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Printed Electronics for the Automotive Industry
Dr Harry Zervos, Principal Analyst, IDTechEx
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IDTechEx Researchwww.idtechex.com/PEAuto
Printed and Flexible Electronics in Automotive Applications 2016-2026:Enabling technology toolkits, suppliers and market forecasts
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Different points of maturity, revenue, profitability and growth
Printed, Flexible & Organic Electronics Status
Source: IDTechEx report “Printed, Organic, Flexible Electronics 2015-2025” www.IDTechEx.com
OLED Displays
$15.3 billion
Sensors
$6.6 billion
Conductive Ink
$2.3 billion
not printed
printed
• Organic, but not printed• Progression to flexible displays• Little focus on simple, printed
OLED displays
• Glucose test strips are the majority of the market (20bn units)
• Rest is $83 million of different sensor types and applications
• PV is main market, followed by touch panel electrodes
• Overall growth 3.3% CAGR to 2020
Displays & Lighting
E-paper displays (front plane)
$400m
AC EL displays $80m
OLED Lighting $15m
Electochromicdisplays
<$2m
Logic & memory $8m
PowerPrinted/thin film batteries
$5m
OPV, DSSC <$1m
Printed:$8.8bn (going to $14.9bn in 2025)Use flexible substrates:$6.4bn (going to $23.5bn in 2025)
printed
2015 total: $24.5bn
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Technologies and components in automotive applications that benefit from the advent of printed/flexible electronics and already represent a market of a few hundred million dollars in 2016.
Some of the technologies described are mature markets and are not expected to dramatically increase their market share or revenues (e.g. windscreen defoggers) whereas others, such as structural or in-mould electronics, are expected to grow significantly in the next decade.
Finally, other technologies such as e-textiles for example, are expected to take a few more years of development before we see them rolled out into automotive applications.
Structural electronics and e-textiles are aiming to replace or complement existing manufacturing paradigms and would offer benefits such as cost reduction, lighter weight, flexibility, design freedom etc.
A significant opportunity, albeit not a clear market currently, exists in the space for printed sensors, when taking into account the concept of ‘the connected car”.
Printed and flexible electronics in automotive applications
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Printed and flexible electronics in automotive applicationsrevenues
de-foggers4%
IME consoles17%
seat heaters0%OLED lighting
6%
OLED displays 70%
Automotive FSR 0%
TIMs3%
MARKET SHARE FOR DIFFERENT PRINTED AND ORGANIC ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS IN 2026
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Where are conductive inks/pastes used in cars?
Silver and carbon inks with positive thermal coefficient are
used in seat heaters
Conductive inks have traditionally been used in read window/mirror
and backlight de-foggers (de-misters). They can also be used
on sun-roofs.
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Where are conductive inks/pastes used in cars?
Conductive inks are used in sensors such as airbag dispatchers. They can also be used in printing lighting
elements on the dashboard. Increasingly, specialized inks are being developed so that they can be injection moulded into
overhead consoles and other plastic parts in the car interiors to replace mechanical switches
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Companies supplying the interior of cars (e.g., see on the left) increasingly want to differentiate their products and innovate and incorporate new technologies in vehicles.
In-mould electronics enables embedding electronics into 3D-shaped plastic parts - that have traditionally been fdecorativeonly- during the injection moulding or thermoforming steps. Such processes reduce complexity, size and weight of parts, leading to more design freedom.
In-mould electronics offers a route for doing more in-house and thus keeping more of the value in-house. It also enables companies to offer more elegant solutions by replacing mechanical switches and control knobs with thin, smooth and functional surfaces.
Structural or in-mould electronics
Image sources: T-Ink, Tactotek
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Passive matrix OLED displays (PMOLED) are deployed today in car interiors in applications such as instrument clusters, car audio system displays but also in climate-control displays,
rear/front-seat status indicators etc.
3.5" white PMOLED display in the 2015 Kia Soul.
Where are OLED displays used in automotive applications?
Active matrix OLED displays (AMOLED) are also being developed with a variety of display
applications targeted, from central stacks and seatback displays to digital rear view mirrors
An AMOLED digital rear view mirror in the Audi R18 racing car.
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There are a huge variety of uses for thermal interface materials in the automotive industry, which include:
� Electric vehicle motor drives� Audio systems and infotainment systems� Automotive lighting� Braking and steering systems� Electronic control units (ECUs)� Thermoelectric generators
In the automotive industry, thermal greases are still predominantly used (dispensed with syringes, screen or stencil printed) as interface materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attracted attention as highly thermally conductive fillers for TIMs. The attraction is their extremely high intrinsic thermal conductivity, in the range of 3000–3500 W/m.K at room temperature. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are also now used in a wide variety of applications, but their reliability and suitability for automotive applications remains to be proven.
Where are TIMs used in the automotive industry?
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Where are printed/flexible photovoltaics envisaged in cars?
Flexible solar cells are ideal for coverage of 3D surfaces
Renogy 100W Monocrystalline Bendable Solar Panel
They are envisaged on vehicles coverings parts such as car roofs, while efforts have also been focused on developing
transparent photovoltaics that could use an expanded amount of space on a vehicle (.e.g. windows).
Ford C-Max Energi concept car: A collaboration with Sunpower Corporation on solar cells and Georgia Institute of Technology on the development of concentrators could allow for the equivalent of a 4-hour battery charge using
solar cells alone.
Traditionally, rigid crystalline solar cells have been utilized in concepts and demonstrators on
car roofs, allowing for power outputs of up to 200W. Companies like Belectric are working to
utilize technologies such as OPV and their benefits in versatility in form factor, semi-
transparency, etc. for a range of applications.
OPV powered solar trees at the German Pavillion in the 2015 Milan Expo
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Many tier 1 supplier are looking at haptics integration for interiors:
Automotive interest in haptics is peakingIn automotive, the current efforts to introduce haptics are based around improving the user interface, specifically by introducing tactile feedback on items such as touchscreen displays or consoles on buttons in the car. This makes these components easier and safer to use, and enhances the overall user experience.Another emerging application is the introduction of haptic feedback into the steering wheel, to provide additional notifications or alerts to the driver. This is the creation of a brand new interface, intended to make the driving experience easier and safer. This application has seen only minor trials so far, and will be adopted very slowly, if at all, in the long term.Though automotive applications of haptics have been investigated for over a decade, lead times for a new technology in the automotive industry are typically 8-10 years, meaning that adoption is significantly slower than other target industries such as consumer electronics. Despite the peaking interest in automotive applications, flexible or printed haptics technologies (piezo-polymer, electroactive polumer/EAP based technologies) developed by companies such as Novasentis have yet to be implemented in this sector and are not expected to take up any market share in the next decade
Prominent end users:
Acura ODMD (On-Demand Multi-Use Display)
Etc.
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The idea is to make the entire design process more efficient, replacing complex post processing with a single overmoulding process to attach a full, integrated and lightweight panel. Electronic functionality would be dispersed within the textile, rather than being represented by discrete, localized components that would require additional processing steps to attach. These images show the possibilities throughout the vehicle interior, including the headliner, door panel, interior trim and dashboard options.
Future directions
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E-textiles in vehicle interiors
Existing construction
Demonstration of the new technique in a Rolls Royce Phantom
Source: Place-IT project
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Discussion - Conclusions
The technologies described above and the markets they enable are some of the most important sectors where printed and flexible electronics will benefit the automotive industry in the next decade.
Overall the market for printed and flexible electronics is expected to reach $5.5 billion by 2026, primarily driven by the growth of structural/in-mould electronics and OLED display & lighting technologies.
Technologies such as force sensing resistors, de-foggers and heated seats will either grow at a very slow rate or remain stagnant due to competitive pressures and limited demand. Others, such as photovoltaics face challenges that will delay adoption despite current research and development works
Additional technologies are described below that will eventually impact the automotive sector but are currently not mature enough for adoption.
Discussion – conclusions
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Market forecast for printed/flexible electronics in automotive applications
Source: Printed and Flexible Electronics in Automotive Applications 2016-2026Enabling technology toolkits, suppliers and market forecasts
www.idtechex.com/PEAuto
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Dr Harry Zervos – [email protected]
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