Human Biology – Applicable to Your LIFE!!!
Human Biology – Applicable to Your LIFE!!!
What is Life Anyway?What is Life Anyway?
What does it mean to you to be alive?From a biological perspective, what must you be
able to do to be considered living?
The Unity of Life – Starts w/DNA(Section 1.4)
The Unity of Life – Starts w/DNA(Section 1.4)
Living Things . . . Are highly ordered Are made up molecules Contain DNA Are composed of cells Can utilize energy Regulate their environment Respond and adapt to their
environment Grow and Develop Reproduce Evolves or changes over time
The Hierarchy of Life – Levels of Organization
The Hierarchy of Life – Levels of Organization
1. ChemicalsAtoms & Molecules
2. CellsComposed of chemicals and
organelles3. Tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
5. Organs Two or more tissues working
together6. Organ systems
11 systems total7. Organism
So, where do anatomy & physiology come in . . . So, where do anatomy & physiology come in . . .
Anatomy – Structure of the body1. Systemic – approach in this textbook2. Regional – approach for medical/dental school3. Surface – approach used to diagnose disease
Anatomical ImagingPhysiology –Function of the body
Understand and predict the body’s response to stimuli Understand how body maintains homeostasis
What is Homeostasis?
11 major organ systems11 major organ systems1. Integumentary2. Skeletal3. Muscular4. Nervous5. Endocrine6. Cardiovascular7. Lymphatic8. Respiratory9. Digestive10. Urinary11. Reproductive
homeostasishomeostasis
Homeostasis – existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body – a dynamic equilibrium
1. Negative feedback – maintain homeostasis – any deviation from a normal value is diminished or resisted
2. Positive feedback – not homeostatic and are rare in healthy humans – when a deviation from the norm occurs, it is increased by positive feedback. One of the few examples of a normally occurring positive feedback mechanism is the birth process
Terminology and the body plan
Terminology and the body planAll directional terms apply to anatomical position
Etymology – Word Origin (mostly Latin and Greek)Superior/Inferior – above/belowAnterior/ventral – in front ofPosterior/dorsal - behindProximal/Distal – closer to the center/further from centerLateral/Medial – to the side/to the centerSuperficial/Deep – on the surface/deep
TABLE 1.1 – Page 10
planesplanesFOR THE BODY
Sagittal – vertical planeMidsagittal – in the middle to
divide rt/ltTransverse/horizontalFrontal/coronal – vertical, but
ant/post.FOR ORGANS
Longitudinal – verticalTransverse/cross – Oblique – comes down at an
angle
Body regionsBody regions
Upper limb Arm – shoulder to elbowForearm – elbow to wrist
Lower limb Thigh – hip to knee Leg – knee to ankle
Central region Head, neck, trunk
Trunk – further subdivided into> Thorax, abdomen, pelvis
Body cavitiesBody cavities
3 major trunk cavities 1. Thoracic cavity – surrounded by rib cage,
bounded by diaphragm, separated into right and left parts by a mediastinum
What is the Mediastinum? Name for the compartment that divides the thoracic cavity (with the lungs on either side) and structure that contains the heart, thymus gland, tracheal, esophagus, etc
Body cavities, continuedBody cavities, continued2. Abdominal cavity – bounded
by the abdominal muscles and contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys
3. Pelvic cavity – enclosed by the bones of the pelvis – contains urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, internal reproductive organs
The abdominal and pelvic cavities are not physically separated and are sometimes called the abdominopelvic cavity
Serous membranesSerous membranes
Serous membranes line the trunk cavities and cover the organs of the trunk cavities
These double-walled membranes contain:1. Visceral membrane2. Cavity3. Parietal membrane
Locations of serous membranes
Locations of serous membranes
Thoracic cavity1. Pericardial cavity and membranes2. Left and right pleural cavities and membranes
Abdominopelvic cavity1. Peritoneal cavity and membrane
MesenteryRetroperitoneal organs
Peritoneum w/microvilliPeritoneum w/microvilli
Top Related