EXPERIENCE OF MAJOR CITIES IN VIETNAM
Dr. Pham Hoai CHUNG
Transport Development Strategy Institute
Ministry of Transport, Vietnam
IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON URBAN MOBILITY
Ha Noi city
Ho Chi Minh city
November, 2020
OVERVIEW OF HANOI CITY AND HO
CHI MINH CITY1
2 IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN VIETNAM
3IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON URBAN
MOBILITY
4 SOLUTIONS
Hanoi City - The capital of Vietnam
Area: 3,348 square kilometers
Population : 8.05 million people
GRDP: $5,600 per capita
Polulation density: 2,406 people/km2
Highest density : 43,000 people/km2
Urbanization rate : 69.7%.
Ho Chi Minh city
Ha Noi city
Ho Chi Minh City - The leading in
economic development of Vietnam
Area: 2,095 square kilometers
Population : 9.1 million people.
GRDP: $6,300 per capita
Polulation density: 4,344 people/km2
Highest density : 46,000 people/km2
Urbanization rate : 83%.
OVERVIEW OFHANOI CITY AND HO CHI MINH CITY
No Content Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City
1 Traffic infrastructure- Urban road length (km) 2.250 4.400
-Ratio of land for traffic / urban construction land (%)
9,75 10,2
- Ratio of land for static traffic (%) 0,31 0,28
2 Private Vehicle- Motorbikes (vehicles) 6,1 milion 8,0 milion
Ratio of motorbikes / 1000 people (car / 1000 people)
757 890
Motorcycle growth 2015-2019 (% / year) 5,18% 3,82%
- Passenger car (vehicles) 468 thousands 354 thousandsRatio of car / 1000 people (car / 1000 people)
58 39
Growth of car 2015-2019 (% / year) 17,43% 15,58%
3 MRT
- Urban Railway (route)Khai thác tuyến đầu tiên: 2021
Khai thác tuyến đầu tiên: 2022
- BRT (route)01 tuyến: BX Yên Nghĩa – BX Kim Mã
Đang nghiên cứu
4 Bus- No. of Route 127 139- Bus fleet 1,952 2,063
Bus rate / 100,000 inhabitants 24 23
-Number of passengers in 2019 (million trips / year)
484,5 290
Average number of trips by public transport (Trip / person / year)
56 32
- Market share (%) 8,69% 4,42% 4
-Limited capacity transport
infrastructure: land for traffic is
still low, only 40-50% of therequirement
-Large number of
motorcycles, very high
ownership rate
-Cars are on a strong growth
trend due to economic
development
-Public transport lack of
capacity: only busescurrently. UMRT will be
deployed in the near future.
-People mainly use private
vehicles in traffic, the rate
of using public transport is
very low
EXISTING CONDITIONS OF THE URBANTRANSPORT INHANOI AND HO CHI MINH CITY
5
Current status (2020)
• Hanoi: 07 bus routes using
CNG fuel, 102 vehicles
• Ho Chi Minh City: 453 vehiclesuse CNG
Low emission vehicles
In the near future (2021)
- In Hanoi and City. Ho Chi Minh City will
put into operation 15 routes, 250electric buses
- Electric bus: speed 80 km / h, capacity
65-70 people, Lithium-Ion battery, no
emissions
CNG Bus
Electric Bus
EXISTING CONDITIONS OF THE URBANTRANSPORT INHANOI AND HO CHI MINH CITY
OVERVIEW OF COVID-19 INVIETNAM
2 13 17218 268
369 369
590
1046
1300
2 35 350
500
1000
1500
Jan 23 Feb 01 Mar 06 Apr 01 Apr 15 Apr 28 Jul 24 Aug 02 Sep 02 Nov 20
Infected Deceased
Number of COVID-19 cases in Vietnam (including quaratined cases from immigration)
Source: MOH and TDSI calculation
1
41 days 52 days
Outbreak: cases found in society (immigration was excluded)
Control: no case found in society
83 days 42 days
78 days
23
4 5The “safe-line”
5 phase of COVID-19 in VIETNAM
Social distance
4 weeks2 types of
COVID-19 cases
Social
Immigration
Easy to quarantine.
Cause outbreak.
Hard to control.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON URBAN MOBILITY IN HA NOI CITY
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON URBAN MOBILITY
IMPACT ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMPANY
IMPACT ON TRAFFIC FLOW
IMPACT ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT VOLUME
IMPACT ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT EMPLOYEE
IMPACT ON PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT
COVID-19
1
2
3
4
5
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW
❖ Traffic flow survey: on 35 main traffic axes in Hanoi and 12 main traffic axes in Ho Chi Minh City
❖ People's commuter sociological survey: 5,820 people
❖ Time: from March 2020 - June 2020
SURVEY LOCATION
Survey respondents
Vehicle
type
Illust
ratio
n
Descriptions
Motorbike Two-wheeled motor vehicles
(including bicycles)
Car Four-wheeled motor vehicle carrying
people from 2 to 5 seats, including a
pickup truck for both passenger and
freight transportation
Bus Small
bus
As a four-wheel or six-wheel motor
vehicle for passenger transportation
(7-12 seats)
Mediu
m bus
As a four-wheel or six-wheel motor
vehicle for passenger transportation
(12-29 seats)
Large
bus
Six-wheel motor vehicle for
passenger transportation (29 seats or
more)
Tru
ck
Light
truck
Four-wheel motor vehicle for freight
transportation (less than 3.5 tons)
Heavy
truck
Motor vehicle with six or more wheels
used for carrying large volume of
freights (over 3.5 tons)
Field survey photo
Survey bus and car speed Social survey
Traffic survey
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW
Comparison of traffic volume on some routes due to Covid-19 impact
Motorbike average speed
Average speed of car
Average speed of bus
Traffic Volume Survey Results
No Route
Normal Impact of Covid-10 situationTỷ lệ
giảmVolume
(PCU)LOS
Volume
(PCU)LOS
1 Dinh Tien Hoang 3,168 D 2,185 C 31,03%
2 Dong Khoi 3,296 D 2,197 C 33,34%
3 Ham Nghi 3,036 D 1,898 C 37,48%
4 Le Duan 5,851 D 4,376 C 25,21%
5 Le Loi 4,813 D 3,592 C 25,37%
6 Ly Tu Trong 3,028 E 2,163 C 28,57%
7 Nguyen Thai Hoc 4,550 D 3,626 C 20,31%
8 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai 3,036 D 2,266 C 25,36%
9 Tran Hung Dao 5,777 D 3,851 C 33,34%
10 Truong Dinh 3,168 D 2,112 C 33,33%
11 Cach Mang Thang Tam 4,816 D 3,320 C 31,02%
12 Nam Ky Khoi Nghia 2,888 D 1,805 B 37,50%
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW
❖ During the period of social isolation: Traffic volume
decreases by 70-84%.
❖ Average COVID-19 affected period: Traffic volume
decreases 20-37%
❖ Average speed of traffic at peak hours increased by
1.80-2.36 times
❖ Results of the sociological survey: the average number of
trips decreased by 35% (from an average of 3.2 trips /day and night to 2.1 trips / day)
- Adopt work-from-home policy
- Limit people on the street (social-distance)
- Pupils and students are allowed to take leave from school
to prevent epidemics
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW
Traffic flow survey results:
Reason
Before COVID-19 After COVID-19
HCM
City
Hanoi
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW
TRANSPORT VOLUME REDUCTION
FREIGHT TRANSPORT 8.1%
PASSENGER TRANSPORT 27.3%
Source: GSO, October 2020
Passenger transport volumeQuarter
I/2020YOY
Quarter
II/2020YOY
First 6 months
of 2020YOY
Rail 1,341 6.5% 638 29.1% 1,979.2 46.6%
Sea 1,306 6.7% 1,532 81.8% 2,837.7 74.3%
IWT 44,705 8.7% 46,642 93.3% 91,347.1 89.9%
Road 1,073,583 9.2% 628,291 52.8% 1,701,874.7 72.1%
Air 10,543 8.1% 4,033 29.3% 14,575.4 54.5%
Freight transport volumeQuarter
I/2020YOY
Quarter
II/2020YOY
First 6
months of
2020
YOY
Rail 1,192 94.6% 638 98.8% 2,586.1 96.7%
Sea 19,405 97.4% 1,532 96.1% 39,885.3 96.8%
IWT 72,213 98.4% 46,642 96.3% 147,821.6 97.4%
Road 335,916 105.8% 628,291 91.1% 632,546.8 98.4%
Air 89 94.7% 4,033 36.9% 211.4 62.6%
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT
Cost for
COVID-19
impact
Capacity
Reduction
Stop Operating
(Social-distance)Total
Period From Mar 22 to Mar27 and from
Apr 23 to May 3
From Mar 28 to
Apr 22
Duration 15 days 25 days 40 days
Volume reduction
(passenger)157,344 4,212,166 4,369,510
RevenueReduction
(USD)1,000,000 2,700,000 3,700,000
✓ 104 affected routes
✓ Passenger decrease by 26.8% YOY
Cost for COVID-19 impact Cost (USD)
Buy masks, hand satinizers,
disinfection equipment,…
970,000
Capacity reduction, Stop Operating 2,000,000
Total 2,970,000
✓ 127 affected routes
✓ Passenger decrease by 52,5% YOY
After COVID-19 Present
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT VOLUME
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMPANY AND EMPLOYEE
✓ 7500 people have to take a break
Income reduction:
- Leadership and management: 20-40%
- Driver and employees: 78-93%
✓ Costs for employee impacted by COVID-19:
2,000,000 USD
- 03 bus routes stop operating permanently - Many bus company request to stop operating because there are no passenger.
✓ Revenue reduction
- 42,5% reduction YOY
MAIN SOLUTIONS APPLIED
- Must wear mask properly always on the vehicle (permanent solution)
- Comply with body temperature checked before boarding
- Use the hand satinizer upon boarding
- Sit in the corresponding seat on the bus (1 chair distance
between passengers.
- If there’re some symptoms of COVID-19, must notify to
bus staff
- Must equip hand sanitizers onboard
- Open windows or maintain temperature
higher than 260C in operation
- Wash and sterilize vehicle at least once
per day at the end of trips.
1 chair distance between each passenger
It took 3-4 minutes additionally for each vehicle. It tooks 3-4 hours per day, from 9PM to 1 AM.
SOLUTION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTHA NOI CITY
SOLUTION APPLIED
- Not equipped 0
- Equipped 10
Equip with hand sanitizer and sanitizer on each vehicle
Service staff, vehicle operators wear masks and
gloves while working
- Someone did not 0
- 100% done 10
Density of people gathering on vehicles
- Number of people over 50% of carrying capacity /
vehicle or more 0
- Number of people with 50% capacity / vehicle or less 10
Passenger wearing a mask on vehicle
- Someone did not 0
- 100% done 10
- Not implemented 0
- There is disinfection of the vehicle but infrequently 5
- Disinfect the vehicle after the end of each trip 10
There are instructions to promptly notify passengers
with fever, cough, hard to breath
- Without notification 0
- Timely notification 10
Propagating people and passengers on a sense of
compliance in Covid-19 epidemic prevention and control
Characteristics Point
- There is no propaganda on the media 0
- There is propaganda on the media 10
Vehicle sterilize after each trip
- Not implemented 0
- 80% 5
- 100% 10
Proportion of staff and drivers of vehicles having their
temperature checked when getting on and off the vehicle:
- Close doors or use air conditioning below 26 ° C 0
- Partially open and use air conditioning above 26 ° C 5
- Open all doors, do not use air conditioning 10
Vehicle ventilation level; arrangement of a thermometer
in the vehicle:
>80%: Allow to operate 60-80%: Can operate but must upgrade criteria later
THANK YOUfor
YOUR ATTENTION!
Top Related