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Identifying And Managing Dilemmas For Sustainable Development Of Rural India
Abhishek Yadav Graduate Research Assistant
The Systems Realization Laboratory @ OU The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
Ashok K. Das Founder CEO
SunMoksha Power Private Limited Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560078
Ram Babu Roy
Assistant Professor Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal, India 721302
Archana Chatterjee National Coordinator
Mangroves For the Future International Union for Conservation of Nature
New Delhi, India 110 016
Janet K. Allen
John and Mary Chair and Professor Industrial and Systems Engineering
The Systems Realization Laboratory @ OU The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
Farrokh Mistree LA Comp Chair and Professor
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering The Systems Realization Laboratory @ OU
The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
Paper: DETC2017-67592
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Motivation
• Three billion people (50% of world’s population) live in poverty earning less than $2.50/day. – 270 million of them are in rural parts of India.
• Huge disparity of wealth and access to resources is seen all over the world.
• Along with it, there is drastic depletion of natural resources, fresh water scarcity,
and loss of biodiversity. – This creates a blockade for the development of people.
• Multiple policies and interventions have been implemented internationally to
eradicate the poverty.
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
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The Story of Chhotkei Village, Odisha, India
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
Lights and electricity • Throughout the year, nights are dark • Only one street light functioning
– Acts as a hub for social life – A key component missing for the
villagers
Livelihood activities • Seasonal cultivation – once a year,
rainy season • Off-season, no agricultural activity,
despite running streams • Only few employment activities –
eco resort, poultry, and out-of-village labor
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The Story of Chhotkei Village, Odisha, India
Roles – People, Planet and Profit People – or citizens – are the center for development
– Range from basic lighting to running appliances and equipment
– Children and youth are the focus for basic education, skill development, and micro-entrepreneurship
Planet – live and let live Surrounded by forest and forest animals Must be protected from them, as well as, must protect the animals
Profit for the community Microenterprises to improve livelihood is a key goal of the people
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
(Water is farmer’s life, Electricity livelihood) – Mahishanand Sardar, Baharbari Village, Bihar
“पानी है तो �कसान है, �बजल� है तो रोजी है”
Our Goal: Empower farmers and villagers
Must move farmers up the value chain • Improve agriculture output, and produce value to increase income • Create Micro-Economic Zones (MEZ) to groom micro-entrepreneurs, increase income
– Reduce the pressure on agriculture and land, and lead to triple bottom-line impact – Reduce pressure on cities, as more and more people find opportunities in the village
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The Story of Chhotkei Village, Odisha, India Problem: Lack of electricity hinders the socio-economic development of the villagers. Opportunity: Supply of electricity from renewable energy sources at an affordable cost achievable through Smart Nanogrid solution with IoT and Cloud-based remote management of the grid. Impact: Affordable, sustainable, modular electricity solution resulting in increased economic development and quality of life.
Value Proposition Provide sustainable, affordable electricity to the villagers with an aim to improve their socio-economic status, yet without disturbing the animals in the reserve.
India’s First Smart-Grid Village
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
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Solution To Poverty: Empowering People You give a poor man a fish and you feed him for a day. You teach him to fish and give him an occupation that will feed him for a lifetime – Chinese proverb
Various value proposition that helped in empowering the poor • Grameen Bank (Started in 1983), Bangladesh
- Currently has 9 Million borrower, 97% of them are women - 200 000 families under poverty have empowered themselves
• Amul, a dairy cooperative from Gujrat, India – Jointly owned by 3 million small farmers – 80% profits are received directly by farmers9
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
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Value Proposition Needed For Empowering People
• Need for rural development to be initiated from within the communities
• Our task is to develop and provide value proposition (tools and resources) for community to improve their quality of living
• Value propositions must be sustainable to provide long term impact and support to the rural community.
• Question: What is the minimum cash flow needed to uplift the lives of villagers and get them to take care of the environment?
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
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Economy/ Monetary
Resources/ Profit
(Minimum Cash Flow)
Environment/ Resources/ Planet
Social/ Human resources/
People
Solutions Needed Anchored In Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development
Question What is the minimum cash flow needed to uplift the lives of villagers/people and get them to take care of the environment?
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
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Challenges In Developing Sustainable Value Proposition
• Value proposition must be developed for improving standard of living of the people – Social entrepreneurs working for the people are needed instead of
business entrepreneurs
• For sustainable solutions, all the three drivers must be taken into account. – For each driver the goals are opposite from other two drivers. – Conflicts between drivers (Dilemmas) arise for sustainable
development leading to a Zero-One solution – Social entrepreneur need to convert these zero-one solutions to
positive solutions
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Bearable, Equitable, And Viable Solutions • Most of the value proposition created concentrate on one or two out of the three
pillars of sustainability (i.e. Social , Economics, Environment). • Specially, value proposition developed are inclined towards economic (Profit) and
social(People) aspects but fail to take into account environment (Planet), which is very crucial for a long term development.
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
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Our Contribution
• In this paper, we present a method for identifying conflicts (Dilemmas) that have Zero-Sum solutions between the three drivers of sustainability
• We use the construct of Dilemma Triangle and Pillars of Sustainability together to identify and manage dilemmas associated with creating a sustainable eco-system.
• We use an example of a village in India to illustrate the method proposed.
• The dilemma triangle method can be used in multi-disciplinary fields and is a
tool that can be used by designers from different disciplines to collaborate with each other.
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
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Way Forward: A Systematic Methodology & Tool to Assess Impact
• Develop a framework to support system for Social Entrepreneur
IDETC 17 with
SunMoksha
Proposed Framework of Value Proposition development and Impact Evaluation Model (VPIEM)
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
Spring ‘17 at SRL
Summer ’17 and Fall ‘17
with TCS, Pune and
SunMoksha
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Way Forward: Smart Integration of IT and Operational Technology
Development and monitoring of NanoSolutions
Modelling Impact of NanoSolutions using Simulations
IoT+IT+Cloud
System Dynamics Model of Smart Village
IT Software TCS, Pune
Cyber-Physical-Social System Integration of IT and OT
OT/Data
Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation
Sensors
Local Server
Distribution & Control
WiFi and Mobile App
CLOUD
VSAT/Cloud
$ Metering/Billing
Demand Managmt
Remote Monitoring
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Acknowledgments
• The authors thank the students of ‘AME5303-Designing for Open Innovation,’ University of Oklahoma, Fall 2016, for compiling the data for the village.
• Farrokh Mistree thanks Dr. Asoke Deysarkar, for sponsoring a workshop at IIT Kharagpur in May 2016 that resulted in the collaboration between the authors based India and the US.
• Funding from the L.A. Comp Chair to support Abhishek Yadav and the travel expenses of Dr. Ashok Das.
• Dr. Vinay Kulkarni, Tata Consultancy Services, Pune, India for internship for Abhishek Yadav.
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BACKGROUND SLIDES
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Chhotkei – from darkness to luminance
Livelihood/MEZ
Access to Energy
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Increase in electricity usage over time Months from start of plant
Household loads added Livelihood loads added Irrigation Loads
0 1. 2 lights, fans, charger, 2. Some TVs/DVPs 3. 5pm-5am
2 Kirana shops None
3 1. Dish Antenna, TVs 2. 12noon-5am (for fan)
1. Fridge at kirana shop 2. Microwave oven for
lodge 3. Grinder/mixer for lodge
1. Water pumping at lodge, replace DG
6 More Dish Antenna, fans, TVs
1. Refrigerator at lodge 2. Hot plate at lodge 3. Photocopying
9 Even more Dish Antenna, fans, TVs
1. Evening tuition (3) 2. Photocopy and studio 3. Sewing machine 4. Small kirana shop moves
to larger shop 5. Eco Lodge constructing
new cottages
Started looking for funds for irrigation pumps and borewell
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