HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLES
This document presented in table format contains information about the skeletal
muscles of the human body. Each muscle’s origin, insertion, innervation, blood
supply, and action are included. In order to aid with memorization and retention, it is
good practice to utilize an anatomy atlas to help visualize the muscles as you study.
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Table of Contents
Epicranial Musculature……………..3
Ocular Musculature…………………3
Muscles of Facial Expression……….4
Muscles of Mastication……………...5
Suboccipital Musculature…………...6
Splenius Musculature………………..6
Anterior Neck Musculature………...7
Anterolateral Neck Musculature…...8
Superficial Neck Musculature……....9
Superficial Back Musculature……....9
Transversospinal Musculature……10
Deep Back Musculature…………...10
Erector Spinae Musculature………11
Intercostal Musculature…………...12
Abdominal Musculature…………...12
Pectoral Musculature……………...13
Shoulder Girdle Musculature…………………….…..13
Anterior Brachial Musculature……………………...14
Posterior Brachial Musculature……………………..15
Antebrachial Flexor Musculature…………………...15
Antebrachial Extensor Musculature………………...16
Intrinsic Thenar Musculature of the Hand………….18
Intrinsic Hypothenar Musculature of the Hand….…18
Intrinsic Short Musculature of the Hand…………....19
Gluteal Musculature……………………………….….20
Anterior Thigh Musculature………………………....21
Adductor Thigh Musculature…………………….…..22
Posterior Thigh Musculature………………………...23
Anterior Leg Musculature…………………………....23
Lateral Leg Musculature……………………………..24
Posterior Leg Musculature……………...……………24
Foot Musculature……………………………………...25
Epicranial Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Occipitalis superior nuchal line galea aponeurotica posterior auricular branch
of the facial nerve (VII)
occipital a.
pulls the scalp posteriorly;
elevates the eyebrows
Frontalis galea aponeurotica skin of the eyebrow temporal branches of the
facial nerve (VII)
supraorbital and
supratrochlear aa.
elevates the eyebrows and
wrinkles the forehead
Ocular Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Levator palpebrae
superioris
apex of the orbit above
the optic canal
skin and fascia of upper
eyelid and the superior
tarsal plate
oculomotor nerve (III)
and sympathetics (to the
superior tarsal portion)
ophthalmic a. elevates the upper eyelid
Medial rectus common tendinous ring at
the apex of the orbit
sclera on the medial
surface of the eyeball
oculomotor nerve (III)
(inferior division)
ophthalmic a
adducts the corneal part of
the eyeball
Lateral rectus common tendinous ring at
the apex of the orbit
sclera on the lateral
surface of the eyeball
abducens nerve (VI)
ophthalmic a.
abducts the corneal part of
the eyeball
Superior rectus common tendinous ring at
the apex of the orbit
sclera on the superior
surface of the eyeball
oculomotor nerve (III),
superior division
ophthalmic a
elevates and adducts the
eyeball; rotates the
superior pole of the iris
medially
Inferior rectus common tendinous ring at
the apex of the orbit
sclera on the inferior
surface of the eyeball
oculomotor nerve (III),
inferior division
ophthalmic a.
depresses and adducts the
corneal part of the
eyeball; rotates the
superior pole of the iris
laterally
Superior oblique apex of the orbit above
the optic canal
sclera on the posterior
superior surface of the
eyeball
trochlear nerve (IV)
ophthalmic a.
depresses and abducts the
eyeball; rotates the
superior pole of the iris
medially
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Inferior oblique floor of the orbit lateral to
the lacrimal groove
sclera on the inferior
surface of the eyeball
oculomotor nerve (III),
inferior division
ophthalmic a.
elevates and abducts the
corneal part of the eye;
rotates the superior pole
of the iris laterally; when
the eye is adducted, this
muscle elevates the
cornea
Muscles of Facial Expression
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Orbicularis oculi orbital part: medial orbital
margin and the medial
palpebral ligament;
palpebral part: medial
palpebral ligament
orbital part: skin of the
lateral cheek; palpebral
part: lateral palpebral
raphe
temporal & zygomatic
branches of the facial
nerve (VII)
supraorbital a.,
supratrochlear a.,
infraorbital a., angular
branch of the facial a
closes the eyelids
Corrugator medial part of the
supercillary arch
skin of the medial half of
the eyebrow
temporal branch of the
facial nerve (VII)
Supratrochlear a
pulls eyebrows together
medially
Orbicularis oris skin and fascia of lips and
the area surrounding the
lips
skin and fascia of the lips buccal branch of the facial
nerve (VII)
superior and inferior
labial branches of the
facial a., mental a.,
infraorbital a.
purses the lips
Levator labii superioris
alaque nasi
frontal process of the
maxilla
upper lip
nasal cartilage
buccal branch of the facial
nerve (VII)
infraorbital a., superior
labial branch of the facial
a.
elevates the upper lip and
flares the nostril
Levator labii superioris inferior margin of the
orbit
skin of the upper lip buccal branch of the facial
nerve (VII)
infraorbital a., superior
labial branch of the facial
a.
elevates the upper lip
Zygomaticus minor lower surface of the
zygomatic bone
lateral part of the upper
lip
buccal branch of the facial
nerve (VII)
transverse facial a., facial
a.
elevates the upper lip
Zygomaticus major upper lateral surface of
the zygomatic bone
skin of the angle of the
mouth
zygomatic and buccal
branches of the facial
nerve (VII)
transverse facial a., facial
a
elevates and draws the
corner of the mouth
laterally
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Risorius fascia of the lateral cheek skin of the angle (corner)
of the mouth
buccal branches of the
facial nerve (VII)
transverse facial a., facial
a.
draws the corner of the
mouth laterally
Levator anguli oris canine fossa of the
maxilla
angle (corner) of the
mouth
buccal branch of the facial
nerve (VII)
infraorbital a., superior
labial branch of the facial
a.
elevates the angle of the
mouth
Buccinator pterygomandibular raphe,
mandible, and the maxilla
lateral to the molar teeth
angle of mouth and the
lateral portion of the
upper and lower lips
buccal branches of the
facial nerve (VII)
facial a.
pulls the corner of mouth
laterally; presses the
cheek against the teeth
Depressor anguli oris oblique line of the
mandible
angle of the mouth marginal mandibular &
buccal branches of the
facial nerve (VII)
inferior labial branch of
the facial a., mental a.
pulls the corner of the
mouth downward
Depressor labii
inferioris
anterior surface of the
mandible
skin of the lower lip marginal mandibular
branch of the facial nerve
(VII)
inferior labial branch of
the facial a., mental a.
depresses the lower lip
Muscles of Mastication
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Masseter zygomatic arch and
zygomatic bone
lateral surface of the
ramus and angle of the
mandible
nerve to the masseter,
from the mandibular
division of the trigeminal
nerve (V)
masseteric branch of the
maxillary a
elevates the mandible
Medial pterygoid medial surface of the
lateral pterygoid plate,
pyramidal process of the
palatine bone, tuberosity
of the maxilla
medial surface of the
ramus and angle of the
mandible
medial pterygoid branch
of the mandibular division
of the trigeminal nerve
(V)
pterygoid branch of the
maxillary a.
elevates and protracts the
mandible
Lateral pterygoid superior head: greater
wing of the sphenoid
bone; inferior head:
lateral surface of the
lateral pterygoid plate
superior head: capsule
and & articular disk of the
temporomandibular joint;
inferior head: neck of the
mandible
lateral pterygoid branch
of the mandibular division
of the trigeminal nerve
(V)
pterygoid branch of the
maxillary a.
protracts the mandible;
opens the mouth; active in
grinding actions of
chewing
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Temporalis temporal fossa and the
temporal fascia
coronoid process of the
mandible and the anterior
surface of the ramus of
the mandible
anterior and posterior
deep temporal nerves
from the mandibular
division of the trigeminal
nerve (V)
anterior and posterior
deep temporal aa.
elevates the mandible;
retracts the mandible
(posterior fibers)
Suboccipital Musculature Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Rectus Capitis Posterior
Minor
Tubercle of posterior arch
of atlas.
medial 1/3 of the superior
nuchal line and the skull
beneath.
Suboccipital n. Vertebral a. &
Occipital a.
Extension of skull.
Rectus Capitis Posterior
Major
Spinous process of axis. Lateral part of superior
nuchal line (occipital
bone)
Suboccipital n. Vertebral a. &
Occipital a.
Extension of skull.
Obliquus Capitis
Superior
Transverse process of
atlas.
Lateral part of superior
nuchal line.
Suboccipital n. Vertebral a. &
Occipital a.
Lateral rotation and
extension of head.
Obliquus Capitis
Inferior
Spine of axis. Transverse process of
atlas.
Suboccipital n. Vertebral a. &
Occipital a.
Lateral depression of atlas
(Bends head backwards to
same side)
Splenius Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Splenius Capitus Ligamentum nuchae
Spinous processes: C7-T3
-Mastoid process of
temporal bone
-Superior nuchal line.
Dorsal rami of lower
cervical spinal nerves.
Deep cervical a.
(comes off costal
costocervical trunk) &
Posterior intercostals
arteries.
Bilateral: extension of
head and neck.
Unilateral: lateral flexion
and rotation of head to
same side.
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Splenius Cervicis Spinous processes T3-T6 Transverse processes C1-
C3
Dorsal rami of lower
cervical spinal nerves
Deep cervical a.
(comes off costal
costocervical trunk) &
Posterior intercostals
arteries.
Bilateral: extension of
head and neck.
Unilateral: lateral flexion
and rotation of head to
same side.
Anterior Neck Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Sternohyoid posterior surfaces of both
the manubrium and
sternal end of the clavicle
lower border of the hyoid
bone, medial to the
omohyoid m. insertion
ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a. depresses/stabilizes the
hyoid bone
Omohyoid inferior belly: upper
border of the scapula
medial to the scapular
notch; superior belly:
intermediate tendon
inferior belly:
intermediate tendon;
superior belly: lower
border of the hyoid bone
lateral to the sternohyoid
insertion
ansa cervicalis transverse cervical a
depresses/stabilizes the
hyoid bone
Sternothyroid posterior surface of the
manubrium below the
origin of the sternohyoid
m.
oblique line of the thyroid
cartilage
ansa cervicalis
superior thyroid a
depresses/stabilizes the
hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid
oblique line of the thyroid
cartilage
lower border of the hyoid
bone
ansa cervicalis (via fibers
running with the
hypoglossal nerve that
leave XII distal to the
superior limb of ansa)
superior thyroid a.
elevates the larynx;
depresses/stabilizes the
hyoid bone
Stylohyoid posterior side of the
styloid process
splits around the
intermediate tendon of the
digastric m. to insert on
the body of the hyoid
bone
facial nerve (VII) ascending pharyngeal a. elevates and retracts the
hyoid bone
Digastric anterior belly: digastric
fossa of the mandible;
posterior belly: mastoid
notch of the temporal
bone
body of the hyoid via a
fibrous loop over an
intermediate tendon
anterior belly: mylohyoid
nerve, from the
mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve (V);
posterior belly: facial
nerve (VII)
anterior belly:
submental a.; posterior
belly: occipital a.
anterior belly: submental
a.; posterior belly:
occipital a.
elevates the hyoid bone;
depresses the mandible
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Mylohyoid mylohyoid line of
mandible
midline raphe and body of
the hyoid bone
mylohyoid nerve from the
inferior alveolar nerve, a
branch of the mandibular
division of the trigeminal
nerve (V)
mylohyoid branch of the
inferior alveolar a.
elevates the hyoid bone
and the tongue; depresses
the mandible
Geniohyoid mental spines of the
mandible
body of the hyoid bone ventral primary ramus of
spinal nerve C1 via fibers
carried by the hypoglossal
nerve
lingual a., submental a.
elevates the hyoid bone;
depresses the mandible
Anterolateral Neck Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Anterior scalene anterior tubercles of the
transverse processes of
vertebrae C3-C6
scalene tubercle of the
first rib
brachial plexus, C5-C7 ascending cervical a., a
branch of the
thyrocervical trunk
elevates the first rib;
flexes and laterally bends
the neck
Middle scalene posterior tubercles of the
transverse processes of
vertebrae C2-C7
upper surface of the first
rib behind the subclavian
artery
brachial plexus, C3-C8 ascending cervical a. elevates the first rib;
flexes and laterally bends
the neck
Posterior scalene posterior tubercles of the
transverse processes of
vertebrae C5-C7
lateral surface of the
second rib
brachial plexus, C7-C8 ascending cervical a. elevates the second rib;
flexes and laterally bends
the neck
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Superficial Neck Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Sternocleidomastoid sternal head: anterior
surface of the manubrium;
clavicular head: medial
1/3rd of the clavicle
mastoid process and
lateral 1/2 of the superior
nuchal line
spinal accessory nerve
(XI), with sensory supply
from C2 & C3 (for
proprioception)
sternocleidomastoid
branch of the occipital a.
draws the mastoid process
down toward the same
side which causes the chin
to turn up toward the
opposite side; acting
together, the muscles of
the two sides flex the
neck
Platysma fascia overlying the
pectoralis major and
deltoid muscles
inferior border of the
mandible and skin of
lower face
cervical branch of the
facial nerve (VII)
facial a. draws the corners of the
mouth down; it aids in
depression of the
mandible
Superficial Back Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Trapezius -Superior nuchal line
(ligamentum nuchae)
-external occipital
protuberance
-spinous processes C7 –
T12
Superior: later 1/3
clavicle, acromion
Middle: spine of scapula
Inferior: root of spine of
scapula
Cranial Nerve XI
(accessory nerve) and
branches of C3, C4
Transverse Cervical
Artery.
Superior: elevate, upward
rotation of scapula.
Middle: retract scapula
Inferior: depress, upward
rotation scapula.
Latissimus dorsi -spinous process of T7-
T12
-thoracolumbar
aponeurosis
-iliac crest
Intertubercular groove of
humerus
Thoracodorsal nerve Thoracodorsal artery Extends, adducts and
medially rotates humerus.
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Transversospinal Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Semispinalis
Thoracis
Cervicis
Capitis
T: transverse processes of
T6-T10
Cerv: transverse processes
of T1-T5
Cap: transverse processes
of C7-T6
T: spinous
Processes C6-T4.
Cerv: spinous
Processes C2-C5.
Cap: between
superior and inferior
nuchal line.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostals
and lumbar arteries.
Extension of head and
vertebral column, lateral
bending and contralateral
rotation.
Multifidus Sacrum, ilium, transverse
processes of all vertebrae.
Spinous process of
superior vertebrae,
inserting 2-4 vertebrae
above origin.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostals
and lumbar arteries.
Stabilization of vertebral
column, extension, lateral
bending, contralateral
rotation.
Rotatores
(Long, Short)
Transverse processes of
vertebrae in thoracic
region.
Lamina of adjacent
superior vertebrae directly
above origin (1-2 levels).
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostals
and lumbar arteries.
Stabilization of vertebral
column and assist with
local extension and
contralateral rotation.
Deep Back Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Interspinales Upper portion spinous
process of cervical,
thoracic, and lumbar
vertebrae.
Adjacent inferior surface
of superior spinous
process.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostals
and lumbar arteries.
Extension and
stabilization during
flexion of vertebral
column.
Intertransversari Upper border of
transverse processes of
cervical and lumbar
vertebrae.
Lower border of
transverse processes of
superior adjacent
vertebrae.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostals
and lumbar arteries.
Bilateral: stabilize
vertebral column.
Unilaterally: lateral
bending of trunk and
neck.
Levatores Costarum Transverse processes C7-
T12.
Posterior surface and
angle of rib below.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostals
and lumbar arteries.
Elevate ribs in inspiration
and assist in lateral
bending of vertebral
column.
Quadratus Lumborum Iliac crest & iliolumbar
ligament.
Transverse processes L1-
L4 and 12th
rib.
Ventral rami of T12-L4
spinal nerves.
subcostal arteries and
lumbar arteries.
Bilateral: extension of
trunk and also fixes 12th
rib.
Unilateral: lateral flexion.
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Erector Spinae Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Iliocostalis
Lumborum
Thoracis
Cervicis
L: common tendon.
T: angles of lower ribs 6-
12.
C: angles of ribs
3-6.
L: angles lower 6 ribs
T: angles upper 6 ribs &
transverse process C7
C: transverse processes
C4-C6
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostal and
lumbar arteries.
Bilateral: extension of
head and vertebral
column.
Unilaterally: lateral
flexion of neck and
vertebral column.
Longissimus
Thoracis
Cervicis
Capitis
T: common tendon,
transverse processes L1-
L5.
Cer: transverse process
T1-T12.
Cap: C4-C7 & TP of T1-
T5.
T: ribs 3-12.
Cer: transverse processes
C2-C6.
Cap: mastoid.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostal and
lumbar arteries.
Bilateral: extension of
head and vertebral
column.
Unilaterally: lateral
flexion of neck and
vertebral column.
Spinalis
Thoracis
Cervicis
Capitis
T: spinous processes
T11-L2.
Cer: ligamentum nuchae
& spinous process C7.
Cap: indistinct from
semispinalis capitis
(transverse processes C7-
T6).
T: spinous processes T1-
T4.
Cer: spinous process of
C2.
Cap: between superior
and inferior nuchal line.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostal and
lumbar arteries.
Bilateral: extension of
head and vertebral
column.
Unilaterally: lateral
flexion of neck and
vertebral column.
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Intercostal Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
External intercostal
muscles
Shaft of rib just lateral to
tubercle
Runs Obliquely, inferiorly
and anteriorly to the rib.
Intercostal nerves Intercostal a Keeps ribs from bulging
out
Internal intercostal
muscles
Costal groove to superior
rib
Superior margin of
inferior rib
Intercostal nerves Intercostal a Keeps ribs from bulging
out
Innermost intercostal Inferior border of ribs Superior border of ribs Intercostal nerves Intercostal a Probably elevate ribs
Transversus thoracis Xiphoid process and
inferior part of the body
2-6 costal cartilages Intercostal nerves Intercostal a Depreses 2-6 ribs
Abdominal Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Diaphragm Inner xiphoid process
Inner surface of the lower
6 ribs
Upper 2 or 3 Lumbar
vertebrae
Central tendon of the
diaphragm
Phrenic nerve Musculophrenic a
Post intercostal a
Superior phrenic a
Pericardiophrenic a
Pulls down to increase
volume of thoracic cage.
External Oblique External surface of Ribs
5-12
Linea alba, Pubic
tubercle, Ant. Iliac crest,
xiphoid process
- Inf. 6 intercoastal nerve
- Subcostal n.
- Iliohypogastric n
- Superior, deep and
inferior epigastric a.
- Flex and rotate trunk
- Compresses and
supports the abdominal
viscera
Internal Oblique Thoracolumbar fascia,
Iliac crest, inguinal
ligament.
Inferior border of 10-12
ribs, linea alba, pubis.
Ant rami of inferior 6
thoracic and first lumbar
nerves.
- Superior, deep and
inferior epigastric artery.
- Compresses and
supports the abdominal
viscera.
Rectus Abdominus Pubic symphysis and
pubic crest
Xiphoid process, 5-7th
costal cartilages.
Ant. Rami of inferior 6
thoracic nerves and
superior and inferior
intercostals nerves.
- Superior, deep and
inferior epigastric artery.
- Flexes trunk and
compresses abdominal
viscera.
Transverse abdominus Lower 6 costal cartilages,
thoracolumbar fascia,
iliac crest, inguinal
ligament.
Linea alba, xiphoid
process and pubic
symphysis.
Ant rami of inferior 6
thoracic and first lumbar
nerves.
Superior, deep and
inferior epigastric a.
Compresses and supports
abdominal viscera.
Pyramidalis Body of pubis Linea alba Subcostal n. Superior, deep and
inferior epigastric a.
Tenses linea alba
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of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
tio
n
Re
vie
w
an
d
Stu
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Gu
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oo
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the
ad
diti
on
Pectoral Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Pectoralis Major medial 1/2 of the clavicle,
manubrium & body of
sternum, costal cartilages
of ribs 2-6, sometimes
from the rectus sheath of
the upper abdominal wall
Lateral lip of
intertubercular groove of
humerus.
medial and lateral
pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
pectoral branch of the
thoracoacromial trunk
flexes and adducts the
arm, medially rotates the
arm
Pectoralis Minor ribs 3-5 coracoid process of the
scapula
medial pectoral nerve
(C8, T1)
pectoral branch of the
thoracoacromial trunk
draws the scapula
forward, medialward, and
downward
Subclavius 1st rib and it's cartilage inferior surface of the
clavicle
nerve to subclavius (C5) clavicular br. of the
thoracoacromial trunk
draws the clavicle (and
hence the shoulder) down
and forward
Shoulder Girdle Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Deltoid lateral one-third of the
clavicle, acromion, the
lower lip of the crest of
the spine of the scapula
deltoid tuberosity of the
humerus
axillary nerve (C5,6) from
the posterior cord of the
brachial plexus
posterior circumflex
humeral a.
abducts arm; anterior
fibers flex & medially
rotate the arm; posterior
fibers extend & laterally
rotate the arm
Supraspinatus supraspinatous fossa greater tubercle of the
humerus (highest facet)
suprascapular nerve
(C5,6) from the superior
trunk of the brachial
plexus
suprascapular a. abducts the arm (initiates
abduction)
Infraspinatus infraspinatous fossa greater tubercle of the
humerus (middle facet)
suprascapular nerve suprascapular a. laterally rotates the arm
Teres minor upper 2/3 of the lateral
border of the scapula
greater tubercle of the
humerus (lowest facet)
axillary nerve (C5,6) from
the posterior cord of the
brachial plexus
circumflex scapular a. laterally rotates the arm
Teres major dorsal surface of the
inferior angle of the
scapula
crest of the lesser tubercle
of the humerus
lower subscapular nerve
(C5,6) from the posterior
cord of the brachial
plexus
circumflex scapular a. adducts the arm, medially
rotates the arm, assists in
arm extension
13Th
an
k
yo
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for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
tio
n
Re
vie
w
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Stu
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Gu
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the
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on
Subscapularis medial two-thirds of the
costal surface of the
scapula (subscapular
fossa)
lesser tubercle of the
humerus
upper and lower
subscapular nerves (C5,6)
subscapular a medially rotates the arm;
assists extention of the
arm
Levator scapulae C1-C4 (transverse
processes)
Vertebral border of
scapula from superior
angle to root of spine.
Dorsal scapular n. and
branches of C3, C4.
Dorsal scapular a. -Elevation
-downward rotation of
scapula.
Rhomboid Minor C7-T1 (spinous process) Medial border (vertebral
border) of scapula, root of
spine of scapula.
Dorsal scapular n.
(C5)
Dorsal scapular a.
- retracts
- elevates and rotates
scapula inferiorly.
Rhomboid Major T2-T5 (spinous process) Medial border (vertebral
border) of scapula, from
root of spine to inferior
angle.
Dorsal scapular n. (C5) Dorsal scapular a. - retracts
- elevates and rotates
scapula inferiorly.
Serratus Anterior Lateral portions of ribs 1-
8
Anterior surface of medial
(vertebral) border of
scapula.
Long thoracic n. Lateral thoracic a. Draws scapula
forward(protraction)
Rotates scapula
superiorly, stabilizes
scapula against chest wall.
Anterior Brachial Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Coracobrachialis coracoid process of the
scapula
medial side of the
humerus at mid-shaft
musculocutaneous nerve
(C5,6)
brachial a. flexes and adducts the
arm
Biceps Brachii short head: tip of the
coracoid process of the
scapula; long head:
supraglenoid tubercle of
the scapula
tuberosity of the radius musculocutaneous nerve
(C5,6)
brachial a. flexes the forearm, flexes
arm (long head), supinates
Brachialis anterior surface of the
lower one-half of the
humerus and the
associated intermuscular
septum
coronoid process of the
ulna
musculocutaneous nerve
(C5,6)
brachial a., radial
recurrent a.
flexes the forearm
14Th
an
k
yo
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for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
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Re
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w
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on
Posterior Brachial Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Triceps brachii long head: infraglenoid
tubercle of the scapula;
lateral head: posterolateral
humerus & lateral
intermuscular septum;
medial head:
posteromedial surface of
the inferior 1/2 of the
humerus
olecranon process of the
ulna
radial nerve deep brachial (profunda
brachii) a.
extends the forearm; the
long head extends and
adducts arm
Anconeus lateral epicondyle of the
humerus
lateral side of the
olecranon and the upper
one-fourth of the ulna
nerve to anconeus, from
the radial nerve
interosseous recurrent a. extends the forearm
Antebrachial Flexor Musculature Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Pronator teres common flexor tendon
and (deep or ulnar head)
from medial side of
coronoid process of the
ulna
midpoint of the lateral
side of the shaft of the
radius
median nerve ulnar a., anterior ulnar
recurrent a.
pronates the forearm
Flexor carpi radialis common flexor tendon
from the medial
epicondyle of the
humerus
base of the second and
third metacarpals
median nerve ulnar a. flexes the wrist, abducts
the hand
Palmaris longus common flexor tendon,
from the medial
epicondyle of the
humerus
palmar aponeurosis median nerve ulnar a. flexes the wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris common flexor tendon &
(ulnar head) from medial
border of olecranon &
upper 2/3 of the posterior
border of the ulna
pisiform, hook of hamate,
and base of 5th
metacarpal
ulnar nerve ulnar a. flexes wrist, adducts hand
15Th
an
k
yo
u
for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
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Re
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on
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
humeroulnar head:
common flexor tendon;
radial head: middle 1/3 of
radius
shafts of the middle
phalanges of digits 2-5
median nerve ulnar a. flexes the
metacarpophalangeal and
proximal interphalangeal
joints
Flexor digitorum
profundus
posterior border of the
ulna, proximal two-thirds
of medial border of ulna,
interosseous membrane
posterior border of the
ulna, proximal two-thirds
of medial border of ulna,
interosseous membrane
median nerve (radial one-
half); ulnar nerve (ulnar
one-half)
ulnar a., anterior
interosseous a.
flexes the
metacarpophalangeal,
proximal interphalangeal
and distal interphalangeal
joints
Fexor pollicis longus anterior surface of radius
and interosseous
membrane
base of the distal phalanx
of the thumb
median nerve anterior interosseous a. flexes the
metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints of
the thumb
Pronator quadratus medial side of the anterior
surface of the distal one-
fourth of the ulna
anterior surface of the
distal one-fourth of the
radius
median nerve via the
anterior interosseous
nerve
anterior interosseous a. pronates the forearm
Antebrachial Extensor Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Brachioradialis upper two-thirds of the
lateral supracondylar
ridge of the humerus
lateral side of the base of
the styloid process of the
radius
radial nerve radial recurrent a. flexes the elbow, assists in
pronation & supination
Extensor carpi radialis
longus
lower one-third of the
lateral supracondylar
ridge of the humerus
dorsum of the second
metacarpal bone (base)
deep radial nerve radial a. extends the wrist; abducts
the hand
Extensor carpi radialis
brevis
lateral supracondylar
ridge of the humerus
(common extensor tendon
dorsum of the third
metacarpal bone (base)
radial nerve radial a. extends the wrist; abducts
the hand
Extensor digitorum common extensor tendon
(lateral epicondyle of the
humerus)
extensor expansion of
digits 2-5
deep radial nerve interosseous recurrent a.
and posterior interosseous
a.
extends the
metacarpophalangeal,
proximal interphalangeal
and distal interphalangeal
joints of the 2nd-5th digits;
extends wrist
Extensor digiti minimi common extensor tendon
(lateral epicondyle of the
humerus)
joins the extensor
digitorum tendon to the
5th digit and inserts into
the extensor expansion
deep radial nerve interosseous recurrent a. extends the
metacarpophalangeal,
proximal interphalangeal
and distal interphalangeal
joints of the 5th digit
16Th
an
k
yo
u
for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
tio
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Re
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on
Extensor carpi ulnaris common extensor tendon
& the middle one-half of
the posterior border of the
ulna
medial side of the base of
the 5th metacarpal
deep radial nerve ulnar a. extends the wrist; adducts
the hand
Supinator lateral epicondyle of the
humerus, supinator crest
& fossa of the ulna, radial
collateral ligament,
annular ligament
lateral side of proximal
one-third of the radius
(deep) radial nerve recurrent interosseous a. supinates the forearm
Abductor pollicis longus middle one-third of the
posterior surface of the
radius, interosseous
membrane, mid-portion
of posterolateral ulna
radial side of the base of
the first metacarpal
radial nerve, deep branch posterior interosseous a. abducts the thumb at
carpometacarpal joint
Extensor pollicis brevis interosseous membrane
and the posterior surface
of the distal radius
base of the proximal
phalanx of the thumb
deep radial nerve posterior interosseous a extends the thumb at the
metacarpophalangeal joint
Extensor pollicis longus interosseous membrane
and middle part of the
posterolateral surface of
the ulna
base of the distal phalanx
of the thumb
deep radial nerve posterior interosseous a extends the thumb at the
interphalangeal joint
Extensor indicis interosseous membrane
and the posterolateral
surface of the distal ulna
its tendon joins the
tendon of the extensor
digitorum to the second
digit; both tendons insert
into the extensor
expansion
deep radial nerve posterior interosseous a extends the index finger at
the metacarpophalangeal,
proximal interphalangeal
and distal interphalangeal
joints
17Th
an
k
yo
u
for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
tio
n
Re
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w
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Stu
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Gu
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diti
on
Intrinsic Thenar Musculature of the Hand Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Abductor pollicis brevis flexor retinaculum,
scaphoid, trapezium
base of the proximal
phalanx of the first digit
recurrent branch of
median nerve
superficial palmar br. of
the radial a.
abducts thumb
Flexor pollicis brevis flexor retinaculum,
trapezium
proximal phalanx of the
1st digit
recurrent branch of the
median nerve
superficial palmar br. of
the radial a.
flexes the
carpometacarpal and
metacarpophalangeal
joints of the thumb
Opponens pollicis flexor retinaculum,
trapezium
shaft of 1st metacarpal recurrent branch of
median nerve
superficial palmar branch
of the radial a.
opposes the thumb
Adductor pollicis oblique head: capitate and
base of the 2nd and 3rd
metacarpals; transverse
head: shaft of the 3rd
metacarpal
base of the proximal
phalanx of the thumb
ulnar nerve, deep branch deep palmar arterial arch adducts the thumb
Intrinsic Hypothenar Musculature of the Hand Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Abductor digiti minimi
(hand)
pisiform base of the proximal
phalanx of the 5th digit on
its ulnar side
deep branch of the ulnar
nerve
ulnar a. abducts the 5th digit
Flexor digiti minimi
brevis (hand)
hook of hamate & the
flexor retinaculum
proximal phalanx of the
5th digit
ulnar nerve, deep branch ulnar a. flexes the
carpometacarpal and
metacarpophalangeal
joints of the 5th digit
Opponens digiti minimi hook of hamate and flexor
retinaculum
shaft of 5th metacarpal ulnar nerve, deep branch ulnar a. opposes the 5th digit
Palmaris brevis fascia overlying the
hypothenar eminence
skin of the palm near the
ulnar border of the hand
superficial br. of the ulnar
n.
ulnar a. draws the skin of the
ulnar side of the hand
toward the center of the
palm
18Th
an
k
yo
u
for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
tio
n
Re
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w
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Stu
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the
ad
diti
on
Intrinsic Short Musculature of the Hand
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Lumbrical (hand) flexor digitorum
profundus tendons of
digits 2-5
extensor expansion on the
radial side of the proximal
phalanx of digits 2-5
median nerve (radial 2)
via palmar digital nerves
& ulnar nerve (ulnar 2)
via deep branch
superficial palmar arterial
arch
flex the
metacarpophalangeal
joints, extend the
proximal and distal
interphalangeal joints of
digits 2-5
Dorsal interosseous four muscles, each arising
from two adjacent
metacarpal shafts
base of the proximal
phalanx and the extensor
expansion on lateral side
of the 2nd digit, lateral &
medial sides of the 3rd
digit, and medial side of
the 4th digit
ulnar nerve, deep branch dorsal and palmar
metacarpal aa
flex the
metacarpophalangeal
joint, extend the proximal
and distal interphalangeal
joints of digits 2-4, abduct
digits 2-4 (abduction of
digits in the hand is
defined as movement
away from the midline of
the 3rd digit)
Palmar interosseous three muscles, arising
from the palmar surface
of the shafts of
metacarpals 2, 4, & 5
base of the proximal
phalanx and extensor
expansion of the medial
side of digit 2, and lateral
side of digits 4 & 5
ulnar nerve, deep branch palmar metacarpal aa. flexes the
metacarpophalangeal,
extends proximal and
distal interphalangeal
joints and adducts digits
2, 4, & 5 (adduction of the
digits of the hand is in
reference to the midline of
the 3rd digit)
19Th
an
k
yo
u
for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
tio
n
Re
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w
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Stu
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on
Gluteal Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Tensor Fascia Latae Lateral side of ASIS Iliotibial band (IT Band) Superior gluteal (L4 and
L5)
Lateral femoral
circumflex artery,
superior and inferior
gluteal
flexes the leg and thigh,
aids in abducting and
medial rotation of the
thigh
Gluteus Maximus sacrotuberous ligament
and behind posterior
gluteal line of iliac bone,
dorsal surface of sacrum
and coccyx
superficial: IT Band
Deep: gluteal tuberosity
on femur
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5,
S1, S2)
Superior and inferior
gluteal arteries
Lateral rotator and
extensor of the thigh
Gluteus Medius external surface of ilium
between anterior and
posterior gluteal lines
Flat facet on superior
lateral side of greater
trochanter of femur
Superior gluteal (L5 and
S1)
Superior gluteal arteries Ant: flexion, medial
rotation Middle:
abduction Posterior:
extension and lateral
rotation
Gluteus Minimus external surface of ilium
between anterior and
inferior gluteal lines
Facet on anterior side of
greater trochanter
Superior gluteal (L4 and
S1)
Superior gluteal arteries weak medial rotation and
abduction of hip
Piriformis
Anterior lateral surface of
sacral segments S2-4,
sacrotuberous ligament
Superior border of greater
trochanter of femur
Branches of ventral rami
of S1 and S2
Superior and inferior
gluteal arteries
Lateral rotator and
abductor of thigh
Obturator Internus
Internal surface of
obturator foramen
medial surface of greater
trochanter of femur
Nerve to obturator
internus (L5 and S1)
Inferior gluteal artery Laterally rotate abduct
and flex the thigh
Superior Gemellus Ischial spine tendon of obturator
internus muscle superiorly
Nerve to obturator
internus (L5 and S1)
Inferior gluteal artery Laterally rotate abduct
and flex the thigh
Inferior Gemellus Ischial tuberosity
(superior)
tendon of obturator
internus muscle inferiorly
Nerve to quadratus
femoris (L5 and S1)
Medial femoral
circumflex artery, inferior
gluteal artery
Laterally rotate abduct
and flex the thigh
Quadratus Femoris Ischial tuberosity (lateral
side)
quadrate tubercle on
intertrochanteric crest of
femur and area inferior to
it
Nerve to quadratus
femoris (L5 and S1)
Inferior gluteal artery,
medial femoral
circumflex artery
laterally rotate the thigh
20Th
an
k
yo
u
for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
tio
n
Re
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w
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Stu
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on
Anterior Thigh Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Iliacus Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa,
inner lip of the iliac crest,
ala of sacrum
tendon of psoas major,
lesser trochanter of femur
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
iliolumbar artery off
internal iliac artery,
lumbar artery
flexes the thigh
Psoas Major Anterior lateral surfaces
of T12-L5 vertebrae and
discs between them,
transverse processes of all
lumbar vertebrae
lesser trochanter of femur
via iliopsoas tendon
Ventral rami of lumbar
nerves (L1, L2, and L3)
iliolumbar artery off
internal iliac artery,
lumbar artery
flexes the thigh
Psoas Minor Anterior lateral surfaces
of T12-L5 vertebrae and
discs between them,
transverse processes of all
lumbar vertebrae
pectineal line,
iliopectineal eminence via
iliopectineal arch
Ventral rami of lumbar
nerves (L1 and L2)
Lumbar artery flexes the lumbar
vertebrae
Sartorius Anterior Surface of
anterior superior iliac
spine
Most anterior toe of the
pes anserinum (goose's
foot); superior part of
medial surface of tibia
Femoral Nerve (L2 and
L3)
Branches of the femoral
artery
Flexes, Abducts, and
externally rotates thigh
Rectus Femoris Reflected head: between
acetabulum & inferior
gluteal line Straight
Head: anterior inferior
iliac spine
Base of patella and by the
patellar ligament to tibial
tuberosity
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
Extends leg, flex thigh
Vastus Lateralis Lateral lip of linea aspera
and lateral gluteal
tuberosity via the
quadriceps tendon
Base of patella and by the
patellar ligament to tibial
tuberosity
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
Extends leg
Vastus Medialis Medial lip of linea aspera
and the most cranial
portion of spiral line
Base of patella and by the
patellar ligament to tibial
tuberosity
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
Vertical portion: Extends
leg Horizontal portion:
pulls on the patella
medially
Articularis Genu Anterior surface of 1/3 of
femur
synovial capsule of knee
joint
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
Tightens the synovial
capsule
21Th
an
k
yo
u
for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
tio
n
Re
vie
w
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Stu
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Gu
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the
ad
diti
on
Adductor Thigh Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Obturator Externus External surface of
obturator foramen
trochanteric fossa of
femur
posterior division of
obturator nerve (L3 and
L4)
obturator artery, medial
femoral circumflex artery
laterally rotates the thigh
Pectineus Iliopectineal line of pubis Pectineal line on femur Femoral Nerve (L2 and
L3)
Branches of the femoral
artery, medial femoral
circumflex artery,
obturator artery
adduct and flex thigh
Gracilis Body and inferior ramus
of pubis
Pes Anserinum (goose's
foot), superior part of
medial surface of tibia
anterior division of
obturator nerve (L2 and
L3)
Branches of the femoral
artery, medial femoral
circumflex artery,
obturator artery
adduct and flex thigh
Adductor Brevis Body and inferior ramus
of pubis
Upper 1/3 of medial lip of
linea aspera of femur
posterior division of
obturator nerve (L2, L3
and L4)
obturator artery, medial
femoral circumflex artery
adduct and flex thigh
Adductor Longus Body of pubis inferior to
the pubic crest
Medial 1/3 portion of the
medial lip of linea aspera
of femur
anterior division of
obturator nerve (L2, L3
and L4)
obturator artery, medial
femoral circumflex artery
adduct the thigh
Adductor Magnus transverse: inferior ramus
of the pubis Oblique:
ischial ramus of ischium
Hamstring: ischial
tuberosity
transverse: medial to
gluteal tuberosiy, linea
aspera Oblique: lateral lip
of linea aspera and lateral
supracondylar ridge of
femur Hamstring:
adductor tubercle of
femur
adductor part: posterior
division of obturator
nerve (L2, L3, and L4)
Hamstring part: tibial part
of sciatic nerve (L4)
4 perforating branches of
profunda femoral artery,
obturator artery, medial
femoral circumflex artery
Adduct and flex thigh
22Th
an
k
yo
u
for
yo
ur
rec
ent
pur
ch
ase
of
the
NS
CA
CS
CS
Ex
am
ina
tio
n
Re
vie
w
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Stu
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Gu
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the
ad
diti
on
Posterior Thigh Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Semi- Membranosis ischial tuberosity medial condyle of the
tibia
tibial division of sciatic
nerve (L5, S1, and S2)
perforating branches of
profunda femoral artery
flexes and medially
rotatoes the knee and
extends the thigh
Semi-Tendinosis ischial tuberosity, inferior
to biceps femoris muscle
Pes Anserinum (goose's
foot) most inferior of
three tendons, superior
part of medial surface of
tibia
tibial division of sciatic
nerve (L5, S1, and S2)
perforating branches of
profunda femoral artery
flexes and medially
rotatoes the knee and
extends the thigh
Biceps femoris hamstring head: ischial
tuberosity Short head:
lateral lip of linea aspera
and lateral supracondylar
ridge of femur
lateral side of head of
fibula
hamstring head: tibial
division of sciatic nerve
(L5, S1, and S2) Short
head:common peroneal
division of sciatic nerve
(L5, S1, and S2)
perforating branches of
profunda femoral artery
extends the thigh, flex and
laterally rotates the knee
Anterior Leg Musculature Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Tibialis Anterior lateral condyle and
superior half of lateral
surface of tibia and
interosseous membrane
medial and inferior
surfaces of medial
cuneiform and base of 1st
metatarsal
deep peroneal nerve (L4
and L5)
anterior tibial artery dorsiflexion and inversion
of the foot
Extensor Hallucis
Longus
middle part of anterior
surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane
dorsal aspect of base of
distal phalanx of great toe
by way of extensor sheath
deep peroneal nerve (L5
and S1)
anterior tibial artery extend great toe and
dorsiflex foot
Extensor Digitorum
Longus
lateral condyle of tibia
and superior three fourths
of medial surface of the
fibula and interosseous
membrane
extensor expansion sheath
of dorsal side of toes 2-5
deep peroneal nerve (L5
and S1)
anterior tibial artery extends lateral 4 toes and
dorsiflexes the foot
Peroneus Tertius inferior third of anterior
surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane
most medial facet on
dorsum of the base of 5th
metatarsal
deep peroneal nerve (L5
and S1)
anterior tibial artery dorsiflexes the foot and
aids in eversion of the
foot
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Lateral Leg Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Peroneus Longus head and superior 2/3 of
lateral surface of the
fibula
lateral side of the base of
the 1st metatarsal and
medial cuneiform
superficial peroneal nerve
(L5, S1, and S2)
peroneal branches of
posterior tibial artery
plantarflex and evert the
foot
Peroneus Brevis inferior 2/3 of lateral
surface of fibula
dorsal surface of
tuberosity on lateral side
of the base of 5th
metatarsal
superficial peroneal nerve
(L5, S1, and S2)
peroneal branches of
posterior tibial artery
plantarflex and evert the
foot
Posterior Leg Musculature Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Gastrocnemius
Lateral Head: lateral
aspect of lateral condyle
and lateral supracondylar
ridge of femur Medial
Head: popliteal surface of
femur superior to medial
condyle
posterior surface of
calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon
tibial nerve (S1 and S2) posterior tibial artery plantarflexes foot, raises
heel during walking,
flexes knee joint
Soleus
superior fourth of
posterior surface of tibia,
posterior aspect of head &
neck of fibula,
interosseous membrane of
inferior margin of soleal
line of tibia
posterior surface of
calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon
tibial nerve (S1 and S2) posterior tibial artery plantarflexes foot,
steadies leg on foot
Plantaris inferior end of lateral
supracondylar ridge and
oblique popliteal ligament
posterior surface of
calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon
tibial nerve (S1 and S2) posterior tibial artery assists gastrocnemius in
plantarflexing the foot
and flexing the knee joint
Popliteus lateral surface of lateral
condyle of femur and
lateral meniscus
posterior surface of tibia,
superior to soleal line
tibial nerve (L4, L5,and
S1)
posterior tibial artery,
popliteal artery
flexes knee, unlocks
locked knee by rotating
tibia medially on femur,
or laterally on tibia
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Flexor Hallucis Longus inferior 2/3 of posterior
surface of fibula and
inferior part of
interosseous membrane
base of distal phalanx of
great toe (hallux)
tibial nerve (S2 and S3) peroneal artery flexes great toe and
plantarflexes foot
Flexor Digitorum
Longus
medial part of posterior
surface of tibia inferior to
soleal line
bases of distal phalanges
of lateral four digits
tibial nerve (S2 and S3) posterior tibial artery flexes lateral four toes
Tibialis Posterior Interosseous membrane,
posteior surface of fibula,
posterior surface of tibia
inferior to soleal line
tuberosity of navicular
bone, cuneiform, cuboid,
and bases of 2-4th
metatarsals
tibial nerve (L4 and L5) posterior tibial artery,
peroneal artery
plantarflexes foot, inverts
foot
Foot Musculature
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Abductor Hallucis medial tubercle of
tuberosity of calcaneus,
flexor retinaculum,
plantar aponeurosis
medial side of base of
proximal phalanx on
hallux
medial plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
medial plantar artery abducts and flexes the
great toe
Flexor Digitorum Brevis medial tubercle of
tuberosity of calcaneus,
flexor retinaculum,
intermuscular septa
both sides of middle
phalanges and lateral four
digits
medial plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
medial plantar artery flexes the lateral 4 toes
Abductor Digiti Minimi medial and lateral
tubercle of calcaneus,
plantar aponeurosis,
intermuscular septa
lateral side of base of
proximal phalanx of 5th
digit
lateral plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
lateral plantar artery abducts and flexes small
toe
Quadratus Plantae medial surface and lateral
margin of plantar surface
of calcaneus
posterior margin of
tendon of flexor
digitorum longus
lateral plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
lateral plantar artery assists flexor digitorum
longus in flexing the
lateral 4 toes
Lumbricals tendons of flexor
digitorum longus
medial aspect of
expansion over lateral
four digits
medial one: medial
plantar nerve (S2 and S3)
lateral three: lateral
plantar nerve (S2 and S3)
medial and lateral plantar
arteries
flex proximal phalanges
and extend middle and
distal phalanges of lateral
4 toes
Flexor Hallucis Brevis plantar surfaces of cuboid
and lateral cuneiforms
both sides of base of
proximal phalanx of 1st
digit
medial plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
medial plantar artery flexes great toe
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Adductor Hallucis Oblique head: bases of
metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head: plantar
ligaments of
metatarsophalangeal
joints
tendons of both heads
attach to lateral side of
base of proximal phalanx
of 1st digit
deep branch of lateral
plantar nerve (S2 and S3)
lateral plantar artery adducts and flexes great
toe
Flexor Digiti Minimi
Brevis
base of 5th metatarsal
bone
base of proximal phalanx
of 5th digit
superficial branch of
lateral plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
lateral plantar artery flexes small toe
Plantar Interossei (3
muscles)
bases and medial sides of
metatarsals 3-5
medial sides of bases of
proximal phalanges of 3-5
digits
lateral plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
lateral plantar artery adducts and flexes
metatarsophalangeal joints
Dorsal Interossei (4
muscles)
adjacent sides of
metatarsals of 1-5
first: medial side of
proximal phalanx of 2nd
digit second to fourth:
latreal sides of 2nd to 4th
digits
lateral plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
lateral plantar artery abducts toes, flexes
metatarsophalangeal joints
Extensor Digitorum
Brevis
Dorsal surface of neck of
calcaneus bone
toes 2-5 via extensor
expansion sheath, base of
proximal phalanx of
tendons of extensor
digitorum longus
deep peroneal nerve dorsalis pedis artery aids in extending toes 2-5
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Dorsal surface of neck of
calcaneus bone
Base of proximal phalanx
of hallux
Deep peroneal nerve dorsalis pedis artery aids in extending hallux
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Included Content
CSCS Exam Content Outline
Bulleted Summaries of all
Chapters of Essentials of
Strength Training and
Conditioning
Review of Select Resistance
Training Exercises
Tips for Answering Multiple
Choice Questions
Practice Questions and
Answers
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