicides
Fungi
Beauveria Aphids, mealybugs , mites, white flies.
Phytophthora
Milk weed in citrus orchard.
Trichoderma
Soil bone plant pathogen
Biological control agents
Fungi DactylariaArthrobotrys
Nematodes
Protozoans
NosemaGrasshoppers, Caterpillars,
Crickets.
VirusesNPV(Nuclea
r Polyhedrosi
s Virus)
Gypsy moths,Caterpillars.
Aphid Milkweed Mealy bugs
Gypsy moth White fly
PseudomonasXanthomonas
Use as Herbicides.Suspension of such bacterial spores on
the plant.Not harmful for major crops.Weeds to be controlled.Ex- P. Protegens
Weed killed with herbicides
Beauveria
Use spore sprayed on affected crops .
Can be used as a biological insecticide to control a number of pests such as aphid, mites ,mealy bugs, whiteflies, and many other insects.
Ex- Beauveria bassiana
PhytophthoraPalmivera
Pathogen for milk weed.Use spore sprayed on affected
crops .Ex- Phytophthora infestans
Trichoderma
Very important and famous for soil bone plant pathogen.
Generally grows in its natural habitat on the root surface and so affects root disease in particular.
Can also be effective against foliar diseases
Ex-T. harzianum, T. hamatum
DactylariaArthrobotrys
Make traps.Nematodes come this trapThey will effectively killed.Ex- A. oligospora
Arthrobotry
NosemaIt is available in powder fromIt is poisonous.Grasshoppers, Caterpillars, Crickets
eat the tender part of plants.They die because of nosema.
NPV(Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus)
It is also available in powder fromUnable to affect humans in the way it
affects insectsIt is transferred from insect to insect
through crystals in all of their bodily emissions.
Kill Gypsy moths, Caterpillars.
Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer
Pest can control by bio-control agents but what about the fertility of soil.
When palnt production or crops production is not enough chemical fertilizer can switch over biofertilizer.
It is nothing but either bacteria or blue green algae or some fungus.
These microorganism should be-
I. Fixers.II. Phosphate solubilizers.
N2
Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer
1Freeliving Fixing bacteria
2Freeliving
FixingBGA
3Symbiotic
FixingBacteria
4Symbiotic
FixingBGA
5
Micoriza
Azotobacter
Clostridium
Bacillus polymyxa
Nostoc
Anabaena
Aulosira
Rhizobium-Root
nodules in legumes.
Anabaena Azollae in
Azolla
Ectmicoriza
Endmicroriza
N2 N2 N2 N2
Free-living Fixing bacteria
• It is available in powder from• Convert atmosphere nitrogen into
nitrate and nitrite.• Increase the nitrogen contain of soil.Azotobacter
Clostridium Bacillus polymyxa
N2
Free-livingFixing BGA
Make special cells called heterocysts.
Heterocysts are cells that are terminally specialized for nitrogen fixation.
Use only paddy fields.By dead Nitrate and ammonia will
be available.Nostoc, Anabaena, Aulosira
N2
Symbiotic Fixing Bacteria
It is well known biofertilizer.Always associated with roots of
legumes plants.Take nitrogen from the air into
Ammonia which acts as a natural fertilizer for the plants.
Need higher amount of nitrogenRhizobium-Root nodules in legumes
N2
Symbiotic Fixing BGA
•Make special cells called heterocysts.
Heterocysts are cells that are terminally specialized for nitrogen fixation.
Use only paddy fields.Anabaena Azollae in Azolla.
N2
Mycorrhiza
Mycorrhizas are commonly divided into ectomycorrhizas (external surface of root) and endomycorrhizas (inside the cell).
They can absorb more amount of calcium, magnesium, Water and most important phosphate.
EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM
Developed by Prof. Higa in 1982. Was used in agriculture and
environment field.
EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM
Complex microorganism solution. It contains mainly 3 species such as
Lactic acid bacteria, Yeast, Phototrophic Bacteria.
Collected from food industries and nature
EM IN AGRICULTURE
Enhances the photosynthetic capacity of crops
Develops resistance of plants to pests and disease
Improves physical, chemical and biological environments of the soil and destroy soil born pathogens and pests
Microbes in AgricultureBio-control agent are
expensive ,safe then chemical pesticides.
Biofertilizers are cheap ,safe and renewable resources rather than chemical fertilizers.
At last microorganisms play an important role in Agriculture.
THANK YOU
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