Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Human-Computer Interaction
data visualization
www.visualisingdata.com
Dr. Sabin Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
“Above all else show the data.”
Edward R. Tufte
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
reality
Data is no longer scarce
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
www.worldometers.info
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data characteristics: variety, volume, velocityadapted from blog.sqlauthority.com
data variety
data velocity
data volume
real-time (stream)
interval (continuous)
batch (atomic)
sparse(discrete)
unstructured
RDBMSsemi-struc-turedXML
multi-media
JSONCSV
bi-nary
KB
MBGBTBEB
PBZB
YB
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
reality
Volume lots of data (“tonnabytes” – Kirk Borne, 2012)
Variety complexity, features, data types & formats
Velocity high rate of data processed in real-time
Veracity data is accurate, precise and trusted?
Validitydata quality + governance, master data management on massive, distributed, heterogeneous collections
Variability dynamic, evolving, non-static data(-sources)
Value business value + ROI (Return of Investment)
Vocabulary structure, models, schema, semantics,…
Venuedistributed, heterogeneous data from multiple platforms & systems + context-based meta-data
Vagueness confusion over the meaning of found data
Vault concerns about data security (e.g., privacy)
Volatility unpredictability of data availability
adapted from D. Laney (2001), K. Borne (2014), T. Shafer (2017)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
needs
To integrate, simplify, and capitalize on existing information systems and
the massive amounts of data they hold
www.softviscollection.org/intro/a-thousand-words/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
DIKW (DataInformationKnowledgeWisdom)after S. Carpenter, 2008 & J. Liebowitz, 2012
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
What information visualization means?
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
A class of techniques for augmenting cognition
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
A class of techniques for augmenting cognition
“the use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of abstract data
in order to amplify cognition”
Card, Mackinlay & Shneiderman, 1999
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
A process of mapping information to visuals
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
A process of mapping information to visuals
“data visualization is expert storytelling” (Murray, 2013)
crafting rules that interpret data and express its values as visual properties
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
informa-tion
design
data per-ceptuali-
zation
data visuali-zation
scientific visuali-zation
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Minimal criteria that any visualization has to fulfill to be considered a pragmatic visualization:
based on (non-visual) data
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Minimal criteria that any visualization has to fulfill to be considered a pragmatic visualization:
based on (non-visual) data
produce an image
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Minimal criteria that any visualization has to fulfill to be considered a pragmatic visualization:
based on (non-visual) data
produce an image
the result must be readable and recognizable
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):reducing the search for information
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):enhancing the pattern detection
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):
encoding information in an interactive medium
informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/worlds-biggest-data-breaches-hacks/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Benefits: observing the data/knowledge evolution
1 ian. 2013(CSS: 35 KB, JS: 207 KB)
15 dec. 2015(CSS: 76 KB, JS: 363 KB)
httparchive.org/compare.php
1 oct. 2016(CSS: 76 KB, JS: 410 KB)
15 dec. 2017(CSS: 98 KB, JS: 504 KB)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Benefits:
enabling inferences(contexts: artificial
intelligence, semantic Web)
decision making + predictions
(context: machine learning)www.r2d3.us/visual-intro-to-machine-learning-part-1/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):allowing exploration of a space of parameter values
and enhancing user operations(from data to information and knowledge)
get
.car
rots
earc
h.c
om
/fo
amtr
ee/la
test
/dem
os/
ft50
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l
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualizationOther benefits (Chibana, 2015):
revealing trends
www.populationpyramid.net
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualizationOther benefits (Chibana, 2015):
placing data/information into a specific context
Universcale (Nikon): www.nikon.com/about/sp/universcale/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualizationOther benefits (Chibana, 2015):
providing perspectives regarding a topic/domain
V. Markovtsev, Daily commit activity on GitHub (2017): blog.sourced.tech/post/activity_hours/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Other benefits (Chibana, 2015):
stimulating the user imagination (“what if…?”)
Anon (2018) – director: Andrew Niccol: www.imdb.com/title/tt5397194/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Origins:
maps
used from ancient times to convey, in an abstract way, known geographic areas + to provide orientation
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Origins:
maps
used from ancient times to convey, in an abstract way, known geographic areas + to provide orientation
later on, give insights for creating strategies in case of hostilities
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Imago Mundi – Babilon (V Century, B.C.)www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/cartography.htm
images provided by Wikimedia Commons
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
actual map of the world (Wilke, 2019)different projections: Cartesian, interrupted Goode homolosine,
Robinson, Winkel tripel
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Origins:
diagrams
see Euclid works on geometry
used in science (e.g., by Newton) to record observations, to induct relationships,
to explicate methodology of experiments,to classify and conceptualize phenomena
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Newton’s optics illustration – reported by Robin (1992)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Origins:
abstract diagrams
employs non-physical information
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
an early example: merchandise imports/exportsW. Playfair, The Commercial and Political Atlas (1786)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Origins:
visual design + data graphics
design principles of information visualization (infovis)
Edward Tufte (1983, 1990, 1997)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Origins:
statistics
exploratory (multidimensional) data analysis
Tukey (1977), Cleveland & McGill (1988)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Origins:
scientific visualization
analytical software instruments for scientific analysis of large datasets
McCormick & DeFanti (1987)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Origins:
computer graphics + artificial intelligence
automatic design of visual presentations of data
Mackinlay (1986), Roth & Mattis (1990), Casner (1991)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Origins:
human-computer interaction
new user interfaces & interactions, including animations
Robertson, Card & Mackinlay (1989), Shneiderman (1992)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Data visualization vs. infographics
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Data visualization vs. infographics
visualization is – automatically – created that can be applied to many datasets
infographics are made – manually –for a particular dataset, concerning a specific purpose
eagereyes.org/blog/2010/the-difference-between-infographics-and-visualization
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
“The nature of the visualization depends on which relationship is dominant.”
N. Iliinsky & J. Steele, Designing Data Visualizations, O’Reilly, 2011
Data
User
De-sig-ner
informative
visual art
persuasive
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization
Data
User
De-sig-ner
informative
visual art
persuasive
see also www.slideshare.net/busaco/generative-art-a-gentle-introduction
data/info viz. infographics
generative artcreative coding
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
data visualization design
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visualization
the mapping of data to visual formthat supports human interaction in a workplace
for visual sense making
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Algorithm Visualizer – algo-visualizer.jasonpark.me
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
task✓ questions✓ goals✓ assumptions
data✓ physical data type✓ conceptual data type
domain✓ meta-data✓ semantics✓ conventions
image✓ visual channel✓ graphical
representations
processingalgorithms
mappingvisual encoding
data visualization overviewadapted from Jeffrey Heer, Data Visualization (2020)
courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse442/20wi/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Stuart Card, “Information Visualization”, Human-Computer Interaction Handbook (2nd Edition), Taylor & Francis, 2008
raw data
datatables
visualstructs.
views ☺data
transformationsvisual
mappingsview
transformations
Data Visual Form
Human Interaction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Raw Dataunfiltered/unprocessed input data
Data Tables
suitable date structures: relations + meta-data
Visual Structuresconvenient graphical elements
Views
(interactive) visualizations perceived by user(s)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Raw Data – data(sets) to be visualized, available in different – binary/textual – formats
raw data
datatables
visualstructs.
views ☺data
transformationsvisual
mappingsview
transformations
Data Visual Form
Human Interaction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Data Transformationsprovides document vectors
(normalized vectors in a N-dimensional space)
could imply different filtering operations
raw data
datatables
visualstructs.
views ☺data
transformationsvisual
mappingsview
transformations
Data Visual Form
Human Interaction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Data Tables – suitable data structures: relations (depending on considered variables) + meta-data
raw data
datatables
visualstructs.
views ☺data
transformationsvisual
mappingsview
transformations
Data Visual Form
Human Interaction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
tables of objects + their attributes
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
example for movie visualizations:
basic objects = instances of the “film” concept
attributes (properties) for each objectfor each film: title, release year, genre, main actors,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modelingFilmID 0083658 0088846 1189073 0103767
Title Blade Runner Brazil La piel que habito Baraka
Director Ridley Scott Terry Gilliam Pedro Almodóvar Ron Fricke
Actor Harrison Ford Jonathan Pryce Antonio Banderas N/A
Actress Sean Young Kim Greist Elena Anaya N/A
Year 1982 1985 2011 1992
Length 117 142 120 96
IMDB 8.2 8.0 7.6 8.6
Metascore 89 88 70 N/A
Genre Sci-Fi, Thriller Drama, Sci-Fi Drama, Thriller Documentary
could be considered as meta-data
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
functional (abstract) representation:
f (input variables) = output variables
TopRatedMovies (FilmID = 0062622)91
2001: A Space Odyssey is a top rated SF film
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
a nominal variable N is an unordered sete.g., film titles { Blade Runner, Brazil, The Wall,…}
(in)equality operators could be used
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
an ordinal variable O is a tuple (ordered set)e.g., film ratings < G, PG, PG-13, R >
relational operators (like “<”) could be applied
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
a quantitative variable Q is a numeric rangeexample: film duration [0, 400]
arithmetic operators could be performed on them
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
subtypes regarding a certain nature of visualization
quantitative spatial2D/3D spatial variables
commonly used in scientific visualization
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visualization of 112 million-atom reactive molecular dynamics simulation to study high-temperature oxidation of a silicon-carbide
nanoparticle on 786,432 IBM Blue Gene/Q corescacs.usc.edu/education/cs596.html
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
subtypes regarding a certain nature of visualization
quantitative geographicalspatial variables
that specifically represent geophysical coordinates
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
3D map visualizations via Google Maps APIdevelopers.google.com/maps/documentation/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variable subtype concerning similarity
quantitative similarity
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
temporal variables
quantitative timeordinal time
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
crypto-currencies’ dynamics: cryptomaps.org
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
unstructured scalewhose only value is present or absent (e.g., an error flag)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
main classes of variables involved into data visualization
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Data Tables
various scale types can be altered by transformations
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Quantitative variables can be mapped by data transformations into ordinal variables
film duration [0, 400] min. → <SHORT, MEDIUM, LONG>
classes of values
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Nominal variables can be transformed to ordinal values
film titles { Gattaca, Brazil, The Wall, Minority Report }→ < The Wall, Minority Report, Gattaca, Brazil >
sorting
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Visual Mappingscreating analytic abstractions to be visualized
from spatial coordinates to surfaceson an information 2D/3D landscape
raw data
datatables
visualstructs.
views ☺data
transformationsvisual
mappingsview
transformations
Data Visual Form
Human Interaction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
example
see also Explained Visually – setosa.io/ev/
Blockchain visually explained (Reuters, 2018): graphics.reuters.com/TECHNOLOGY-BLOCKCHAIN/010070P11GN/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Visual Structuresuse a vocabulary of visual elements:
spatial substrates + marks + graphical properties
raw data
datatables
visualstructs.
views ☺data
transformationsvisual
mappingsview
transformations
Data Visual Form
Human Interaction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
goal: the systematic mapping of data relations onto visual form
visual encodings
could use metaphors + idioms
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
spatial substratemarks
connectionenclosure
retinal propertiestemporal encoding
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
spatial substrate
empty space, as a container, can be treated as if it had metric structure
scale type ↔ space axis
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Most important spatial axes:
U – unstructured no axisN – nominal grid a region divided into sub-regionsO – ordinal grid sub-region ordering is significantQ – quantitative grid a region has a metric
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Axes can be linear or radial
can involve any of the various coordinate systems for describing space
a common approach: Cartesian coordinates
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Axes can be linear or radial
can involve any of the various coordinate systems for describing space
example: using 2 orthogonal quantitative axes to visualize movie popularity over the time
Year → QX Popularity → QY
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
marks
visible “things” that occur in space:points, lines, areas, volumes
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
types of marks
points ⭐⚫
lines
areas
volumes
point & line marks take up space and may have properties such as shape
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
connection & enclosure
points and lines can be used to signify different topological structures like graphs and trees,
showing relations among objects
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
connection & enclosure
enclosure can be used for trees, contour maps, and Venn diagrams
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
enclosure diagrambl.ocks.org/mbostock/4063530
visualizing a hierarchy of
entities belonging to a class
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
retinal properties
position, size, orientation, color, texture, shape
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
retinal properties
example: using color as visual code denoting a film genreFilmID (Genre) → P (Color)
possible conventions: Drama ⬛ Sci-Fi ⬛War ⬛
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
po
dio
.co
m/s
ite/
crea
tive
-ro
uti
nes
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
retinal properties
position, size, orientation, color, texture, shape
aspects to be considered:crispness, resolution, transparency, arrangement
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
aligned 2D positioning
unaligned 2D positioning
rendering according to value (length)
accuracy of comparisons
various visualization techniques could facilitate the user perception
(Cleveland & McGill, 1984) cited by Jerzy Wieczorek (2015)
civilstat.com/2015/10/statistical-graphics-and-visualization-course-materials/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
temporal encoding
temporal data to be visualizedversus
animation – mapping a variable into time
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
View Transformationsoffer various views (graphical representations)
according to the user goals
raw data
datatables
visualstructs.
views ☺data
transformationsvisual
mappingsview
transformations
Data Visual Form
Human Interaction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Viewsperceived by end-users
+adjusted by graphical parameters
(positioning, scaling, clipping, rotating,…)
raw data
datatables
visualstructs.
views ☺data
transformationsvisual
mappingsview
transformations
Data Visual Form
Human Interaction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
View—value distinction
regards how operations (transformations) are performedat different places in the model
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
View—value distinction
regards how operations (transformations) are performedat different places in the model
example:when a point is deleted from the visualization, has the point been deleted from the dataset?
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
“Information visualization is about the not just creation of visual images, but also the interaction with those images
in the service of some problem.”
Stuart Card, 2008
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
The Internet Map – interactive visualization of Internet domains usage based on data provided by Alexa – internet-map.net
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Expressiveness & effectiveness
a visualization is expressive if and only if it encodes all the data relations intended
and no other data relations are considered
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Expressiveness & effectiveness
a visualization is expressive if and only if it encodes all the data relations intended
and no other data relations are considered
good vs. ugly vs. bad vs. wrong visualizations
Claus O. Wilke, Fundamentals of Data Visualization, O’Reilly, 2019
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
ugly: aesthetic problems, but otherwise clear & informative
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
ugly: aesthetic problems, but otherwise clear & informative
bad: problems related to perception (unclear, confusing,
complicated, deceiving)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
ugly: aesthetic problems, but otherwise clear & informative
bad: problems related to perception (unclear, confusing,
complicated, deceiving)
wrong: problems related to mathematics
– objectively incorrect
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization modeling
incorrect correlations – mapping from data to visual form violates the expressiveness criterion
example
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
How about the processes concerning data visualization?
www.concerthotels.com/100-years-of-rock/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processes
AcquireParseFilterMine
RepresentRefine
Interact
according to Ben Fry, 2008
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processes
Acquire
obtain the (raw) data to be analyzed and visualized
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
Tamara Munzner, Visualization Analysis & Design, 2020www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/talks.html
aspects of interest concerning datasets:
data types
itemsattributes
relations (links)positions
grids
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning datasets:
data and dataset types
tables – items & attributesgraphs (networks / trees) – items (nodes), links, attributes
fields – grids + positions, attributesgeometry (spatial) – items + positions
clusters, sets, lists – items
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
Tamara Munzner, Visualization Analysis & Design, 2020www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/talks.html
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
Tamara Munzner, Visualization Analysis & Design, 2020www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/talks.html
aspects of interest concerning datasets:
dataset availability
static
versus
dynamic
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
Tamara Munzner, Visualization Analysis & Design, 2020www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/talks.html
aspects of interest regarding the attributes:
attribute types
categorical
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest regarding the attributes:
attribute types
orderedordinal
quantitative
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest regarding the attributes:
ordering direction
sequential, diverging, cyclic
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processesOpen datasets available on the Web:
Academic Torrents – academictorrents.com
Awesome Public Datasetsgithub.com/caesar0301/awesome-public-datasets
Awesome JSON Datasetsgithub.com/jdorfman/awesome-json-datasets
Common Crawl – commoncrawl.org/the-data/
DataHub – datahub.io/dataset
Kaggle Datasets – www.kaggle.com/datasets
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processesOpen datasets provided by companies – examples:
GitHub Archivewww.gharchive.org
Google BigQuery Public Datasetscloud.google.com/bigquery/public-data/
Microsoft Azure: Public Datasetsdocs.microsoft.com/azure/sql-database/sql-database-public-data-sets
Registry of Open Data on Amazon Web Servicesregistry.opendata.aws
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processes
Parse
deliver a certain structure for the data’s meaning, and order it into categories
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processes
Filter
keep only the data of interest
could also imply noise reduction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processes
Mine
apply methods from statistics or data miningto discern patterns or
to place data in a mathematical context
pragmatic approaches: G. Myatt, W. Johnson, Making Sense of Data I, II, and III, Wiley, 2007, 2009, 2011
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
Tamara Munzner, Visualization Analysis & Design, 2020www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/talks.html
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
{ action, target }
discover distributioncompare trendslocate outliers
browse topology
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
actions
analyze
search (filter)
query
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
actions
analyze
consumediscover (explore) vs. present (explain)
produceannotate, record, derive,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
Tamara Munzner, Visualization Analysis & Design, PacificVis 2016http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/talks.html
casual, social,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
actions
search (filter)
How much data matters?
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
actions
query
identify, compare, summarize,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
target
all data
attributes
network data
spatial data
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
target
all data
trends, outliers, features
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
target
attributes
a single one – e.g., distribution
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
target
attributes
many – dependency, correlation, similarity,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
target
network data
topology + paths
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data processing:
target
spatial data
shape
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processes
Represent
choose a (set of) visual model(s)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest concerning data visualization:
encode
arrange+
map
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
encode
arrange
expressseparate
orderalignuse
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
encode
map
from categorical and ordered attributes
to visual representations
color: hue, saturationsize, angle, curvature,…
shapemotion
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processes
Refine
improve the basic visual representation to make it clearer and more visually engaging
applying techniques of perceptual optimization
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
examplerefining
a visualization for better
perception
Claus Wilke (2019)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processes
Interact
add methods for manipulating the data or controlling what features are visible
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
discussion
aspects of interest:
manipulate – change, select, navigate
facet – juxtapose, partition, superimpose
reduce – filter, aggregate, embed
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/Tamara Munzner (2017)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
mash-ups
Your Life on Earth (BBC)www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141016-your-life-on-earth
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization processes
adopting an iterative approach (Fry, 2008)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
How about a taxonomy
of information visualization?
bl.ocks.org/mbostock
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
direct reading
1-variable [X]: lists, 1D scatterplots, pie charts, distributions, box plots,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/also stydy eagereyes.org/techniques/pie-charts
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
direct reading
2-variable [XY]: 2D object charts (histograms) – for continuous values
2D scatterplots – in the case of discrete values
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
2D visualizations generated by Google Data Studiomarketingplatform.google.com/about/data-studio/
example
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
direct reading
3-variable[XYR]: retinal scatterplots, Kohonen diagrams
[(XY)Z]: information landscapes, information surfaces[XYZ]: 3D scatterplots
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
studying the neural network behavior – here, data classification – in the Web browser
playground.tensorflow.org
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
retinal scatterplot – here, a heat mapsecviz.org/content/user-behavior-a-heatmap
visualizing user-behavior (Y) over time (X); color (retinal variable R) is used to indicate the intensity of the activity
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
direct reading
4-variable [XYZR]: 3D retinal scatterplots, 3D topographies
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
3D visualization of city population density by using a Web tool: Kepler – kepler.gl
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading may present a barrier of perception
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
n-variable [XYRn-2]: 2D retinal scatterplots[XYZRn-1]: 3D retinal scatterplots
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Krona – exploratory scientific visualization of hierarchical (taxonomic) data: github.com/marbl/Krona
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
3D visualization of a cyber-attackzones-maps.bid/network-attack-map/the-best-live-cyber-attack-maps-cyberwarzone.html
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
n-variable[XYRn-2]: 2D retinal scatterplots[XYZRn-1]: 3D retinal scatterplots
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
scatterplot of attractiveness versus age, colored by genderO’Connor & Biewald, 2009
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
trees
used for hierarchical data:node and link trees, enclosure trees, hyperbolic trees,
TreeMaps, cone trees
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
a treemap of terms occurring in geography titles and comments for 6 selected scene types
T. Segaran & J. Hammerbacher (Eds.), Beautiful Data, O’Reilly, 2009
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
network visualization
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
map-based visualization of cyber-attacks’ types & volume zones-maps.bid/network-attack-map.html
explore also graphofthings.org
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
time
aspects of interest: discrete vs. continuous values
moments vs. intervals
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
time
typical solutions:calendar, timeline, alternative views
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Here Is…hereistoday.com
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Definitive Daft Punkthemaninblue.com/writing/perspective/2011/05/12/
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
single-axis composition [XYn]:permutation matrices, parallel coordinates
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
a parallel coordinate view of a firewall log filecontext: security visualization – secviz.org
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
double-axis composition [XY]: graphs
example:ontology
visualization notations
+ tools
(re)visit Web Application Development discipline: profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/teach/courses/wade/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
recursive composition
2D in 2D [(XY)XY]: scatterplot matrices, hierarchical axes,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
visualizing correlated informationwww.andreykurenkov.com/writing/fun-visualizations-of-stackoverflow/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
recursive composition
marks in 2D [(XY)R]: stick figures, color icons, shape coding, Keim spirals,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
100 Years with the San Francisco Symphony by Adobethewhyaxis.info/music/
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
recursive composition
3D in 3D [(XYZ)XYZ]: (virtual) worlds within (virtual) worlds
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
holographic visualizations – HoloLens (Microsoft) www.microsoft.com/hololens/developers
Firefox Reality (Mozilla): mixedreality.mozilla.org
resources of interest: webvr.rocks + next.reality.news
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Interactive visual structures
dynamic queries
imagery (“magic”) lens
overview + detail
brushing and linking
extract & compare
attribute explorer (multi-faceted)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Poem Viewer – imagery lens for visualizing corporaovii.oerc.ox.ac.uk/PoemVis/
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
brushingperforming a data selection task (e.g., click/tap and drag)
linkinghighlighting the matching data samples in the other views
for a demo, visit mbostock.github.io/protovis/ex/brush.html
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Additionally, visual representations could involve users
data-driven methods: context-based filteringselective aggregation
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Gapminder – www.gapminder.org/tools/
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Additionally, visual representations could involve users
view-based methods:micro-macro readings, highlighting, visual transfer
functions, perspective distortion, alternate geometries
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
micro-macro readingspresenting large quantities of data at high densities
goal: to see the bigger picturemedium.com/@dominikus/the-superpower-of-interactive-datavis-a-micro-macro-view-4d027e3bdc71
Selfiexploratory – selfiecity.net/selfiexploratory/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Visualizing uncertainty
common solutions to indicate uncertainty:
error bars
confidence bands
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Visualizing uncertainty
uncertainty of point estimates: error bars
we can adopt concepts from statistical sampling (mean, standard deviation, confidence interval)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
expert ratings of 125 chocolate barsscale from 1 (unpleasant) to 5 (elite)
Claus O. Wilke, Fundamentals of Data Visualization, O’Reilly, 2019
example
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
Visualizing uncertainty
uncertainty of curve fits: confidence bands
could be used to show the uncertainty in a trend line
drawing alternative fit lines randomly generated by using a specific confidence level and
posterior probabilities of the fit parameters
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visualization taxonomy
male blue jays – head length versus body massstraight blue line represents the best linear fit to the data
the gray band shows the uncertainty in the linear fit
Claus O. Wilke, Fundamentals of Data Visualization, O’Reilly, 2019
example
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
remarks
Each visualization project (solution) has unique requirements
“If each data set is different, the point of visualization is to expose that fascinating aspect of the data
and make it self-evident.” – Stephen Fry
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
remarks
Pragmatic advice: apply KISS principle
less detail can actually convey more information
beware of chartjunk
Tufte (1983)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusionsvarious examples: junkcharts.typepad.com
percentage of percentages?
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions real-life examples:viz.wtf
???
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
remarks
Pragmatic advice: consider visual impairments
color cannot always convey information as effectively as we might wish
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
difficulty in matching the colors in the plot
to the colors in the legend
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
colors look similar for people suffering from color-vision deficiency
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
remarks
Pragmatic advice: consider visual impairments
color cannot always convey information as effectively as we might wish
solution: redundant codingadopting multiple visual variables to depict data
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
case study a better perception
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
remarks
Pragmatic advice: use proper labeling
provide explanations, legends, visual conventions, etc.
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
concluzii
History of Rock Musicwww.svds.com/rockandroll/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
remarks
Pragmatic advice: avoid gratuitous 3D
problems of perception + cognitive load(data distortion)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
example
a bad 3D visualization of mortality rates for groups of people and age categories Claus Wilke (2019)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
example a better perception
Claus Wilke (2019)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
remarks
Pragmatic advice: know your audience
different types of visualizations for different (types of) users
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
concluzii
3D visualization of human body (available in the Web browser)BioDigital Human – human.biodigital.com
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
remarci
“Never trust summary statistics alone; always visualize your data” – Alberto Cairo (2016)
the datasets have the same statistics features (e.g., standard deviation, Pearson correlation),
but their visualizations are different
details in J. Matejka, G. Fitzmaurice, “Same Stats, Different Graphs: Generating Datasets with Varied Appearance and Identical Statistics through Simulated Annealing”,
ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2017
www.autodeskresearch.com/publications/samestats
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
tools
JavaScript libraries for 2D visualizations:
D3.js (Data-Driven Documents) – d3js.orgD3.js extensions – github.com/wbkd/awesome-d3
Leaflet (mobile-friendly interactive maps) – leafletjs.com
Raphaël (vector graphics) – raphaeljs.com
Recline (building data apps) – okfnlabs.org/recline/
Sigma (graph drawing) – sigmajs.org
Vis (handling large amounts of dynamic data) – visjs.org
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
instrumente la nivel de client
JavaScript libraries for 3D visualizations:Cesium (3D globes and maps) – cesiumjs.org
PhiloGL – www.senchalabs.org/philogl/
Three.js – threejs.org
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
visual representations of data could be also physical (i.e. generated by a 3D printer)
various case studies: dataphys.org/list/
Nathalie Miebach (2007) Leo Smith (2018)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
Main purposes of information visualization:
exploratory visualizationdiscover patterns, trends, or sub-problems in a data set
explanatory visualizationtransmitting information or a point of view to the user
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
case study
Food Poisoning Outbreaks (Ruslan Kamolov, 2015)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
VOWL (Visual Notation for OWL Ontologies) + interactive visualization tools for desktop and Web
vowl.visualdataweb.org
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
Main purposes of information visualization:
exploratory visualizationdiscover patterns, trends, or sub-problems in a data set
explanatory visualizationtransmitting information or a point of view to the user
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
case study
explaining an election law by using data visualization
RAW Graphs – github.com/densitydesign/raw
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
using iPad to learn programming in a creative way
Swift Playgrounds – www.apple.com/swift/playgrounds/
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
Awesome Visualization Researchgithub.com/mathisonian/awesome-visualization-research
Data Viz Project – datavizproject.com
Data Visualization Catalogue – datavizcatalogue.com
Data Viz Done Right – www.datavizdoneright.com
Flowing Data – flowingdata.com
Information is Beautiful – www.informationisbeautiful.net
Creative Applications – www.creativeapplications.net
DevArt – devart.withgoogle.com
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
Data visualization as story telling
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
Data visualization as story telling
showing dataversus
storytelling with data
Cole Nussbaumer Knaflic, Storytelling with Data,Wiley & Sons, 2015
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
showing data – a pie chart visualization – about a survey on a pilot program about science
case study
Cole Knaflic (2015)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
storytelling with data: same data, useful outcome
Cole Knaflic (2015)
case study
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
initial data visualization
case study
Cole Knaflic (2015)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
conclusions
storytelling with data: refined data visualizationemphasizing various aspects of interest
case study
Co
le K
naf
lic
(20
15)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
“Conclusion”
data visualizationdefinitions, classification, methods, examples
datavizproject.com
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/
next episode:affective factors & persuasive technologies
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