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AP  European  History  2012-­‐2013                    Mr.  Burrell      Paths  to  Constitutionalism  and  Absolutism  /  New  Directions  in  

Thought  and  Culture    Objectives:    

1. What  social  and  economic  factors  limited  absolute  monarchs?    2. Describe  the  conflict  between  Parliament  and  the  king  over  taxation  and  religion  in  early  

Stuart  England,  the  English  Civil  War,  and  the  abolition  of  the  monarchy.    3. Discuss  the  establishment  of  an  absolutist  monarchy  in  France  under  Louis  XIV  and  the  

religious  policies  he  established.    4. Know  the  various  countries  and  their  histories  from  1686-­‐1740  to  include:  The  Netherlands,  

France,  England,  Sweden,  The  Ottoman  Empire,  Poland,  Prussia,  and  Russia    5. Explain  the  creation  of  the  British  Prime  Minister  position    6. Discuss  the  beginning  of  the  Romanov  Dynasty    7. Understand  the  various  astronomical  theories  of  Copernicus,  Brahe,  Kepler,  Galileo,  and  

Newton  and  the  emergence  of  the  new  scientific  worldview.    8. Explain  the  philosophies  of  Bacon,  Descartes,  Pascal,  Hobbes,  and  Locke.    

 Calendar:      Tue  9/25   Unit  II  Exam  –  Multiple  Choice       HW:   Complete  Current  Event  #3    Wed  9/26   Turn  in  Current  Event  #3  

The  Rise  &  Fall  of  the  Netherlands  (A  look  at  the  collapse  of  a  country)  HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  416-­‐420  

    Study  Hall    Thu  9/27   The  Stuart  Monarchy  

HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  420-­‐424  (finish  Oliver  Cromwell  section)    Fri  9/28   Library  Research  (Must  use  two  non-­‐reference  books,  two  internet  sources)  

Notecards  will  be  due  10/12  –  twenty  total  but    you  really  should  have  more  

    HW:   Continue  work  on  notecards    

Mon  10/1   No  School  –  Furlough  Week       HW:     Read  Kagan  pg.  425-­‐428    Tue  10/2   No  School  –  Furlough  Week       HW:   Enjoy  the  night  off    Wed  10/3   No  School  –  Furlough  Week       HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  428-­‐429  (stop  at  Louis’  Early  Wars  section)    Thu  10/4   No  School  –  Furlough  Week       HW:   Enjoy  the  night  off    

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Fri  10/5   No  School  –  Furlough  Week       HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  429-­‐433  (stop  at  Louis’  Later  Wars  section)    Mon  10/8   Discussion  on  how  economic  systems  work  (Gold  standard,  paper  money,  etc...)       HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  433-­‐438    Tue  10/9   Finish  Stuart  Monarchy       HW:   Complete  Current  Event  #4    Wed  10/10   Turn  in  Current  Event  #4  

The  Rise  of  the  Bourbon  Monarchy  HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  438-­‐443  

    Study  Hall    Thu  10/11   Louis  XIV  &  his  wars       HW:     Finish  Notecards  (Round  1  =  20,  Round  2  =  20)  /  Have  both  sets  together        Fri  10/12   Turn  in  Round  II  Notecards  

The  Ottoman  Empire  –  Rise  &  Fall  HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  443-­‐447  

 Mon  10/15   A  look  at  Eastern  Europe       HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  447-­‐450    Tue  10/16   The  Roots  of  Russian  Monarchy  –  the  Beginning  of  the  Romanovs       HW:   Complete  Current  Event  #5    Wed  10/17   The  PSAT       HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  452-­‐459       Study  Hall    Thu  10/18   Turn  in  Current  Event  #5  

Astronomy  &  the  Scientific  Revolution  HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  459-­‐466    

Fri  10/19   A  Look  at  Bacon,  Descartes  &  Pascal  HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  466-­‐473    

 Mon  10/22   Hobbes  versus  Locke,  a  debate       HW:   Read  Kagan  pg.  475-­‐478  We  are  skipping  witchcraft  for  now,  will  come    

back  to  it  later.      Tue  10/23   Can  Science  and  Religion  exist  together?       Complete  Current  Event  #6    Wed  10/24   Turn  in  Current  Event  #6  

Jeopardy  Review       Study  Hall    Thu  10/25   Unit  III  Exam    

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AP  Unit  III  -­  Review  Sheet    Chapter  13  –  European  State  Consolidation  in  the  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth  Centuries    

Netherlands  independence,  stadholder,  William  III,  republic,  religious  tolerance,  States  General,  Calvinist  Reform  Church,  Urban  consolidation,  Extensive  trade,  advanced  financial  system,  Dutch  East  Indies  company,  Economic  decline    

James  I,  Mary  Stuart  of  Queen  of  Scots,  [A  Trew  Law  of  Free  Monarchies],  impositions,  James  versus  the  Puritans,  Plymouth  Colony  in  1620,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  James  considered  Pro-­‐Catholic,  marriage  of  Charles  to  Spanish  [infanta]    

Charles  I  versus  parliament,  Petition  of  Right,  Thomas  Wentworth  -­‐  earl  of  Strafford,  [thorough],  War  with  Scotland,  William  Laud,  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  Short  Parliament    

Long  Parliament,  Presbyterians,  Independents,  Militia  Ordinance,  Civil  war  from  1642-­‐1646,  Cavaliers,  Oliver  Cromwell,  Roundheads,  Puritan  Republic  1649-­‐1660,  Lord  Republic,  military  dictatorship  of  Cromwell,  conquers  Scotland  &  Ireland  

Charles  II,  Clarendon  Code,  Treaty  of  Dover  in  1670,  Declaration  of  Indulgence  in  1672,  Test  Act,  Popish  Plot    

James  II,  Tories,  his  daughter  Mary,  William  of  Orange,  Glorious  Revolution  1688,  Bill  of  Rights,  Toleration  Act  of  1689,  Act  of  Settlement  in  1701,  Queen  Anne,  King  George  I,  Great  Britain,  Hanoverian  Dynasty,  Act  of  Settlement  (1701),  Queen  Anne  (1702-­‐1714),  Act  of  Union  1707  

George  I  (r.  1714-­‐1727),  James  Edward  Stuart,  [Whigs],  [Tories],  Robert  Walpole,  [originator  of  the  cabinet  system],  ["Quieta  non  movere"]    

Cardinal  Richilieu,  [Henry  IV],  [Louis  XIII],  [intendants],  [corvee],  [raison  d’état],  Cardinal  Mazarin,  Fronde,  Louis  XIV,  ["one  king,  one  law,  one  faith"],  parlements,  dauphin,  Versailles,  Sun  King,  [la  Gloire],  Bishop  Bousset,  Divine  Right,  “L’état,  c’est  moi”,  Jean  Baptiste  Colbert,  [mercantilism]  

War  of  Devolution,  Marie  Thérese,  Triple  Alliance,  Treaty  of  Aix-­‐La-­‐Chapelle,  Treaty  of  Dover  1740,  Peace  of  Nijmwegen,  “Galican  Liberties”,  Jansenism,  revocation  of  Nantes,  Nine  Years'  War,  League  of  Augsburg,  Peace  of  Ryswick,  War  of  Spanish  Succession,  Philip  of  Anjou  –  Philip  V  of  Spain,  Grand  Alliance,  Peace  of  Utrecht,  Louis  XV  (r.1715-­‐1774),  John  Law,  Mississippi  Company,  Mississippi  Bubble,  parlements  increased  power,  Cardinal  Fleury  

Poland,  King  John  III  Sobieski  (r.  1674-­‐1696),  Sejm,  liberum  veto,  "exploding  the  diet",  nobility  over  monarchy    

Habsburg  Empire,  1649  [Treaty  of  Westphalia],  consolidation  of  their  power,  problems  with  the  Magyars  in  Hungary,  Leopold  I  (r.  1657-­‐1705),  Charles  VI  (r.  1711-­‐1740),  Pragmatic  Sanction,  Maria  Theresa    

Prussia  and  the  Hohenzollerns,  the  rise  of  Prussia,  Frederick  William  (r.  1640-­‐1688),  the  Great  Elector,  the  threat  of  Sweden  and  Poland,  Junkers,  Frederick  I  (r.  1688-­‐1713),  “King  of  Prussia”,  Frederick  William  I  (r.  1713-­‐1740),  Prussian  Army,  Frederick  II  (r.  1740-­‐1786),  “Frederick  the  Great”  

Russia,  "Time  of  Troubles",  Michael  Romanov  (r.  1613-­‐1654),  boyars,  streltsy,  Peter  the  Great  (r.  1682-­‐1725),  tsar  of  Russia,  imitator  of  the  west,  [Five  goals  of  Peter],  Charles  XII,  Great  Northern  War,  St.  Petersburg,  colleges,  Table  of  Ranks,  Orthodox  Church,  Holy  Synod  

The  Ottoman  Empire,  control  of  most  of  the  Balkan  peninsula,  millets,  dhimmis,  overextension  of  the  empire,  Sharia,  Ulama,  failure  in  the  economy,  1699  treaty  with  the  Habsburgs  (gave  up  Balkan  control)              

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 Chapter  14  –  New  Directions  in  Thought  and  Culture  in  the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  Centuries    

Nicolaus  Copernicus,  On  the  Revolutions  of  the  Heavenly  Spheres,  Ptolemaic  system,  geocentric,  epicycles,  heliocentric,  Tycho  Brahe,  Johannes  Kepler,  The  New  Astronomy,  Galileo  Galilei,  Starry  Messenger,  Letters  on  Sunspots,  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  Principia  Mathematica  

Sir  Francis  Bacon,  scholasticism,  empirical  evidence,  The  Advancement  of  Learning,  Novum    Organum,  Atlantis,  inductive  reasoning,  Rene  Descartes,  Discourse  on  Method,  Meditations,  deductive  reasoning,  cogito  ergo  sum,  Thomas  Hobbes,  Leviathan  1651,  natural  right,  "a  war  of  every  against  every  man",  John  Locke,  First  Treatise  of  Government,  Second  Treatise  of  Government,  “life,  liberty  and  property”,  political  contract,  limited  government,  Letter  Concerning  Toleration,  Essay  Concerning  Human  Understanding,  [tabula  rasa]    

Universities,  Royal  Society  of  London,  new  scientific  organizations,  Queen  Christina  of  Sweden,    Margaret  Cavendish,  Maria  Cunitz,  Maria  Winklemann,  written  works  for  women  

Galileo  vs  the  church,  Letter  to  the  Grand  Duchess  Christina,  Pope  Urban  VIII,  Dialogue  on  the  Two  Chief  World  Systems,  Galileo's  trial,  Blaise  Pascal,  Pensées,  Pascal's  view  on  religion,  his  wager  with  the  skeptics,  Francis  Bacon's  argument,  Physico-­theology,  John  Ray,  The  Wisdom  of  God  Manifested  in  His  Works  of  Creation  

Baroque,  Michelangelo  Caravaggio,  Louis  LeNain,  Gian  Lorenzo  Bernini,  Peter  Paul  Rubens,  Versailles  as  example  of  Baroque    

Unit  III  -­  Guiding  Questions    Please  remember,  some  of  these  guided  questions  may  refer  to  material  that  we  have  already  learned.  Don’t  expect  to  be  able  to  find  all  of  the  answers  in  a  certain  chapter.  This  is  why  they  are  called  guided  questions.      Chapter  13:  The  Golden  Age  of  the  Netherlands    

1. Why  did  the  United  Provinces  decline  as  a  major  maritime  power  by  the  earl  18c?    2. How  did  the  United  Provinces  gain  their  independence?    3. Why  was  William  III  not  able  to  establish  absolutism  in  the  United  Provinces?  How  did  the  Estates  

General  of  Holland  curtail  his  political  and  military  ambitions?    4. Why  did  the  Dutch  Republic  decline  at  the  end  of  the  17c?    

 Chapter  13:  Rise  of  the  Parliamentary  England    

5. Why  was  James  I  so  unpopular  with  his  British  subjects?  What  alienated  him  from  Parliament?    6. How  did  Charles  I  continue  his  father's  political  and  fiscal  policies?  Where  did  he  go  even  further  

than  his  father?    7. Why  was  the  Petition  of  Rights  a  significant  document  in  the  constitutional  evolution  of  England?  

What  was  Charles  I  response  to  it?    8. How  did  Charles  I  anger  most  economic/political  groups  in  England?  What  were  their  chief  

complaints  about  his  regime?    9. Why  was  the  Scottish  Rebellion,  begun  in  1639  a  turning  point  for  Charles  I  reign?    10. What  parts  of  English  society  initially  supported  the  Roundheads  during  the  English  Civil  War?  

The  Cavaliers?  Why?    11. What  type  of  split  occurred  in  the  parliamentary  forces  by  1646?  How  did  Oliver  Cromwell  

respond  to  this  division?    12. How  was  the  1652  Act  of  Settlement  serve  England's  hold  on  Ireland?    13. What  were  the  results  of  the  Puritan  Revolution?    

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14. Why  did  the  Parliament  restore  the  monarchy  under  Charles  II  in  1660?    15. Over  what  issues  did  Parliament  and  Charles  II  collide?    16. Why  was  the  change  in  power  from  James  II  to  William  and  Mary  called  the"  Glorious  Revolution"  

in  British  history?    17. Why  was  James  II  forced  to  flee  England  in  1688?  What  did  he  do  that  so  angered  the  British  

people?      Chapter  13:  The  Age  of  Walpole    

18. Identify  the  political  interests  in  England  represented  by  the  Whigs  and  the  Tories.    19. What  were  some  of  the  characteristics  of  British  political  life  at  the  end  of  the  18c  England?    20. Identify  the  major  political/constitutional  principles  highlighted  in  the  English  Bill  of  Rights.  Why  

was  it  considered  a  milestone  in  British  history?    21. How  was  the  Hanoverian  dynasty  established  in  England?    22. How  'democratic'  was  Britain  under  the  Hanoverian  Georges?    23. Why  do  some  historians  feel  that  modern  British  cabinet  system  had  its  origins  her  in  the  late  18c?    24. What  was  Parliament's  view  of  its  political  and  constitutional  role  within  the  British  government  

structure?      Chapter  13:  Rise  of  Absolute  France    

25. Summarize  the  views  of  the  various  political  theorists  of  the  16c  and  17c  regarding  absolutism.  26. How  was  divine-­‐  right  monarchy,  recognized  by  these  theorists,  different  from  pure  arbitrary  

despotic  power  (arbitrary  monarchy)?    27. How  did  Henry  IV  lay  the  groundwork  for  strong  monarchial  authority  of  France?    28. What  was  the  basic  erogenous  premise  of  mercantilism?  Identify  key  mercantilist  principles.    29. Cardinal  Richelieu'  s  two  goals,  as  Louis  XIII's  chief  minister,  were  to  strengthen  the  power  to  

achieve  these  goals  [detail  his  domestic  policies-­‐  you  will  detail  his  foreign  policies  in  the  next  assignment]?    

30. Why  did  the  Fronde  occur  in  France  between  1648  and  1653?  What  were  the  immediate  and  long  -­‐term  results  of  this  uprising  for  the  future  of  the  French  monarchy?    

31. What  were  the  three  ways  in  which  Louis  XIV  attempted  to  rule  the  provinces?    32. Why  did  Louis  XIV  build  his  palace  complex  at  Versailles?  What  was  life  like  there  for  the  French  

nobility?    33. How  did  Colbert's  policies  at  Louis  XVI's  finance  minister  illustrate  the  objectives  of  mercantilism?    34. What  were  the  strengths  and  weaknesses  of  Colbert's  economic  policies?    35. What  were  the  limits  of  royal  absolutism  in  France?    

 Chapter  13:  Louis  XIV's  Rule    

36. What  were  Louis  XIV's  foreign  policy  goals?  What  was  Europe's  response  to  his  vision  of  France's  role  on  the  continent?    

37. Identify  the  causes  and  results  of  the  war  of  the  Spanish  Succession.    38. What  were  the  provisions  of  the  Treaties  of  Utrecht    39. Why  did  Louis  XIV  revoke  the  Edict  of  Nantes  in  1658?  What  were  the  repercussions  of  such  a  

move?    40. What  was  Jansenism?  How  did  Louis  XIV  deal  with  Jansenists  in  France?    41. When  he  died,  in  what  shape  did  Louis  XVI  leave  France  in?    

 Chapter  13:  Louis  XV's  Rule    

42. How  did  Louis  XV  rule  France?    43. What  structural  problems  were  evident  in  France  at  the  end  of  Louis  XV's  reign?    

 

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Chapter  13:  The  Hapsburg  Empire    44. What  territories  did  the  Hapsburg  Empire  control  by  the  early  18c?    45. Why  were  the  Pragmatic  Sanctions  ineffective?  How  did  Maria  Theresa  survive  the  attacks  on  her  

throne,  which  led  to  the  War  of  Austrian  Succession?    46. Give  examples  that  illustrate  the  ways  in  which  Maria  Theresa  governed  the  Austrian  Empire  like  

any  other  absolute  monarchy  of  the  18c.      Chapter  13:  Prussia  and  the  Hohenzollerns    

47. Who  were  the  Junkers?  What  role  did  they  play  in  Prussian  society  and  in  the  government?    48. How  did  Fredrick  III,  the  Great  Elector,  become  Fredrick  I,  King  of  Prussia?    49. What  political  lessons  in  modem  nation-­‐state  building  were  learned  by  the  rulers  of  Prussia  and  

Austria,  but  not  a  country  like  Poland?    50. How  was  Prussia  under  Fredrick  William  I  different  from  that  of  his  Predecessors?    51. What  were  Frederick  II's  views  of  governing?    

 Chapter  13:  Birth  of  the  Romanovs    

52. What  did  Peter  the  Great  learn  from  the  European  countries  he  visited  on  his  "  Grand  Tour"  of  Europe  in  the  late  17c?    

53. How  did  the  Tsar's  government  treat  the  Russian  peasants?    54. How  did  Peter  the  Great  modernize  his  military?  His  government?  Russian  society?  The  Russian  

Orthodox  Church?    55. How  did  Peter  the  Great  push  to  expand  Russian  territories?  Why  did  he  choose  those  directions?    56. What  were  the  major  achievements  of  Peter  the  Great's  reign?    

 Chapter  14:  The  Scientific  Revolution    

57. Make  a  list  of  the  major  causes  of  the  Scientific  Revolution.  Why  did  it  occur  when  it  did?  58. What  was  the  cold  Ptolemaic  conception  of  the  universe?    59. What  was  the  Copernican  view  of  the  universe?  How  did  it  differ  from  Ptolemy's?  Why  was  it  so  

controversial?    60. Identify  the  scientific  theories  of  Brahe  and  Kepler    61. How  did  Kepler's  views  challenge  the  theological  assumptions  of  the  Catholic  Church?    62. With  the  use  of  a  telescope  constructed  by  himself  from  an  earlier  Dutch  model,  what  did  Galileo  

observe/  discover  in  the  heavens?    63. How  did  Galileo  undermine  Aristotle's  ideas  about  motion?    64. How  did  Sir  Isaac  Newton  build  upon  the  work  of  his  predecessors?    65. Why  do  you  think  that  many  historians  of  science  consider  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Law  of  Gravitation  

to  be  "the  greatest  of  the  human  mind"?    66. Evaluate  the  validity  of  the  following  statement:  The  revolution  accomplished  from  Copernicus  to  

Newton  was  the  great  spiritual  adjustment  that  modern  civilization  had  to  make.      Chapter  14:  Philosophy  Responds  to  Changing  Science    

67. Why  were  philosophers,  astronomers,  anatomists,  and  other  scientific  thinkers  hesitant  to  dispute  and  displace  the  ideas  of  ancient  thinkers?    

68. What  were  Francis  Bacon's  views  regarding  the  human  pursuit  of  knowledge,  the  methods  of  science,  and  the  purposes  to  which  science  should  be  applied?    

69. What  method  of  arriving  at  eternal  truths  did  Rene  Descartes  take?  What  assumptions  did  he  make  as  he  began  his  intellectual  journey?    

70. What  dualism  was  inherent  in  Descartes'  conception  of  reality?    71. How  did  Descartes  methodology  differ  from  that  of  Bacon?    

 

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Chapter  14:  New  Institutions  of  Expanding  Natural  Knowledge    72. How  did  governments  begin  to  "tap  science  in  the  service  of  the  state"?  Why  did  they  do  this  in  the  

17c?    73. How  did  the  funding  of  government  sponsored  scientific  societies  reflect  the  consolidation  and  

centralization  of  political  authority?    74. Why  was  it  that  most  of  the  scientific  thinkers  came  from  Protestant  countries?    75. What  was  the  general  spirit  that  was  common  to  all  ofthe  personalities  ofthe  First  Scientific  

Revolution?    76. List  the  long-­‐term  repercussions  of  the  First  Scientific  Revolution  for  the  West  and  for  the  rest  of  

the  world?      Chapter  14:  Women  in  the  World  of  the  Scientific  Revolution    

77. What  position  did  Margaret  Cavandish  have  in  the  world  of  the  new  science  of  the  17  c?  Why  was  she  typical  of  French  and  English  women  of  the  upper  class  at  this  time?    

78. With  the  exception  of  a  few  individuals,  why  were  women  excluded  from  participation  in  the  Scientific  Revolution?  Why  is  denying  a  group  access  to  knowledge  or  the  opportunity  to  make  use  of  their  abilities  harmful  to  all  members  of  society?    

79. What  contributions  were  made  to  the  world  of  science  by  Maria  Winklemann?    80. How  did  male  physicians  eventually  destroy  the  profession  of  female  midwifery  by  the  early  18c.  

Why  did  they  do  this?      Chapter  14:  The  New  Science  and  Religious  Faith    

81. Over  which  issues  did  science  and  religion  clash  during  the  First  Scientific  Revolution?    82. Why  was  Galileo  condemned  by  the  Inquisition  in  1633?  Why  did  he  accept  the  verdict  of  the  

Inquisition  court?    83. What  was  the  outcome  of  this  condemnation  for  Galileo?  For  science  in  general?    84. Briefly  discuss  the  ideas  expressed  by  Blaise  Pascal  concerning  the  nature  of  God,  the  universe,  

and  scientific  methods.      Chapter  14:  Baroque  Art    

85. What  is  the  origin  of  the  word  "baroque"?    86. What  was  the  goal  of  Baroque  art?  What  were  the  characteristics  of  the  baroque  style?    87. How  was  the  Baroque  movement  a  reflection  of  the  Counter-­‐Reformation?