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HOW TO MAKE A SPEECH
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INTRODUCTION TO SPEECH
2 MOST COMMON KINDS OF SPEECH:
1. INFORMATIVE SPEECH:- to provide or to inform
information.
- This information can be about anobject, a process, an event or a
concept.
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INTRODUCTION TO SPEECH
2. PERSUASIVE SPEECH: to persuadeothers to take some actions. The most
common types of persuasive speech are
problem-(cause)-solution speech, and thepersuasive speech in which the speaker
takes a position/side in an issue and
persuade others to agree with him/her
(persuasive speech - for short)
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HOW TO MAKE A SPEECH
10 STEPS TO MAKE A SPEECH:
1.Choosing and narrowing down a topic2. Developing your thesis statement3. Analyzing your audience4. Doing the research5. Deciding on an organizational pattern6. Developing main ideas7. Preparing an introduction and conclusion
8. Wording your speech9. Preparing notes and visual aids10. Delivery
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1.CHOOSING AND NARROWING DOWN A TOPIC
- Choose a topic that:
+ you are interested in or you want to knowmore about
+ you know a lot about
+ your audience are interested in
- Narrow down the topic:
+ consider the time of the speech to decide how
long the speech should be+ choose an aspect or a field of the topic that can
be developed within the alloted time of delivery.
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3. ANALYSING YOUR AUDIENCE
- Know about your audience: ethnicbackground, age range, family size, majors,
jobs, hobbies, likes and dislikes, beliefs,
involvement in extracurricular activities, their
attitudes and opinions about a particular issue,what they are intereted in talking about in a
speaking class, how much they know about
the topic, what they want to know etc.
- To be more confident in delivering a speech- To choose appropriate language and methods
to deliver the speech
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4. DOING RESEARCH
Information for the speech can be sought:- Use your own experience and
knowledge
- Do library research- Search on the Internet
- Interviews
Doing research helps you to have facts,
examples, illustrations for evidence, based
on this you can develop your arguments.
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5. DECIDING ON AN ORGANIATIONAL PATTERN
Some common patterns:Chronological: from time to time
Spatial: from place to place
Topical: from topic/subdivision
to topic/subdivision
Problem-(cause)-solution
Causeeffect
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6. DEVELOPING MAIN IDEAS
Based on the organizational pattern and
the information from the research, outline
your speech.- Determine the main points
- Develop the main points using
arguments, facts, examples,illustrations or evidence.
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7. PREPARING AN INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION
- Introduction:
Get the attention and interest your audienceWays to introduce a speech:
+ tell a story
+ share a personal experience
+ use humour+ use an appropriate quotation
+ refer to the audience or the occasion
+ ask a question
State your topic and purpose (thesisstatement)
Preview your speech (optional)
Give instructions about questions (optional)
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- ConclusionRecap
Stress / emphasize your central
idea in a memorable way
Invite questions (it depends)
7. PREPARING AN INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION
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8. WORDING YOUR SPEECH
- Use spoken, conversational language tobe understood.
- Use clear and straight-to-the-fact
language- Use appropriate, familiar and concrete
language
- Use transitional expressions and signals
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9. PREPARING NOTES AND VISUAL AIDS
Notes:Size: small enough
Letters: large enough
One-sided, limited,
arranged, numbered, held
and moved carefully.
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Visual aids: Any kinds:
- Charts, graph
- Large posters, ppt files to be used
with projector.- Draw on the chalkboard
Relevant
Large enough
Can be operated with equipmentNeat and attractive but not too
attractive
9. PREPARING NOTES AND VISUAL AIDS
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10. DELIVERY
2 components of a presentation:
-What to say (the content)- How to say (the delivery):
+ Physical elements: posture,
gestures, eye contact, voice control(volume, rate), and comprehensibility.
+ Speaking dynamics: vitality,
confidence, spontaneity, use of
humour, and interaction with the
audience.
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REDUCING NERVOUSNESS:
- Being REALLY well-prepared- Focus on THE MESSAGE YOU
WANT TO DELIVER, not on the
fact that you are speaking in front ofa large audience looking at you.
- Remember that your classmates
are likely to be SUPPORTIVE thancritical.
10. DELIVERY
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POSTURE:
10. DELIVERY
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VITALITY:
- A combination of liveliness and enthusiasm.
- Be interested in and enthusiastic about the topic.
- If not, your speech delivery will probably be
affected.
SPONTANEITY:
- Speaking in a natural manner rather than repeating
previously planned exact words => make up the
actual sentences as you speak.SENSE OF HUMOUR:
- Establish a bond between you and the audience.
- Try out your humourous remarks in your speech.
10. DELIVERY
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MOVEMENT:
-A few steps forward or to one side to
emphasize
- Not rock back and forth, shift from one foot to
the other, and wandering aimlessly=> distracting
10. DELIVERY
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FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AND GESTURES -
EYE CONTACT:
10. DELIVERY
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VOICE CONTROL:
-RATE: SpeedYou will be easy tounderstand.
- FLUENCY: Speaking smoothly with as few
hesitations as possible. => Use less fillers like
mm er ah OK you know ; Useproper pauses, phrase grouping, and emphasis.
-VOLUME: Loudness or Softness. => Adjust
your voice according to the situation.
- INTONATION: variations in pitch of wordsand syllables.
10. DELIVERY
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COMPREHENSIBILITY:
- How well your audience can understand what you
are saying.
- It depends on: your rate, fluency, volume,intonation; your pronunciation.
=> Check the pronunciation of any words that you are
not familiar with.
10. DELIVERY
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ASSIGNEMENT 1:
GATHERING AND REPORTING
INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR CLASSMATES
GATHERING INFORMATION-Work in your group
-Each group has to brainstorm a set questions
to ask your classmates in order to find out some
information about them, your future audience.
-Each member of the group is in charge of anumber of questions. He/She has to ask every
member of the class those questions, take
notes, and prepare a summary of the findings to
report later
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