AP European History 2012-‐2013 Mr. Burrell Paths to Constitutionalism and Absolutism / New Directions in
Thought and Culture Objectives:
1. What social and economic factors limited absolute monarchs? 2. Describe the conflict between Parliament and the king over taxation and religion in early
Stuart England, the English Civil War, and the abolition of the monarchy. 3. Discuss the establishment of an absolutist monarchy in France under Louis XIV and the
religious policies he established. 4. Know the various countries and their histories from 1686-‐1740 to include: The Netherlands,
France, England, Sweden, The Ottoman Empire, Poland, Prussia, and Russia 5. Explain the creation of the British Prime Minister position 6. Discuss the beginning of the Romanov Dynasty 7. Understand the various astronomical theories of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and
Newton and the emergence of the new scientific worldview. 8. Explain the philosophies of Bacon, Descartes, Pascal, Hobbes, and Locke.
Calendar: Tue 9/25 Unit II Exam – Multiple Choice HW: Complete Current Event #3 Wed 9/26 Turn in Current Event #3
The Rise & Fall of the Netherlands (A look at the collapse of a country) HW: Read Kagan pg. 416-‐420
Study Hall Thu 9/27 The Stuart Monarchy
HW: Read Kagan pg. 420-‐424 (finish Oliver Cromwell section) Fri 9/28 Library Research (Must use two non-‐reference books, two internet sources)
Notecards will be due 10/12 – twenty total but you really should have more
HW: Continue work on notecards
Mon 10/1 No School – Furlough Week HW: Read Kagan pg. 425-‐428 Tue 10/2 No School – Furlough Week HW: Enjoy the night off Wed 10/3 No School – Furlough Week HW: Read Kagan pg. 428-‐429 (stop at Louis’ Early Wars section) Thu 10/4 No School – Furlough Week HW: Enjoy the night off
Fri 10/5 No School – Furlough Week HW: Read Kagan pg. 429-‐433 (stop at Louis’ Later Wars section) Mon 10/8 Discussion on how economic systems work (Gold standard, paper money, etc...) HW: Read Kagan pg. 433-‐438 Tue 10/9 Finish Stuart Monarchy HW: Complete Current Event #4 Wed 10/10 Turn in Current Event #4
The Rise of the Bourbon Monarchy HW: Read Kagan pg. 438-‐443
Study Hall Thu 10/11 Louis XIV & his wars HW: Finish Notecards (Round 1 = 20, Round 2 = 20) / Have both sets together Fri 10/12 Turn in Round II Notecards
The Ottoman Empire – Rise & Fall HW: Read Kagan pg. 443-‐447
Mon 10/15 A look at Eastern Europe HW: Read Kagan pg. 447-‐450 Tue 10/16 The Roots of Russian Monarchy – the Beginning of the Romanovs HW: Complete Current Event #5 Wed 10/17 The PSAT HW: Read Kagan pg. 452-‐459 Study Hall Thu 10/18 Turn in Current Event #5
Astronomy & the Scientific Revolution HW: Read Kagan pg. 459-‐466
Fri 10/19 A Look at Bacon, Descartes & Pascal HW: Read Kagan pg. 466-‐473
Mon 10/22 Hobbes versus Locke, a debate HW: Read Kagan pg. 475-‐478 We are skipping witchcraft for now, will come
back to it later. Tue 10/23 Can Science and Religion exist together? Complete Current Event #6 Wed 10/24 Turn in Current Event #6
Jeopardy Review Study Hall Thu 10/25 Unit III Exam
AP Unit III - Review Sheet Chapter 13 – European State Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Netherlands independence, stadholder, William III, republic, religious tolerance, States General, Calvinist Reform Church, Urban consolidation, Extensive trade, advanced financial system, Dutch East Indies company, Economic decline
James I, Mary Stuart of Queen of Scots, [A Trew Law of Free Monarchies], impositions, James versus the Puritans, Plymouth Colony in 1620, Duke of Buckingham, James considered Pro-‐Catholic, marriage of Charles to Spanish [infanta]
Charles I versus parliament, Petition of Right, Thomas Wentworth -‐ earl of Strafford, [thorough], War with Scotland, William Laud, Book of Common Prayer, Short Parliament
Long Parliament, Presbyterians, Independents, Militia Ordinance, Civil war from 1642-‐1646, Cavaliers, Oliver Cromwell, Roundheads, Puritan Republic 1649-‐1660, Lord Republic, military dictatorship of Cromwell, conquers Scotland & Ireland
Charles II, Clarendon Code, Treaty of Dover in 1670, Declaration of Indulgence in 1672, Test Act, Popish Plot
James II, Tories, his daughter Mary, William of Orange, Glorious Revolution 1688, Bill of Rights, Toleration Act of 1689, Act of Settlement in 1701, Queen Anne, King George I, Great Britain, Hanoverian Dynasty, Act of Settlement (1701), Queen Anne (1702-‐1714), Act of Union 1707
George I (r. 1714-‐1727), James Edward Stuart, [Whigs], [Tories], Robert Walpole, [originator of the cabinet system], ["Quieta non movere"]
Cardinal Richilieu, [Henry IV], [Louis XIII], [intendants], [corvee], [raison d’état], Cardinal Mazarin, Fronde, Louis XIV, ["one king, one law, one faith"], parlements, dauphin, Versailles, Sun King, [la Gloire], Bishop Bousset, Divine Right, “L’état, c’est moi”, Jean Baptiste Colbert, [mercantilism]
War of Devolution, Marie Thérese, Triple Alliance, Treaty of Aix-‐La-‐Chapelle, Treaty of Dover 1740, Peace of Nijmwegen, “Galican Liberties”, Jansenism, revocation of Nantes, Nine Years' War, League of Augsburg, Peace of Ryswick, War of Spanish Succession, Philip of Anjou – Philip V of Spain, Grand Alliance, Peace of Utrecht, Louis XV (r.1715-‐1774), John Law, Mississippi Company, Mississippi Bubble, parlements increased power, Cardinal Fleury
Poland, King John III Sobieski (r. 1674-‐1696), Sejm, liberum veto, "exploding the diet", nobility over monarchy
Habsburg Empire, 1649 [Treaty of Westphalia], consolidation of their power, problems with the Magyars in Hungary, Leopold I (r. 1657-‐1705), Charles VI (r. 1711-‐1740), Pragmatic Sanction, Maria Theresa
Prussia and the Hohenzollerns, the rise of Prussia, Frederick William (r. 1640-‐1688), the Great Elector, the threat of Sweden and Poland, Junkers, Frederick I (r. 1688-‐1713), “King of Prussia”, Frederick William I (r. 1713-‐1740), Prussian Army, Frederick II (r. 1740-‐1786), “Frederick the Great”
Russia, "Time of Troubles", Michael Romanov (r. 1613-‐1654), boyars, streltsy, Peter the Great (r. 1682-‐1725), tsar of Russia, imitator of the west, [Five goals of Peter], Charles XII, Great Northern War, St. Petersburg, colleges, Table of Ranks, Orthodox Church, Holy Synod
The Ottoman Empire, control of most of the Balkan peninsula, millets, dhimmis, overextension of the empire, Sharia, Ulama, failure in the economy, 1699 treaty with the Habsburgs (gave up Balkan control)
Chapter 14 – New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Nicolaus Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, Ptolemaic system, geocentric, epicycles, heliocentric, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, The New Astronomy, Galileo Galilei, Starry Messenger, Letters on Sunspots, Sir Isaac Newton, Principia Mathematica
Sir Francis Bacon, scholasticism, empirical evidence, The Advancement of Learning, Novum Organum, Atlantis, inductive reasoning, Rene Descartes, Discourse on Method, Meditations, deductive reasoning, cogito ergo sum, Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 1651, natural right, "a war of every against every man", John Locke, First Treatise of Government, Second Treatise of Government, “life, liberty and property”, political contract, limited government, Letter Concerning Toleration, Essay Concerning Human Understanding, [tabula rasa]
Universities, Royal Society of London, new scientific organizations, Queen Christina of Sweden, Margaret Cavendish, Maria Cunitz, Maria Winklemann, written works for women
Galileo vs the church, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, Pope Urban VIII, Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems, Galileo's trial, Blaise Pascal, Pensées, Pascal's view on religion, his wager with the skeptics, Francis Bacon's argument, Physico-theology, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in His Works of Creation
Baroque, Michelangelo Caravaggio, Louis LeNain, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Peter Paul Rubens, Versailles as example of Baroque
Unit III - Guiding Questions Please remember, some of these guided questions may refer to material that we have already learned. Don’t expect to be able to find all of the answers in a certain chapter. This is why they are called guided questions. Chapter 13: The Golden Age of the Netherlands
1. Why did the United Provinces decline as a major maritime power by the earl 18c? 2. How did the United Provinces gain their independence? 3. Why was William III not able to establish absolutism in the United Provinces? How did the Estates
General of Holland curtail his political and military ambitions? 4. Why did the Dutch Republic decline at the end of the 17c?
Chapter 13: Rise of the Parliamentary England
5. Why was James I so unpopular with his British subjects? What alienated him from Parliament? 6. How did Charles I continue his father's political and fiscal policies? Where did he go even further
than his father? 7. Why was the Petition of Rights a significant document in the constitutional evolution of England?
What was Charles I response to it? 8. How did Charles I anger most economic/political groups in England? What were their chief
complaints about his regime? 9. Why was the Scottish Rebellion, begun in 1639 a turning point for Charles I reign? 10. What parts of English society initially supported the Roundheads during the English Civil War?
The Cavaliers? Why? 11. What type of split occurred in the parliamentary forces by 1646? How did Oliver Cromwell
respond to this division? 12. How was the 1652 Act of Settlement serve England's hold on Ireland? 13. What were the results of the Puritan Revolution?
14. Why did the Parliament restore the monarchy under Charles II in 1660? 15. Over what issues did Parliament and Charles II collide? 16. Why was the change in power from James II to William and Mary called the" Glorious Revolution"
in British history? 17. Why was James II forced to flee England in 1688? What did he do that so angered the British
people? Chapter 13: The Age of Walpole
18. Identify the political interests in England represented by the Whigs and the Tories. 19. What were some of the characteristics of British political life at the end of the 18c England? 20. Identify the major political/constitutional principles highlighted in the English Bill of Rights. Why
was it considered a milestone in British history? 21. How was the Hanoverian dynasty established in England? 22. How 'democratic' was Britain under the Hanoverian Georges? 23. Why do some historians feel that modern British cabinet system had its origins her in the late 18c? 24. What was Parliament's view of its political and constitutional role within the British government
structure? Chapter 13: Rise of Absolute France
25. Summarize the views of the various political theorists of the 16c and 17c regarding absolutism. 26. How was divine-‐ right monarchy, recognized by these theorists, different from pure arbitrary
despotic power (arbitrary monarchy)? 27. How did Henry IV lay the groundwork for strong monarchial authority of France? 28. What was the basic erogenous premise of mercantilism? Identify key mercantilist principles. 29. Cardinal Richelieu' s two goals, as Louis XIII's chief minister, were to strengthen the power to
achieve these goals [detail his domestic policies-‐ you will detail his foreign policies in the next assignment]?
30. Why did the Fronde occur in France between 1648 and 1653? What were the immediate and long -‐term results of this uprising for the future of the French monarchy?
31. What were the three ways in which Louis XIV attempted to rule the provinces? 32. Why did Louis XIV build his palace complex at Versailles? What was life like there for the French
nobility? 33. How did Colbert's policies at Louis XVI's finance minister illustrate the objectives of mercantilism? 34. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Colbert's economic policies? 35. What were the limits of royal absolutism in France?
Chapter 13: Louis XIV's Rule
36. What were Louis XIV's foreign policy goals? What was Europe's response to his vision of France's role on the continent?
37. Identify the causes and results of the war of the Spanish Succession. 38. What were the provisions of the Treaties of Utrecht 39. Why did Louis XIV revoke the Edict of Nantes in 1658? What were the repercussions of such a
move? 40. What was Jansenism? How did Louis XIV deal with Jansenists in France? 41. When he died, in what shape did Louis XVI leave France in?
Chapter 13: Louis XV's Rule
42. How did Louis XV rule France? 43. What structural problems were evident in France at the end of Louis XV's reign?
Chapter 13: The Hapsburg Empire 44. What territories did the Hapsburg Empire control by the early 18c? 45. Why were the Pragmatic Sanctions ineffective? How did Maria Theresa survive the attacks on her
throne, which led to the War of Austrian Succession? 46. Give examples that illustrate the ways in which Maria Theresa governed the Austrian Empire like
any other absolute monarchy of the 18c. Chapter 13: Prussia and the Hohenzollerns
47. Who were the Junkers? What role did they play in Prussian society and in the government? 48. How did Fredrick III, the Great Elector, become Fredrick I, King of Prussia? 49. What political lessons in modem nation-‐state building were learned by the rulers of Prussia and
Austria, but not a country like Poland? 50. How was Prussia under Fredrick William I different from that of his Predecessors? 51. What were Frederick II's views of governing?
Chapter 13: Birth of the Romanovs
52. What did Peter the Great learn from the European countries he visited on his " Grand Tour" of Europe in the late 17c?
53. How did the Tsar's government treat the Russian peasants? 54. How did Peter the Great modernize his military? His government? Russian society? The Russian
Orthodox Church? 55. How did Peter the Great push to expand Russian territories? Why did he choose those directions? 56. What were the major achievements of Peter the Great's reign?
Chapter 14: The Scientific Revolution
57. Make a list of the major causes of the Scientific Revolution. Why did it occur when it did? 58. What was the cold Ptolemaic conception of the universe? 59. What was the Copernican view of the universe? How did it differ from Ptolemy's? Why was it so
controversial? 60. Identify the scientific theories of Brahe and Kepler 61. How did Kepler's views challenge the theological assumptions of the Catholic Church? 62. With the use of a telescope constructed by himself from an earlier Dutch model, what did Galileo
observe/ discover in the heavens? 63. How did Galileo undermine Aristotle's ideas about motion? 64. How did Sir Isaac Newton build upon the work of his predecessors? 65. Why do you think that many historians of science consider Sir Isaac Newton's Law of Gravitation
to be "the greatest of the human mind"? 66. Evaluate the validity of the following statement: The revolution accomplished from Copernicus to
Newton was the great spiritual adjustment that modern civilization had to make. Chapter 14: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science
67. Why were philosophers, astronomers, anatomists, and other scientific thinkers hesitant to dispute and displace the ideas of ancient thinkers?
68. What were Francis Bacon's views regarding the human pursuit of knowledge, the methods of science, and the purposes to which science should be applied?
69. What method of arriving at eternal truths did Rene Descartes take? What assumptions did he make as he began his intellectual journey?
70. What dualism was inherent in Descartes' conception of reality? 71. How did Descartes methodology differ from that of Bacon?
Chapter 14: New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge 72. How did governments begin to "tap science in the service of the state"? Why did they do this in the
17c? 73. How did the funding of government sponsored scientific societies reflect the consolidation and
centralization of political authority? 74. Why was it that most of the scientific thinkers came from Protestant countries? 75. What was the general spirit that was common to all ofthe personalities ofthe First Scientific
Revolution? 76. List the long-‐term repercussions of the First Scientific Revolution for the West and for the rest of
the world? Chapter 14: Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution
77. What position did Margaret Cavandish have in the world of the new science of the 17 c? Why was she typical of French and English women of the upper class at this time?
78. With the exception of a few individuals, why were women excluded from participation in the Scientific Revolution? Why is denying a group access to knowledge or the opportunity to make use of their abilities harmful to all members of society?
79. What contributions were made to the world of science by Maria Winklemann? 80. How did male physicians eventually destroy the profession of female midwifery by the early 18c.
Why did they do this? Chapter 14: The New Science and Religious Faith
81. Over which issues did science and religion clash during the First Scientific Revolution? 82. Why was Galileo condemned by the Inquisition in 1633? Why did he accept the verdict of the
Inquisition court? 83. What was the outcome of this condemnation for Galileo? For science in general? 84. Briefly discuss the ideas expressed by Blaise Pascal concerning the nature of God, the universe,
and scientific methods. Chapter 14: Baroque Art
85. What is the origin of the word "baroque"? 86. What was the goal of Baroque art? What were the characteristics of the baroque style? 87. How was the Baroque movement a reflection of the Counter-‐Reformation?
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